Appendix 1.
P values for detecting polymorphism in seemingly fixed diagnostic characters, assuming a frequency cut-off of p = 0.10, and given different numbers of characters sampled (c), characters found to diagnostic and apparently fixed" (k), and sample sizes (n). If the P value lies below the predetermined alpha (e.g., 0.05), then the hypothesis that at least one of the putatively fixed diagnostic characters is either fixed or has the foreign trait at a frequency below 0.10 can be accepted.
c k P c k P c k P
n = 1 18 10 0.0135661 90 19 0.0111339
30 30 0.0423912 19 10 0.0214856 100 19 0.0316902
35 35 0.0250316 20 10 0.0322829 100 20 0.0167669
40 40 0.0147809 20 11 0.0106883 n = 25
45 45 0.00872796 25 12 0.0282411 2 2 0.00515378
50 49 0.0337859 25 13 0.0103272 3 2 0.0147213
n = 2 30 14 0.024268 4 2 0.0280424
15 15 0.0423912 35 15 0.0453474 5 2 0.0445288
16 16 0.0343368 35 16 0.0206557 6 3 0.00627178
17 17 0.0278128 40 17 0.0373666 7 3 0.0103915
18 18 0.0225284 40 18 0.0174856 8 3 0.015745
19 19 0.018248 45 19 0.0308559 9 3 0.0223706
20 20 0.0147809 45 20 0.0147543 10 3 0.0302776
25 24 0.0353765 50 20 0.0488327 11 3 0.0394519
30 29 0.0144426 50 22 0.0124256 12 3 0.0498599
35 33 0.0262837 60 24 0.0330476 13 4 0.0112166
40 37 0.0395035 60 25 0.017563 14 4 0.0148231
40 38 0.0116447 70 27 0.0398428 15 4 0.0190836
45 42 0.0189811 70 29 0.0121512 16 4 0.0240269
50 46 0.0273666 80 30 0.0458846 17 4 0.0296742
n = 3 80 32 0.0155461 18 4 0.0360394
10 10 0.0423912 90 34 0.0317226 19 4 0.0431292
11 11 0.0309032 90 36 0.0107631 20 5 0.0118701
12 12 0.0225284 100 37 0.0357488 25 5 0.0302073
13 13 0.0164232 100 39 0.0130856 30 6 0.0181872
14 14 0.0119725 n = 13 35 6 0.0366838
15 15 0.00872796 3 3 0.0164232 35 7 0.0110696
16 15 0.0442071 4 4 0.00417456 40 7 0.0224706
17 16 0.0339513 5 4 0.0166283 45 7 0.0401483
18 17 0.0260075 6 4 0.0398488 45 8 0.0138541
19 18 0.0198758 7 5 0.0138716 50 8 0.0251641
20 19 0.0151575 8 5 0.0292787 60 9 0.0267107
25 23 0.0191474 9 6 0.0108934 70 10 0.0274455
30 27 0.0213933 10 6 0.0214083 70 11 0.0109307
35 31 0.0224659 11 6 0.0370927 80 11 0.0276087
40 35 0.0227591 12 7 0.0156471 80 12 0.0115928
45 39 0.0225377 13 7 0.0265494 90 12 0.0273705
50 42 0.048783 14 7 0.0416501 90 13 0.0119976
50 43 0.0219798 14 8 0.0114487 100 13 0.0268524
60 50 0.0423514 15 8 0.0191255 100 14 0.0121986
n = 4 16 8 0.0298608 n = 30
8 8 0.0343368 17 8 0.0440945 1 1 0.0423912
9 9 0.0225284 17 9 0.0138478 2 2 0.00179701
10 10 0.0147809 18 9 0.0215361 3 2 0.00523868
11 11 0.00969774 19 9 0.0318574 4 2 0.0101823
12 11 0.0463833 19 10 0.010068 5 2 0.0164944
13 12 0.0326202 20 9 0.0451535 6 2 0.0240501
14 13 0.0228378 20 10 0.0156066 7 2 0.0327326
15 14 0.0159258 25 11 0.0333165 8 2 0.0424327
16 14 0.0499379 25 12 0.0122989 9 3 0.00527699
16 15 0.0110669 30 13 0.0246724 10 3 0.00730208
17 15 0.0365702 35 14 0.0413956 11 3 0.00972614
18 16 0.0266302 35 15 0.018336 12 3 0.0125633
19 17 0.0192934 40 16 0.0304156 13 3 0.0158235
20 17 0.0497801 40 17 0.0136705 14 3 0.0195132
20 18 0.0139133 45 17 0.0455864 15 3 0.0236354
25 21 0.0367239 45 19 0.010221 16 3 0.0281901
25 22 0.0113615 50 19 0.033758 17 3 0.0331748
30 25 0.0272153 50 20 0.0166817 18 3 0.0385847
35 28 0.0489494 60 22 0.0354811 19 3 0.0444128
35 29 0.0202516 60 23 0.0187243 20 4 0.00906618
40 32 0.0360383 70 25 0.0361208 25 4 0.0200188
40 33 0.0151236 70 27 0.0105063 30 4 0.0367314
45 36 0.0266867 80 28 0.036034 35 5 0.015379
45 37 0.011329 80 30 0.0113673 40 5 0.026221
50 39 0.041477 90 31 0.0354604 45 5 0.0410025
50 40 0.0198538 90 33 0.0119337 45 6 0.0114301
60 46 0.0446279 100 34 0.0345629 50 6 0.018662
60 48 0.0111086 100 36 0.0122631 60 6 0.0413017
n = 5 n = 14 60 7 0.0132903
6 6 0.0423912 3 3 0.0119725 70 7 0.028735
7 7 0.0250316 4 3 0.0396733 80 8 0.0201422
8 8 0.0147809 5 4 0.0111883 90 8 0.0373767
9 9 0.00872796 6 4 0.0274794 90 9 0.0142018
10 9 0.0408957 7 5 0.00863309 100 9 0.0263858
11 10 0.026259 8 5 0.0186931 100 10 0.0100605
12 11 0.0167519 9 5 0.0342103 n = 35
13 12 0.0106277 10 6 0.0126691 1 1 0.0250316
14 12 0.0341335 11 6 0.022525 2 1 0.0494365
15 13 0.0229033 12 6 0.0364605 3 2 0.00184837
16 14 0.0152519 13 7 0.0149654 4 2 0.00363518
17 14 0.0393485 14 7 0.0240977 5 2 0.00595795
17 15 0.0100883 15 7 0.0364231 6 2 0.00878874
18 15 0.0273662 15 8 0.0100115 7 2 0.0121007
19 16 0.0188756 16 8 0.0160536 8 2 0.0158678
20 16 0.0426902 17 8 0.0243379 9 2 0.0200654
20 17 0.012922 18 8 0.0351993 10 2 0.0246695
25 20 0.0236049 18 9 0.0107611 11 2 0.0296571
30 23 0.034759 19 8 0.0489066 12 2 0.0350061
30 24 0.0132572 19 9 0.0163518 13 2 0.0406953
35 26 0.0456537 20 9 0.0237993 14 2 0.0467044
35 27 0.0199048 25 10 0.0416921 15 3 0.00569396
40 30 0.0268601 25 11 0.0156239 16 3 0.00687845
40 31 0.0114699 30 12 0.026868 17 3 0.00819826
45 33 0.0338477 30 13 0.0103082 18 3 0.00965661
45 34 0.0158184 35 13 0.0403719 19 3 0.0112562
50 36 0.040702 35 14 0.0174952 20 3 0.0129992
50 37 0.0204025 40 15 0.0264452 25 3 0.0239128
60 43 0.0298049 40 16 0.011481 30 3 0.038513
