Greensleeves(发在别处,转来留存)

Greensleeves是一种花,然而我的记忆却不确切。一直以为那是一种有如雏菊一样的黄色小花,到了春夏的季节就会在英格兰原野上零星地闪烁——很多年,我也是这样开头向人介绍这个曲子。
要写下来的东西不能不严谨一点,于是查了查植物分类学,才晓得它的学名叫做Phaseolus vulgaris,其实就是日常吃的四季豆。Greensleeves则是专门用来观赏的花卉变种。
白色的花,略带绿色,故名。
Greensleeve的旋律非常的久远,如Wiki百科全书上面讲到:
“……from The Merry Wives of Windsor, has Falstaff exclaim:
Let the sky rain potatoes! Let it thunder to the tune of 'Greensleeves'!
……”
The Merry Wives of Windsor,中文里面翻译做《温莎的风流娘们》。莎士比亚写于大约1602年。看起来似乎在那个时候,Greensleeves的曲调就有如阳春白雪、下里巴人一般人且尽知。
既然是传统民歌,Greensleeves也是有词的:
Alas, my love, you do me wrong,
To cast me off discourteously.
For I have loved you well and long,
Delighting in your company.
Chorus:
Greensleeves was all my joy
Greensleeves was my delight,
Greensleeves was my heart of gold,
And who but my lady greensleeves.
Your vows you've broken, like my heart,
Oh, why did you so enrapture me?
Now I remain in a world apart
But my heart remains in captivity.
chorus
I have been ready at your hand,
To grant whatever you would crave,
I have both wagered life and land,
Your love and good-will for to have.
chorus
If you intend thus to disdain,
It does the more enrapture me,
And even so, I still remain
A lover in captivity.
chorus
My men were clothed all in green,
And they did ever wait on thee;
All this was gallant to be seen,
And yet thou wouldst not love me.
chorus
Thou couldst desire no earthly thing,
but still thou hadst it readily.
Thy music still to play and sing;
And yet thou wouldst not love me.
chorus
Well, I will pray to God on high,
that thou my constancy mayst see,
And that yet once before I die,
Thou wilt vouchsafe to love me.
chorus
Ah, Greensleeves, now farewell, adieu,
To God I pray to prosper thee,
For I am still thy lover true,
Come once again and love me.
传说这词是Tudor(都铎)王朝英格兰国王亨利第八所写。Henry VIII是一个喜爱音乐,精通多种乐器的国王,然而还算物正业,没有像宋徽宗之类的亡国。同时他也是一个多情善感的人,前后换过六任王后,两任被砍头,两任被离异,一任产褥热而死,最后的一任好歹得以善终。——既然如此花心,那么不如把Greensleeves词曲作者的荣誉也给他罢。

实际上Henry VIII确实有一些作品留存下来,不过Greensleeves却远较Tudor的年代更为久远。Henry VIII熟悉Greensleeves的旋律倒是很可能,然而说这是他写的,未免是对他作曲的能力大不敬。他的作品,就像我们会从一个受过专业音乐教育的人那里期望的那样,是一板一眼地遵循既定结构的:
http://tudors.crispen.org/music/
Henry VIII的儿子Edward VI是一个平庸的君主,然而两个女儿却都是英格兰历史上不世出的人物:玛丽女王和伊丽莎白一世。这个有点像荷马Odyssey里面所写的“Some sons are better than their fathers, most are not”
(想起以前有个《三国演义》的搞笑Flash动画:“吕布告诫大家:‘不要小看女人’”,呵呵)
上次聚会所演奏的Greensleeves,是Fransic Cutting的所记录的版本。他是莎士比亚同时代的人,是英格兰历史上最杰出的鲁特琴演奏家和作曲家(Lutenist)之一,他是以富于装饰音而出名。
当时的曲谱是所谓指板谱(Tablature),直接记录时值和各个弦所应该被按的位置。

看起来好像一塌糊涂,其实是很简单的,第一行对应第一弦,第二行对应第二弦,以次类推。字母A表示按住第一品,B表示第二品,依此类推。和当今吉他的指板谱很像。不过现在是用数字来表示品的位置。
本曲分大致ABC三段,开头A先是缓慢的交待旋律,辅以一点快速琶音的装饰;第二段B是在A加上更多的装饰,同时高音低音两边交互成趣,稍许加快一点速度; C是变调,其实这才是Greensleeves最古老的旋律,更快。D则是A的不带装饰,朴素地简单重复。演奏的次序可以是ABCD ABCCD CABCD。唱的话,则是A的旋律。
一些录音:
Stanley Buetens,Elizabethan and Jacobean Lute Music,Music Heritage Society
Julian Bream,The Golden Age of English Lute Music,RCA,常见
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