60 44 0.0153972 45 16 0.0369005 35 4 0.0110733
70 49 0.0390438 45 17 0.0174315 40 4 0.017522
70 50 0.0219465 50 17 0.0485943 45 4 0.0259111
n = 6 50 19 0.0115483 50 4 0.0363462
5 5 0.0423912 60 20 0.0420872 60 5 0.0171885
6 6 0.0225284 60 22 0.0110254 70 5 0.0311216
7 7 0.0119725 70 23 0.0362713 80 6 0.0153001
8 8 0.00636269 70 25 0.0102138 90 6 0.0257559
9 8 0.030213 80 26 0.0311801 100 6 0.0401202
10 9 0.0176408 80 27 0.0174378 100 7 0.0130597
11 10 0.0102171 90 28 0.0449017 n = 40
12 10 0.0319162 90 30 0.0152715 1 1 0.0147809
13 11 0.0197154 100 31 0.0380615 2 1 0.0293433
14 11 0.0478127 100 33 0.0133196 3 1 0.0436905
14 12 0.0120525 n = 15 4 2 0.00128516
15 12 0.0310569 2 2 0.0423912 5 2 0.00212087
16 13 0.0199261 3 3 0.00872796 6 2 0.00315008
17 13 0.0435877 4 3 0.0295208 7 2 0.00436687
17 14 0.0126456 5 4 0.0075051 8 2 0.00576548
18 14 0.0290895 6 4 0.0188372 9 2 0.00734026
19 15 0.0191831 7 4 0.0368351 10 2 0.0090857
20 15 0.0391887 8 5 0.0118236 11 2 0.0109964
20 16 0.0125146 9 5 0.0221229 12 2 0.0130671
25 18 0.0438133 10 5 0.0368446 13 2 0.0152927
25 19 0.0165603 11 6 0.0134633 14 2 0.0176681
30 21 0.0461978 12 6 0.022289 15 2 0.0201884
30 22 0.0194684 13 6 0.0343036 16 2 0.0228489
35 24 0.0471351 14 6 0.0498077 17 2 0.0256447
35 25 0.0214489 14 7 0.0136316 18 2 0.0285714
40 27 0.0471241 15 7 0.0210799 19 2 0.0316244
40 28 0.0227121 16 7 0.0309379 20 2 0.0347994
45 30 0.0464863 17 7 0.0434632 25 3 0.00582337
45 32 0.0107783 17 8 0.0130446 30 3 0.00973228
50 33 0.0454344 18 8 0.0193075 35 3 0.0148572
50 35 0.0114384 19 8 0.0274459 40 3 0.0212433
60 39 0.042619 20 8 0.0376786 45 3 0.0289057
60 41 0.0121451 20 9 0.0120969 50 3 0.037835
70 45 0.0393762 25 10 0.0210779 60 4 0.0120719
70 47 0.012269 30 11 0.0312566 70 4 0.0202316
n = 7 30 12 0.0119749 80 4 0.0311269
5 5 0.0250316 35 12 0.0420557 90 4 0.0448862
6 6 0.0119725 35 13 0.0179403 90 5 0.010998
7 6 0.0494491 40 14 0.0246189 100 5 0.0167182
8 7 0.0266388 40 15 0.0103816 n = 45
9 8 0.0141702 45 15 0.0317903 1 1 0.00872796
10 8 0.0410069 45 16 0.0144675 2 1 0.0173797
11 9 0.0235059 50 16 0.0392805 3 1 0.025956
12 10 0.0132751 50 17 0.019031 4 1 0.0344574
13 10 0.0328486 60 19 0.0292134 5 1 0.0428847
14 11 0.0195736 60 20 0.0145967 6 2 0.00111633
15 11 0.0417965 70 21 0.040294 7 2 0.00155379
15 12 0.0114925 70 23 0.0111579 8 2 0.00205971
16 12 0.0259868 80 24 0.0298782 9 2 0.00263285
17 13 0.0159045 80 25 0.0163656 10 2 0.00327202
18 13 0.0323004 90 26 0.0384857 11 2 0.003976
19 14 0.0204567 90 28 0.0123123 12 2 0.00474362
20 14 0.0383953 100 28 0.0474338 13 2 0.00557372
20 15 0.0127687 100 30 0.0166792 14 2 0.00646514
25 17 0.0339199 n = 16 15 2 0.00741675
25 18 0.0126237 2 2 0.0343368 16 2 0.00842744
30 20 0.0294253 3 3 0.00636269 17 2 0.0094961
30 21 0.0118073 4 3 0.0219137 18 2 0.0106216
35 23 0.0252838 5 3 0.0472524 19 2 0.011803
35 24 0.0107115 6 4 0.0128467 20 2 0.0130391
40 25 0.0444279 7 4 0.0255976 25 2 0.0200046
40 26 0.0216092 8 4 0.0437768 30 2 0.0281879
45 28 0.0370464 9 5 0.0141557 35 2 0.0374715
45 29 0.0184112 10 5 0.0240356 40 2 0.0477462
50 31 0.0309556 11 5 0.0374509 45 3 0.00717846
50 32 0.0156578 12 6 0.0134062 50 3 0.00960127
60 36 0.0392762 13 6 0.0210443 60 3 0.0157218
60 38 0.011294 14 6 0.0311562 70 3 0.0235945
70 41 0.046482 15 6 0.0439711 80 3 0.0332346
70 43 0.0153426 15 7 0.0119338 90 3 0.0446124
80 47 0.0325822 16 7 0.0178704 100 4 0.0117278
80 49 0.0108851 17 7 0.0256088 n = 50
n = 8 18 7 0.0353521 1 1 0.00515378
4 4 0.0343368 18 8 0.010298 2 1 0.010281
5 5 0.0147809 19 7 0.0472588 3 1 0.0153818
6 6 0.00636269 19 8 0.0149405 4 1 0.0204563
7 6 0.0281052 20 8 0.0209292 5 1 0.0255046
8 7 0.0136583 25 9 0.0300319 6 1 0.030527
9 7 0.038534 25 10 0.0102107 7 1 0.0355234
10 8 0.0203186 30 10 0.0386994 8 1 0.0404941
11 8 0.0464557 30 11 0.0149033 9 1 0.0454392
11 9 0.0105172 35 11 0.0467238 10 2 0.00116285
12 9 0.0259876 35 12 0.0197481 11 2 0.00141639
13 10 0.0142397 40 13 0.0245644 12 2 0.00169386
14 10 0.0306752 40 14 0.0101189 13 2 0.00199498
15 11 0.0175704 45 14 0.0292441 14 2 0.00231952
16 11 0.0344939 45 15 0.012891 15 2 0.00266722
17 12 0.0204743 50 15 0.0337259 16 2 0.00303784
18 12 0.0375734 50 16 0.0157195 17 2 0.00343113
18 13 0.0119247 60 17 0.0419886 18 2 0.00384684
19 13 0.0229657 60 19 0.0101289 19 2 0.00428474
20 13 0.0400335 70 19 0.0492822 20 2 0.00474459
20 14 0.0137753 70 21 0.0136475 25 2 0.00736474
25 16 0.0283298 80 22 0.0317458 30 2 0.0104986
25 17 0.0104249 80 23 0.0171591 35 2 0.0141184
30 18 0.0461035 90 24 0.0363525 40 2 0.0181971
30 19 0.0201541 90 26 0.0110884 45 2 0.0227091
35 21 0.0324127 100 26 0.0405448 50 2 0.0276296
35 22 0.0144039 100 28 0.0133873 60 2 0.038602
40 23 0.0465372 n = 17 70 3 0.00579392
40 25 0.0103348 2 2 0.0278128 80 3 0.00837202
45 26 0.0331215 3 3 0.0046384 90 3 0.0115261
45 27 0.0163568 4 3 0.0162329 100 3 0.0152765
50 28 0.0445735 5 3 0.0355547 n = 60
50 30 0.0117083 6 4 0.00872229 1 1 0.00179701
60 33 0.0416047 7 4 0.0176721 2 1 0.00359079
60 35 0.0122476 8 4 0.0307222 3 1 0.00538135
70 38 0.0382807 9 4 0.0481202 4 1 0.00716869
70 40 0.0122435 10 5 0.0155031 5 1 0.00895282
80 43 0.0349203 11 5 0.0245691 6 1 0.0107337
80 45 0.0118989 12 5 0.0364398 7 1 0.0125115
90 47 0.0499044 13 6 0.0127014 8 1 0.014286
90 50 0.0113499 14 6 0.0191346 9 1 0.0160573
n = 9 15 6 0.0274729 10 1 0.0178255
4 4 0.0225284 16 6 0.0378944 11 1 0.0195905
5 5 0.00872796 16 7 0.0101037 12 1 0.0213523
6 5 0.0354608 17 7 0.0147384 13 1 0.0231109
7 6 0.0158096 18 7 0.0207066 14 1 0.0248664
8 6 0.0424561 19 7 0.0281659 15 1 0.0266187
9 7 0.020692 20 7 0.0372498 16 1 0.0283679
10 7 0.0459876 20 8 0.0112958 17 1 0.0301139
11 8 0.0238511 25 8 0.0448786 18 1 0.0318568
12 8 0.0474354 25 9 0.0157697 19 1 0.0335966
12 9 0.0120589 30 10 0.0197882 20 1 0.0353332
13 9 0.0257645 35 11 0.0232822 25 1 0.0439697
14 9 0.0475935 40 12 0.0262638 30 2 0.00135845
14 10 0.0136372 40 13 0.0106313 35 2 0.00184705
15 10 0.0267926 45 13 0.0287765 40 2 0.00240696
16 10 0.0469393 45 14 0.0123555 45 2 0.00303684
16 11 0.0147045 50 14 0.030873 50 2 0.0037354
17 11 0.027193 50 15 0.0139159 60 2 0.00533346
18 11 0.0457719 60 16 0.0340222 70 2 0.00719112
18 12 0.01537 60 17 0.0165426 80 2 0.0092986
19 12 0.0271483 70 18 0.0360745 90 2 0.0116464
20 12 0.0442843 70 19 0.018562 100 2 0.0142253
20 13 0.0157243 80 20 0.03731 n = 70
25 15 0.0254766 80 22 0.0101998 1 1 0.000626579
30 17 0.0353252 90 22 0.037937 2 1 0.00125276
30 18 0.014883 90 24 0.0111926 3 1 0.00187856
35 19 0.0447976 100 24 0.0381097 4 1 0.00250396
35 20 0.0208872 100 26 0.0119708 5 1 0.00312897
40 22 0.0270159 n = 18 6 1 0.00375359
40 23 0.0124453 2 2 0.0225284 7 1 0.00437782
45 24 0.0330817 3 3 0.00338139 8 1 0.00500165
45 25 0.0163494 4 3 0.012003 9 1 0.0056251
50 26 0.0389734 5 3 0.0266581 10 1 0.00624815
50 27 0.0203784 6 3 0.0474171 11 1 0.00687081
60 31 0.0284778 7 4 0.0121307 12 1 0.00749309
60 32 0.0152957 8 4 0.0213992 13 1 0.00811497
70 35 0.036303 9 4 0.034003 14 1 0.00873647
70 37 0.0114628 10 5 0.0099009 15 1 0.00935757
80 39 0.0436547 11 5 0.0159302 16 1 0.00997829
80 41 0.0154372 12 5 0.0239828 17 1 0.0105986
90 44 0.0319837 13 5 0.0342486 18 1 0.0112185
90 46 0.0114326 14 5 0.0468514 19 1 0.0118381
100 48 0.0371831 14 6 0.0115636 20 1 0.0124573
100 50 0.0143966 15 6 0.0168601 25 1 0.0155473
n = 10 16 6 0.0236124 30 1 0.0186276
3 3 0.0423912 17 6 0.0319598 35 1 0.0216983
4 4 0.0147809 18 6 0.0420103 40 1 0.0247593
5 5 0.00515378 18 7 0.0118588 45 1 0.0278108
6 5 0.0219376 19 7 0.0163844 50 1 0.0308528
7 6 0.0088196 20 7 0.0220059 60 1 0.0369082
8 6 0.0248285 25 8 0.025556 70 1 0.0429257
9 7 0.0109259 30 9 0.0278812 80 1 0.0489057
10 7 0.0254685 35 10 0.0292976 90 2 0.00151573
11 7 0.0491482 35 11 0.0110276 100 2 0.0018656
11 8 0.0119372 40 11 0.0300456 n = 80
12 8 0.0249119 40 12 0.0120273 1 1 0.000218475
13 8 0.0451935 45 12 0.0303026 2 1 0.000436901
13 9 0.0122359 45 13 0.0127476 3 1 0.00065528
14 9 0.0237275 50 13 0.0301993 4 1 0.000873612
15 9 0.0411919 50 14 0.0132358 5 1 0.0010919
15 10 0.0120845 60 15 0.0292736 6 1 0.00131013
16 10 0.0222336 60 16 0.0136774 7 1 0.00152832
17 10 0.037343 70 17 0.0277833 8 1 0.00174646
17 11 0.0116571 70 18 0.0136168 9 1 0.00196455
18 11 0.0206132 80 18 0.0482052 10 1 0.0021826
19 11 0.0337382 80 20 0.0132371 11 1 0.0024006
19 12 0.0110678 90 20 0.043685 12 1 0.00261855
20 12 0.0189725 90 22 0.0126621 13 1 0.00283645
25 14 0.0246184 100 22 0.0395165 14 1 0.0030543
30 16 0.029028 100 24 0.0119749 15 1 0.00327211
30 17 0.011866 n = 19 16 1 0.00348987
35 18 0.0323827 2 2 0.018248 17 1 0.00370758
35 19 0.0143941 3 2 0.0498139 18 1 0.00392525
40 20 0.0348791 4 3 0.00886117 19 1 0.00414286
40 21 0.0165219 5 3 0.0199254 20 1 0.00436043
45 22 0.0366886 6 3 0.0358747 25 1 0.00544757
45 23 0.0182724 7 4 0.00828508 30 1 0.00653351
50 24 0.0379508 8 4 0.0148073 35 1 0.00761828
50 25 0.0196852 9 4 0.023833 40 1 0.00870185
60 28 0.0392555 10 4 0.0355429 45 1 0.00978425
60 30 0.0112777 11 5 0.0102229 50 1 0.0108655
70 32 0.0394335 12 5 0.0155977 60 1 0.0130243
70 34 0.0125115 13 5 0.0225709 70 1 0.0151785
80 36 0.0388898 14 5 0.0312826 80 1 0.017328
80 38 0.0133131 15 5 0.0418315 90 1 0.0194728
90 40 0.0378858 15 6 0.0101849 100 1 0.0216129
90 42 0.0137741 16 6 0.0144599 n = 90
100 44 0.0365932 17 6 0.0198381 1 1 0.0000761773
100 46 0.0139722 18 6 0.0264279 2 1 0.000152349
n = 11 19 6 0.0343198 3 1 0.000228515
3 3 0.0309032 20 6 0.0435833 4 1 0.000304675
4 4 0.00969774 20 7 0.0127048 5 1 0.000380829
5 4 0.0363157 25 7 0.0430687 6 1 0.000456977
6 5 0.0134845 25 8 0.0141187 7 1 0.00053312
7 5 0.0349785 30 8 0.041401 8 1 0.000609256
8 6 0.01433 30 9 0.014754 9 1 0.000685387
9 6 0.0316092 35 9 0.0391628 10 1 0.000761512
10 7 0.0138239 35 10 0.0148617 11 1 0.000837632
11 7 0.027777 40 10 0.0366742 12 1 0.000913745
12 7 0.0488407 40 11 0.0146196 13 1 0.000989853
12 8 0.0127315 45 11 0.0341162 14 1 0.00106595
13 8 0.0240629 45 12 0.0141511 15 1 0.00114205
14 8 0.0409099 50 12 0.0315923 16 1 0.00121814
14 9 0.0114277 50 13 0.0135415 17 1 0.00129423
15 9 0.0206795 60 14 0.0268555 18 1 0.0013703
16 9 0.0342835 60 15 0.0121161 19 1 0.00144638
16 10 0.0100987 70 15 0.0451032 20 1 0.00152244
17 10 0.0176881 70 17 0.0106274 25 1 0.00190269
18 10 0.0287547 80 17 0.0370987 30 1 0.0022828
19 10 0.0439422 80 18 0.0190654 35 1 0.00266276
19 11 0.0150859 90 19 0.0305818 40 1 0.00304257
20 11 0.0241413 90 20 0.0159993 45 1 0.00342224
25 13 0.0255024 100 20 0.0451742 50 1 0.00380177
30 15 0.0256124 100 22 0.0134107 60 1 0.00456038
30 16 0.010219 n = 20 70 1 0.00531842
35 17 0.0249861 2 2 0.0147809 80 1 0.00607589
35 18 0.0106588 3 2 0.0407486 90 1 0.00683277
40 18 0.0488432 4 3 0.00653262 100 1 0.00758908
40 20 0.0107471 5 3 0.0148524 n = 100
45 20 0.0448118 6 3 0.0270328 1 1 0.0000265614
45 22 0.0105931 7 3 0.0430821 2 1 0.0000531221
50 22 0.0410026 8 4 0.0101865 3 1 0.0000796821
50 24 0.0102767 9 4 0.0165854 4 1 0.000106241
60 26 0.0341653 10 4 0.0250169 5 1 0.0001328
60 27 0.0184311 11 4 0.0355975 6 1 0.000159358
70 29 0.0485584 12 4 0.048377 7 1 0.000185915
70 31 0.0157596 12 5 0.0100384 8 1 0.000212471
80 33 0.0396129 13 5 0.0146995 9 1 0.000239027
80 35 0.0133681 14 5 0.0206136 10 1 0.000265582
90 37 0.0324078 15 5 0.0278868 11 1 0.000292137
90 39 0.0112835 16 5 0.0365989 12 1 0.00031869
100 40 0.0421214 17 5 0.0468029 13 1 0.000345243
100 42 0.0161765 17 6 0.0121094 14 1 0.000371795
n = 12 18 6 0.0163274 15 1 0.000398347
3 3 0.0225284 19 6 0.0214575 16 1 0.000424898
4 4 0.00636269 20 6 0.0275734 17 1 0.000451448
5 4 0.0246254 25 7 0.025895 18 1 0.000477997
6 5 0.00824442 30 8 0.0236812 19 1 0.000504546
7 5 0.0221238 35 9 0.0213284 20 1 0.000531094
8 5 0.0453625 40 9 0.047561 25 1 0.000663823
9 6 0.0186819 40 10 0.019029 30 1 0.000796535
10 6 0.0356365 45 10 0.0409705 35 1 0.000929229
11 7 0.0153596 45 11 0.016874 40 1 0.00106191
12 7 0.0279586 50 11 0.0353254 45 1 0.00119456
13 7 0.0460399 50 12 0.0149016 50 1 0.00132721
13 8 0.0124603 60 13 0.026336 60 1 0.00159244
14 8 0.0219442 60 14 0.0115326 70 1 0.0018576
15 8 0.0355549 70 14 0.0406675 80 1 0.00212268
15 9 0.0100348 70 15 0.0197048 90 1 0.0023877
16 9 0.0172424 80 16 0.0301138 100 1 0.00265265
17 9 0.0275864 80 17 0.0147909
18 9 0.0416067 90 17 0.0425297

Appendix 2.
P values for detecting polymorphism in seemingly fixed diagnostic characters, assuming a frequency cut-off of p = 0.05, and given different numbers of characters sampled (c), characters found to diagnostic and apparently fixed (k), and sample sizes (n). If the P value lies below the predetermined alpha (e.g., 0.05), then the hypothesis that at least one of the seemingly fixed diagnostic characters is either fixed or has the foreign trait at a frequency below 0.05 can be accepted.
c k p c k p c k p
n = 2 14 11 0.0148016 5 3 0.0351572
30 30 0.0460698 15 11 0.0323317 6 4 0.00858998
35 35 0.0275837 16 12 0.0195019 7 4 0.0174147
40 40 0.0165154 17 12 0.0385225 8 4 0.0302932
45 45 0.00988836 17 13 0.0115766 9 4 0.0474765
50 49 0.0379012 18 13 0.0240604 10 5 0.0152353
n = 3 19 13 0.0441609 11 5 0.0241598
20 20 0.0460698 19 14 0.0147833 12 5 0.0358549
25 25 0.0213437 20 14 0.0283937 13 6 0.0124484
30 30 0.00988836 25 17 0.0240095 14 6 0.0187654
35 34 0.0312542 30 19 0.0459999 15 6 0.02696
40 39 0.0162451 30 20 0.0199526 16 6 0.0372103
45 43 0.0352825 35 22 0.036598 17 6 0.0496437
50 48 0.0196875 35 23 0.0164339 17 7 0.0144158
n = 4 40 25 0.0292072 18 7 0.0202666
15 15 0.0460698 40 26 0.0134699 19 7 0.0275852
16 16 0.0375241 45 27 0.0456481 20 7 0.0365051
17 17 0.0305636 45 29 0.0110101 20 8 0.0110197
18 18 0.0248943 50 30 0.0362724 25 8 0.0439244
19 19 0.0202765 50 31 0.0187463 25 9 0.0153649
20 20 0.0165154 60 35 0.0414838 30 9 0.0496000
25 24 0.0396287 60 37 0.0121325 30 10 0.0192566
30 29 0.0166231 70 40 0.0452461 35 11 0.0226298
35 33 0.0303052 70 42 0.0149042 40 12 0.025498
40 37 0.0456218 80 45 0.0478967 40 13 0.0102745
40 38 0.0137917 80 47 0.0172603 45 13 0.0279055
45 42 0.0225088 90 50 0.0496958 45 14 0.0119274
50 46 0.0324908 n = 16 50 14 0.0299047
50 47 0.0107761 4 4 0.0375241 50 15 0.0134188
n = 5 5 5 0.0165154 60 16 0.0328824
12 12 0.0460698 6 6 0.00726886 60 17 0.0159167
13 13 0.0356479 7 6 0.0316867 70 18 0.0347909
14 14 0.0275837 8 7 0.0157373 70 19 0.0178216
15 15 0.0213437 9 7 0.0438163 80 20 0.0359066
16 16 0.0165154 10 8 0.023604 80 21 0.0192222
17 17 0.0127793 11 9 0.012484 90 22 0.0364343
18 18 0.00988836 12 9 0.0304294 90 24 0.0106532
19 19 0.00765143 13 10 0.0170332 100 24 0.0365254
20 19 0.0405385 14 10 0.0361953 100 26 0.0113708
25 24 0.0136456 15 11 0.0211756 n = 40
30 28 0.0213887 16 11 0.0410073 2 2 0.0165154
35 32 0.0285127 16 12 0.0121612 3 2 0.0453013
40 36 0.0348384 17 12 0.0248572 4 3 0.00767143
40 37 0.0114357 18 12 0.0449968 5 3 0.0173432
45 40 0.0403634 18 13 0.0147873 6 3 0.0313913
45 41 0.0149915 19 13 0.0280833 7 3 0.0497554
50 44 0.0451498 20 13 0.0482886 8 4 0.0124125
50 45 0.0183883 20 14 0.0172035 9 4 0.0200909
n = 6 25 16 0.0353751 10 4 0.0301284
10 10 0.0460698 25 17 0.0134817 11 4 0.0426249
11 11 0.0338655 30 19 0.0260407 12 5 0.0126759
12 12 0.0248943 30 20 0.0103958 13 5 0.0184491
13 13 0.0182996 35 21 0.0418392 14 5 0.0257165
14 14 0.0134519 35 22 0.0192516 15 5 0.0345834
15 15 0.00988836 40 24 0.030639 16 5 0.0451207
16 15 0.049181 40 25 0.0142851 16 6 0.0114014
17 16 0.0380781 45 26 0.0441339 17 6 0.0157347
18 17 0.0294064 45 28 0.0106335 18 6 0.0210847
19 18 0.0226569 50 29 0.032611 19 6 0.0275404
20 19 0.0174198 50 30 0.0166952 20 6 0.0351757
25 23 0.0223086 60 34 0.0330119 25 7 0.0339577
30 27 0.0252584 60 35 0.0180024 25 8 0.0105593
35 31 0.0268703 70 39 0.032475 30 8 0.0319054
40 35 0.0275685 70 41 0.0100501 30 9 0.0107863
45 39 0.0276429 80 44 0.031384 35 9 0.0295105
45 40 0.0103929 80 46 0.0104844 35 10 0.0106244
50 43 0.0272922 90 48 0.0474279 40 10 0.0270303
50 44 0.0109295 90 50 0.0182162 40 11 0.0102228
n = 7 n = 17 45 11 0.0246009
9 9 0.0394991 4 4 0.0305636 50 11 0.0498931
10 10 0.0275837 5 5 0.0127793 50 12 0.0222929
11 11 0.0192627 6 5 0.0499593 60 13 0.0391355
12 12 0.0134519 7 6 0.0239981 60 14 0.0181565
13 13 0.00939395 8 7 0.0113341 70 15 0.0307909
14 13 0.0462334 9 7 0.0325145 70 16 0.0146933
15 14 0.0342655 10 8 0.0166688 80 16 0.046708
16 15 0.0253108 11 8 0.0387535 80 18 0.0118504
17 16 0.0186406 12 9 0.0210839 90 18 0.0365304
18 17 0.0136914 13 9 0.0432479 90 19 0.0192158
19 17 0.0447973 13 10 0.0112332 100 20 0.0286901
19 18 0.0100318 14 10 0.0246192 100 21 0.0152333
20 18 0.0343099 15 10 0.0464285 n = 45
25 22 0.0319926 15 11 0.0137145 2 2 0.00988836
30 26 0.0288917 16 11 0.0273929 3 2 0.0276985
35 30 0.0256569 17 11 0.0486174 4 3 0.00363987
40 34 0.0225653 17 12 0.0158159 5 3 0.00842466
45 37 0.0448566 18 12 0.0295309 6 3 0.0156063
45 38 0.0197295 19 13 0.0175602 7 3 0.0253076
50 41 0.038139 20 13 0.0311457 8 3 0.0375388
50 42 0.0171857 20 14 0.0102449 9 4 0.00816565
60 49 0.0277074 25 16 0.0210266 10 4 0.012547
60 50 0.0129554 30 18 0.0341578 11 4 0.0181836
n = 8 30 19 0.0142784 12 4 0.0251632
8 8 0.0375241 35 20 0.0486531 13 4 0.033544
9 9 0.0248943 35 21 0.0229413 14 4 0.0433556
10 10 0.0165154 40 23 0.032912 15 5 0.0124298
11 11 0.0109566 40 24 0.0155269 16 5 0.0166233
12 12 0.00726886 45 25 0.0437873 17 5 0.0216587
13 12 0.0366274 45 27 0.010572 18 5 0.0275887
14 13 0.0259225 50 28 0.0301362 19 5 0.0344548
15 14 0.0182743 50 29 0.0153133 20 5 0.0422869
16 15 0.0128379 60 32 0.0474712 20 6 0.0109582
17 15 0.0416908 60 34 0.0143904 25 6 0.032603
18 16 0.0306847 70 37 0.0406526 30 7 0.0251266
19 17 0.0224703 70 39 0.01316 35 8 0.0193842
20 18 0.0163795 80 42 0.0347637 40 8 0.0407308
25 21 0.0430913 80 44 0.0118358 40 9 0.0149764
25 22 0.0137143 90 46 0.0470633 45 9 0.0309995
30 25 0.0327217 90 49 0.01053 45 10 0.0115896
30 26 0.0111446 n = 18 50 10 0.0236988
35 29 0.024943 4 4 0.0248943 60 11 0.0330162
40 32 0.0441908 5 5 0.00988836 60 12 0.0139961
40 33 0.0190778 6 5 0.0396912 70 12 0.0424988
45 36 0.0335017 7 6 0.0181335 70 13 0.0196234
45 37 0.0146347 8 6 0.0481041 80 14 0.0256379
50 40 0.0255144 9 7 0.0240163 80 15 0.0117658
50 41 0.0112551 10 8 0.0117146 90 15 0.0318685
60 47 0.0304257 11 8 0.0280027 90 16 0.0155493
60 48 0.0149574 12 9 0.0145026 100 16 0.03819
n = 9 13 9 0.0305898 100 17 0.0196099
7 7 0.0394991 14 10 0.0165829 n = 50
8 8 0.0248943 15 10 0.0321614 2 2 0.00592053
9 9 0.0156896 16 11 0.0180756 3 2 0.0168505
10 10 0.00988836 17 11 0.0329959 4 2 0.0319839
11 10 0.0464507 18 12 0.0190965 5 3 0.00404594
12 11 0.0315798 19 12 0.0332934 6 3 0.00762875
13 12 0.0213555 19 13 0.010815 7 3 0.0125894
14 13 0.0143746 20 13 0.0197437 8 3 0.019
15 13 0.0451725 25 15 0.0322305 9 3 0.0268898
16 14 0.032033 25 16 0.0122141 10 3 0.0362533
17 15 0.0225689 30 17 0.0450107 11 3 0.047057
18 16 0.0158088 30 18 0.0196681 12 4 0.0104914
19 16 0.041372 35 20 0.0277824 13 4 0.0142428
19 17 0.0110157 35 21 0.0121311 14 4 0.0187443
20 17 0.0301477 40 22 0.0361603 15 4 0.0240327
25 21 0.020243 40 23 0.0172796 16 4 0.0301346
30 24 0.037079 45 24 0.0445487 17 4 0.0370668
30 25 0.0136705 45 26 0.0108122 18 4 0.0448367
35 28 0.0247434 50 27 0.0286209 19 5 0.0125624
40 31 0.0381656 50 28 0.0144624 20 5 0.015708
40 32 0.0166414 60 31 0.0404354 25 5 0.0391402
45 35 0.025911 60 33 0.0118287 25 6 0.0102472
45 36 0.0112609 70 36 0.031122 30 6 0.024731
50 38 0.0367455 70 37 0.01769 35 6 0.0488333
50 39 0.0176647 80 40 0.0398615 35 7 0.0157931
60 45 0.0342653 80 42 0.0138862 40 7 0.0313641
60 46 0.0175715 90 44 0.0485038 40 8 0.0101658
n = 10 90 47 0.0109032 45 8 0.0202746
6 6 0.0460698 100 49 0.0373614 50 8 0.0360239
7 7 0.0275837 100 50 0.0236909 50 9 0.0131743
8 8 0.0165154 n = 19 60 9 0.0391926
9 9 0.00988836 4 4 0.0202765 60 10 0.0156424
10 9 0.0455989 5 5 0.00765143 70 10 0.0412549
11 10 0.0296774 6 5 0.0314721 70 11 0.0175998
12 11 0.0191914 7 6 0.0136739 80 11 0.0424958
13 12 0.0123422 8 6 0.0371807 80 12 0.01911
14 12 0.0389977 9 7 0.0176654 90 12 0.0431241
15 13 0.0265192 10 7 0.0397579 90 13 0.0202416
16 14 0.0178984 11 8 0.0201068 100 13 0.0432934
17 14 0.0454268 12 8 0.0404991 100 14 0.0210579
17 15 0.0119995 13 9 0.0214533 n = 60
18 15 0.0320137 14 9 0.0401395 1 1 0.0460698
19 16 0.0223765 14 10 0.011072 2 2 0.00212243
20 16 0.0497845 15 10 0.0220408 3 2 0.00617172
20 17 0.0155245 16 10 0.0391149 4 2 0.0119658
25 20 0.0285348 16 11 0.0117963 5 2 0.0193354
30 23 0.0422641 17 11 0.0221051 6 2 0.028123
30 24 0.0166093 18 11 0.0376934 7 2 0.0381823
35 27 0.025069 18 12 0.0121852 8 2 0.0493774
40 30 0.0339997 19 12 0.0218108 9 3 0.00665982
40 31 0.0149628 20 12 0.036045 10 3 0.0091901
45 33 0.0430534 20 13 0.0123214 11 3 0.0122072
45 34 0.0207316 25 14 0.0486281 12 3 0.0157249
50 37 0.0268602 25 15 0.0197734 13 3 0.0197517
50 38 0.0126575 30 17 0.0271679 14 3 0.0242914
60 43 0.0395795 30 18 0.0110178 15 3 0.0293437
60 45 0.0103984 35 19 0.0341511 16 3 0.0349047
70 50 0.0302715 35 20 0.0153318 17 3 0.0409674
n = 11 40 21 0.0405853 18 3 0.0475219
6 6 0.0338655 40 22 0.0196676 19 4 0.0100069
7 7 0.0192627 45 23 0.0464375 20 4 0.0120592
8 8 0.0109566 45 25 0.0113655 25 4 0.0262497
9 8 0.0487526 50 26 0.0279263 30 4 0.0474947
10 9 0.0304178 50 27 0.0140585 30 5 0.0112765
11 10 0.0188302 60 30 0.0352992 35 5 0.0212658
12 11 0.01158 60 32 0.0100066 40 5 0.0357344
13 11 0.0363233 70 34 0.0416967 45 6 0.0166511
14 12 0.0237142 70 36 0.0134957 50 6 0.0267827
15 13 0.0153467 80 38 0.0471751 60 7 0.0200739
16 13 0.0391437 80 40 0.016885 70 7 0.0421171
17 14 0.0265145 90 43 0.0328959 70 8 0.0150653
18 15 0.0177916 90 45 0.0117879 80 8 0.0310379
19 15 0.0401186 100 47 0.0364849 80 9 0.0113257
19 16 0.0118377 100 49 0.0140516 90 9 0.0230023
20 16 0.0279239 n = 20 100 9 0.0414475
25 19 0.0391209 3 3 0.0460698 100 10 0.0171243
25 20 0.0139717 4 4 0.0165154 n = 70
30 22 0.0485912 5 5 0.00592053 1 1 0.0275837
30 23 0.0201522 6 5 0.024911 2 2 0.00076086
35 26 0.0259469 7 6 0.0102918 3 2 0.00224061
35 27 0.010462 8 6 0.0286346 4 2 0.004399
40 29 0.0312038 9 7 0.0129451 5 2 0.00719747
40 30 0.0138559 10 7 0.0298185 6 2 0.0105991
45 32 0.0358907 11 8 0.0143549 7 2 0.0145684
45 33 0.0171455 12 8 0.0295994 8 2 0.0190716
50 35 0.0400293 13 9 0.01493 9 2 0.024076
50 36 0.0202546 14 9 0.0286029 10 2 0.0295508
60 41 0.0468402 15 9 0.0490693 11 2 0.0354661
60 43 0.0132567 15 10 0.0149586 12 2 0.0417934
70 48 0.0304468 16 10 0.0271868 13 2 0.0485055
70 49 0.0168097 17 10 0.0451172 14 3 0.00608012
n = 12 17 11 0.0146355 15 3 0.00744541
5 5 0.0460698 18 11 0.0255628 16 3 0.00897729
6 6 0.0248943 19 11 0.0413352 17 3 0.0106797
7 7 0.0134519 19 12 0.0140919 18 3 0.0125559
8 8 0.00726886 20 12 0.0238582 19 3 0.0146084
9 8 0.0339973 25 14 0.0314299 20 3 0.0168391
10 9 0.0201762 25 15 0.0118883 25 3 0.0306921
11 10 0.0118779 30 16 0.037605 30 3 0.0489851
12 10 0.0365401 30 17 0.0159742 35 4 0.0153348
13 11 0.0229372 35 18 0.0425506 40 4 0.0240304
14 12 0.0142504 35 19 0.0196511 45 4 0.0351958
15 12 0.0361559 40 20 0.0464701 50 4 0.048904
16 13 0.0235701 40 22 0.010306 50 5 0.0120821
17 14 0.0151998 45 22 0.0495483 60 5 0.0248993
18 14 0.0344224 45 24 0.0122686 70 5 0.0442037
19 15 0.0230625 50 25 0.0279823 70 6 0.0128311
20 15 0.0463886 50 26 0.0140591 80 6 0.023376
20 16 0.0152871 60 29 0.0316074 90 6 0.038565
25 19 0.0205501 60 30 0.0170964 90 7 0.0123999
30 22 0.0245303 70 33 0.0340781 100 7 0.0210227
35 25 0.0274304 70 35 0.0105542 n = 80
35 26 0.0113949 80 37 0.0356732 1 1 0.0165154
40 28 0.0294714 80 39 0.0120691 2 1 0.032758
40 29 0.0132042 90 41 0.0366076 3 1 0.0487324
45 31 0.0308419 90 43 0.0132807 4 2 0.00160073
45 32 0.0146458 100 45 0.0370429 5 2 0.00263859
50 34 0.031692 100 47 0.0142222 6 2 0.00391449
50 35 0.0157624 n = 25 7 2 0.00542029
60 40 0.032273 3 3 0.0213437 8 2 0.00714804
60 41 0.0172038 4 4 0.00592053 9 2 0.00909
70 46 0.0318697 5 4 0.0230335 10 2 0.0112386
70 47 0.0178549 6 5 0.00757598 11 2 0.0135865
n = 13 7 5 0.0204392 12 2 0.0161266
5 5 0.0356479 8 5 0.0421278 13 2 0.0188518
6 6 0.0182996 9 6 0.017052 14 2 0.0217554
7 7 0.00939395 10 6 0.0327025 15 2 0.0248307
8 7 0.0413954 11 7 0.0138538 16 2 0.0280712
9 8 0.0235968 12 7 0.0253563 17 2 0.0314706
10 9 0.013318 13 7 0.04198 18 2 0.0350229
11 9 0.0397008 13 8 0.0111074 19 2 0.038722
12 10 0.0240082 14 8 0.0196712 20 2 0.0425622
13 11 0.0143414 15 8 0.0320477 25 3 0.00789548
14 11 0.035845 16 8 0.0488165 30 3 0.0131122
15 12 0.022526 16 9 0.0152788 35 3 0.0198921
16 12 0.0481656 17 9 0.0245818 40 3 0.0282665
16 13 0.0139795 18 9 0.0372798 45 3 0.0382267
17 13 0.0315287 18 10 0.0118839 50 3 0.0497321
18 14 0.0203604 19 10 0.0189284 60 4 0.0174355
19 14 0.0409997 20 10 0.0286003 70 4 0.0288424
19 15 0.0129892 25 12 0.024602 80 4 0.0438087
20 15 0.0273682 30 13 0.0483274 80 5 0.0106208
25 18 0.0295053 30 14 0.0207943 90 5 0.0169875
25 19 0.010461 35 15 0.0390922 100 5 0.0254777
30 21 0.0300332 35 16 0.0174129 n = 90
30 22 0.0118734 40 17 0.0317 1 1 0.00988836
35 24 0.029606 40 18 0.0145046 2 1 0.0196789
35 25 0.0126393 45 19 0.0257638 3 1 0.0293727
40 27 0.0286171 45 20 0.0120449 4 1 0.0389706
40 28 0.0129396 50 20 0.0410367 5 1 0.0484736
45 30 0.0273081 50 21 0.0209818 6 2 0.00142845
45 31 0.012913 60 23 0.0487721 7 2 0.00198669
50 32 0.0487187 60 25 0.0139895 8 2 0.00263153
50 34 0.0126616 70 27 0.0321783 9 2 0.0033612
60 38 0.0411387 70 28 0.0178369 10 2 0.00417397
60 40 0.0117594 80 30 0.0367492 11 2 0.00506811
70 44 0.0346297 80 32 0.0119067 12 2 0.00604194
70 46 0.0106089 90 33 0.0406835 13 2 0.00709379
80 49 0.0477126 90 35 0.0143321 14 2 0.00822204
80 50 0.0291142 100 36 0.0440485 15 2 0.00942505
n = 14 100 38 0.0166127 16 2 0.0107013
5 5 0.0275837 n = 30 17 2 0.0120491
6 6 0.0134519 2 2 0.0460698 18 2 0.013467
7 7 0.00656014 3 3 0.00988836 19 2 0.0149534
8 7 0.0300866 4 3 0.0331862 20 2 0.0165069
9 8 0.0163115 5 4 0.00878991 25 2 0.0252298
10 8 0.0465415 6 4 0.0218809 30 2 0.0354179
11 9 0.027182 7 4 0.0424431 35 2 0.0469088
12 10 0.0156429 8 5 0.0141827 40 3 0.0072713
13 10 0.0381523 9 5 0.0263143 45 3 0.0100693
14 11 0.0231605 10 5 0.0434641 50 3 0.0134115
15 11 0.0487494 11 6 0.0165265 60 3 0.021779
15 12 0.0138555 12 6 0.0271266 70 3 0.0324174
16 12 0.0308724 13 6 0.0413978 80 3 0.0452928
17 13 0.0192481 13 7 0.0104768 90 4 0.0124651
18 13 0.0385222 14 7 0.0171137 100 4 0.0177144
18 14 0.011835 15 7 0.0262352 n = 100
19 14 0.0248497 16 7 0.0381747 1 1 0.00592053
20 14 0.0459643 16 8 0.0108844 2 1 0.011806
20 15 0.0158006 17 8 0.016742 3 1 0.0176566
25 17 0.0416455 18 8 0.0245625 4 1 0.0234726
25 18 0.0160219 19 8 0.0346129 5 1 0.0292542
30 20 0.0370311 19 9 0.0107432 6 1 0.0350015
30 21 0.0153621 20 8 0.0471105 7 1 0.0407148
35 23 0.032602 20 9 0.0158665 8 1 0.0463943
35 24 0.014281 25 10 0.0277439 9 2 0.00122749
40 26 0.0285405 30 11 0.0412777 10 2 0.00152833
40 27 0.0130292 30 12 0.0165878 11 2 0.00186061
45 28 0.0484805 35 13 0.0249157 12 2 0.00222396
45 30 0.0117439 35 14 0.0100248 13 2 0.002618
50 31 0.0414684 40 14 0.0342752 14 2 0.00304234
50 33 0.0104989 40 15 0.0151618 15 2 0.00349662
60 37 0.0304891 45 15 0.0443633 16 2 0.00398047
60 38 0.0163858 45 16 0.0211702 17 2 0.00449352
70 42 0.0389582 50 17 0.0278999 18 2 0.0050354
70 44 0.0123625 50 18 0.0131207 19 2 0.00560577
80 47 0.046878 60 19 0.0429776 20 2 0.00620425
80 49 0.016737 60 21 0.0110511 25 2 0.00960628
n = 15 70 22 0.0337529 30 2 0.0136598
4 4 0.0460698 70 23 0.0180982 35 2 0.0183237
5 5 0.0213437 80 24 0.046324 40 2 0.0235588
6 6 0.00988836 80 26 0.0145219 45 2 0.0293278
7 6 0.0417314 90 27 0.0362691 50 2 0.0355949
8 7 0.0217926 90 29 0.0116448 60 2 0.0494886
9 8 0.0112354 100 29 0.046849 70 3 0.00845656
10 8 0.033245 100 31 0.0166555 80 3 0.012152
11 9 0.0184791 n = 35 90 3 0.0166384
12 9 0.0435625 2 2 0.0275837 100 3 0.0219322
12 10 0.010118 3 3 0.00458119
13 10 0.0256125 4 3 0.0160422

Appendix 3.
P values for detecting polymorphism in seemingly fixed diagnostic characters, assuming a frequency cut-off of p = 0.01, and given different numbers of characters sampled (c), characters found to diagnostic and apparenlty fixed (k), and sample sizes (n). If the P value lies below the predetermined alpha (e.g., 0.05), then the hypothesis that at least one of the putatively fixed diagnostic characters is either fixed or has the foreign trait at a frequency below 0.01 can be accepted.
c k p c k p c k p
n = 6 50 44 0.0130948 11 9 0.030296
50 50 0.0490409 n = 35 12 10 0.0176828
n = 7 9 9 0.042178 13 10 0.0426488
45 45 0.042178 10 10 0.02967 13 11 0.010193
50 50 0.02967 11 11 0.0208713 14 11 0.0262534
n = 8 12 12 0.0146819 15 12 0.0159276
40 40 0.0401109 13 13 0.0103279 16 12 0.0350885
45 45 0.0268331 14 14 0.00726516 17 13 0.0221827
50 50 0.0179506 15 14 0.0374282 18 13 0.0438961
n = 9 16 15 0.0278443 18 14 0.0138314
35 35 0.042178 17 16 0.0206532 19 14 0.0287086
40 40 0.0268331 18 17 0.0152784 20 15 0.0185092
45 45 0.0170708 19 17 0.0493063 25 17 0.0484491
50 50 0.0108602 19 18 0.0112751 25 18 0.0191146
n = 10 20 18 0.038028 30 20 0.0438547
30 30 0.0490409 25 22 0.0359638 30 21 0.0186578
35 35 0.02967 30 26 0.0329286 35 23 0.0392904
40 40 0.0179506 30 27 0.0103206 35 24 0.017652
45 45 0.0108602 35 30 0.02964 40 26 0.0349938
50 49 0.0413045 35 31 0.0101931 40 27 0.0163861
n = 11 40 34 0.0264185 45 29 0.0310565
30 30 0.0362756 45 38 0.0234051 45 30 0.0150248
35 35 0.0208713 50 41 0.0448824 50 32 0.0275018
40 40 0.0120084 50 42 0.0206555 50 33 0.0136617
45 44 0.0432533 60 49 0.0334525 60 37 0.0389881
50 49 0.0272094 60 50 0.0159787 60 39 0.0111155
n = 12 n = 40 70 43 0.0297841
25 25 0.0490409 8 8 0.0401109 70 44 0.0167577
30 30 0.0268331 9 9 0.0268331 80 48 0.0381478
35 35 0.0146819 10 10 0.0179506 80 50 0.0130617
40 39 0.049221 11 11 0.0120084 n = 80
45 44 0.0297486 12 12 0.00803329 4 4 0.0401109
50 49 0.0178185 13 12 0.0399442 5 5 0.0179506
n = 13 14 13 0.0285005 6 6 0.00803329
25 25 0.0381451 15 14 0.0202561 7 6 0.0346625
30 30 0.0198484 16 15 0.0143469 8 7 0.0174985
35 35 0.0103279 17 15 0.0459717 9 7 0.0482237
40 39 0.0353771 17 16 0.0101303 10 8 0.0263987
45 44 0.0203596 18 16 0.0341072 11 9 0.0141898
50 48 0.0463326 19 17 0.025178 12 9 0.0342237
50 49 0.0116094 20 18 0.0185019 13 10 0.019466
n = 14 25 21 0.048522 14 10 0.0409303
25 25 0.02967 25 22 0.0157793 14 11 0.0108802
30 30 0.0146819 30 25 0.0375109 15 11 0.0243284
35 34 0.0456831 30 26 0.0130567 16 11 0.0466177
40 39 0.0253216 35 29 0.0291042 16 12 0.0141969
45 44 0.013874 35 30 0.010638 17 12 0.0287059
50 48 0.0321461 40 33 0.0226545 18 13 0.01735
n = 15 45 36 0.0396109 19 13 0.0325961
20 20 0.0490409 45 37 0.0176838 19 14 0.0103134
25 25 0.023078 50 40 0.0306889 20 14 0.0202854
30 30 0.0108602 50 41 0.0138378 25 16 0.0416658
35 34 0.0342154 60 47 0.0370507 25 17 0.0163064
40 39 0.0180579 60 48 0.0186159 30 19 0.0314437
45 43 0.0390826 n = 45 30 20 0.012893
50 48 0.0221387 7 7 0.042178 35 22 0.0238252
n = 16 8 8 0.0268331 35 23 0.0101097
19 19 0.0471085 9 9 0.0170708 40 24 0.0378364
20 20 0.0401109 10 10 0.0108602 40 25 0.0181159
25 25 0.0179506 11 11 0.0069091 45 27 0.0285449
30 30 0.00803329 12 11 0.034559 45 28 0.0138163
35 34 0.0255466 13 12 0.0235851 50 29 0.0411502
40 39 0.0128361 14 13 0.0160218 50 31 0.0105649
45 43 0.028067 15 13 0.0497032 60 34 0.0425374
50 47 0.0486793 15 14 0.0108401 60 36 0.0125543
50 48 0.0151463 16 14 0.0355643 70 39 0.04271
n = 17 17 15 0.0252842 70 40 0.0250358
18 18 0.046171 18 16 0.0178722 70 41 0.0139404
19 19 0.0389196 19 16 0.0461647 80 44 0.0421111
20 20 0.032807 19 17 0.0125674 80 46 0.0148372
25 25 0.0139623 20 17 0.0339415 90 49 0.0410232
30 29 0.0391568 25 21 0.02331 90 50 0.0255976
35 34 0.0190207 30 24 0.0426984 n = 90
40 38 0.0382414 30 25 0.0160965 4 4 0.0268331
45 43 0.0200412 35 28 0.0291225 5 5 0.0108602
50 47 0.0350155 35 29 0.0111683 6 5 0.0431838
50 48 0.0103013 40 31 0.0448989 7 6 0.0200944
n = 18 40 32 0.0200173 8 7 0.0091918
17 17 0.046171 45 35 0.0311423 9 7 0.0268423
18 18 0.0385304 45 36 0.0138422 10 8 0.0133336
19 19 0.0321541 50 38 0.0441274 11 8 0.0315582
20 20 0.0268331 50 39 0.0216906 12 9 0.0166415
25 25 0.0108602 60 45 0.0419817 13 9 0.0347533
30 29 0.0305444 60 47 0.0106278 14 10 0.0191802
35 34 0.0141262 n = 50 15 10 0.0368284
40 38 0.0285159 6 6 0.0490409 15 11 0.010356
45 42 0.0464827 7 7 0.02967 16 11 0.0210703
45 43 0.0142367 8 8 0.0179506 17 11 0.0380778
50 47 0.0249956 9 9 0.0108602 17 12 0.0117934
n = 19 10 9 0.0494676 18 12 0.0224316
16 16 0.0471085 11 10 0.0325235 19 12 0.0387152
17 17 0.0389196 12 11 0.0212471 19 13 0.0129327
18 18 0.0321541 13 12 0.0138046 20 13 0.0233677
19 19 0.0265647 14 12 0.0430725 25 15 0.0383239
20 20 0.0219469 15 13 0.0295851 25 16 0.0149344
25 25 0.00844729 16 14 0.0201697 30 18 0.0241454
30 29 0.0237744 17 15 0.0136596 35 20 0.0342382
35 33 0.0434312 18 15 0.0359787 35 21 0.0153737
35 34 0.0104672 19 16 0.0253996 40 22 0.0447271
40 38 0.0211682 20 17 0.0177991 40 23 0.0219736
45 42 0.034571 25 20 0.0328447 45 25 0.0291315
45 43 0.0100662 25 21 0.0107907 45 26 0.0141871
50 46 0.0499278 30 23 0.048827 50 27 0.0366338
50 47 0.0177196 30 24 0.0196298 50 28 0.0190339
n = 20 35 27 0.0297236 60 32 0.0298167
15 15 0.0490409 35 28 0.0118601 60 33 0.0161023
16 16 0.0401109 40 30 0.0404365 70 36 0.0414243
17 17 0.032807 40 31 0.0182076 70 38 0.01345
18 18 0.0268331 45 34 0.025297 80 41 0.033076
19 19 0.0219469 45 35 0.01121 80 43 0.0111521
20 20 0.0179506 50 37 0.0328623 90 45 0.0423759
25 24 0.0431406 50 38 0.0158468 90 47 0.0159296
30 29 0.018468 60 43 0.0486692 100 50 0.0338055
35 33 0.0337015 60 45 0.0133875 n = 100
40 38 0.0156492 70 50 0.0382521 3 3 0.0490409
45 42 0.0255553 n = 60 4 4 0.0179506
50 46 0.0369079 5 5 0.0490409 5 5 0.00657048
50 47 0.0124823 6 6 0.0268331 6 5 0.0273979
n = 25 7 7 0.0146819 7 6 0.0115532
12 12 0.0490409 8 8 0.00803329 8 6 0.031852
13 13 0.0381451 9 8 0.0371359 9 7 0.0146936
14 14 0.02967 10 9 0.0223096 10 7 0.0335352
15 15 0.023078 11 10 0.0132959 11 8 0.016471
16 16 0.0179506 12 10 0.0404213 12 8 0.0336476
17 17 0.0139623 13 11 0.025681 13 9 0.0173135
18 18 0.0108602 14 12 0.0161494 14 9 0.0328584
19 19 0.00844729 15 12 0.0404875 15 10 0.0175284
20 19 0.0441066 15 13 0.0100649 16 10 0.0315566
25 24 0.0152292 16 13 0.0267108 17 11 0.0173271
30 28 0.0239995 17 14 0.0174333 18 11 0.0299762
35 32 0.0321588 18 14 0.0390074 19 11 0.0480192
40 36 0.03949 18 15 0.0112693 19 12 0.016854
40 37 0.0132247 19 15 0.0264464 20 12 0.0282615
45 40 0.045975 20 16 0.0177408 25 14 0.0376174
45 41 0.0174194 25 19 0.0241146 25 15 0.014651
50 45 0.0214658 30 22 0.0290953 30 16 0.0454581
n = 30 30 23 0.0111722 30 17 0.0198791
10 10 0.0490409 35 25 0.032876 35 19 0.0246874
11 11 0.0362756 35 26 0.0139919 35 20 0.010612
12 12 0.0268331 40 28 0.0356836 40 21 0.0289945
13 13 0.0198484 40 29 0.0163786 40 22 0.0134567
14 14 0.0146819 45 31 0.0377173 45 23 0.0327959
15 15 0.0108602 45 32 0.0183479 45 24 0.0161627
16 16 0.00803329 50 34 0.0391387 50 25 0.0361207
17 16 0.0414903 50 35 0.0199407 50 26 0.0186846
18 17 0.0322371 60 40 0.0406279 60 29 0.0415115
19 18 0.02499 60 42 0.0113146 60 31 0.0121378
20 19 0.0193314 70 46 0.0408783 70 33 0.0455146
25 23 0.0250038 70 48 0.0127122 70 35 0.0149411
30 27 0.0285831 n = 70 80 37 0.0484331
35 31 0.0306929 5 5 0.02967 80 39 0.0173653
40 35 0.0317798 6 6 0.0146819 90 42 0.0319293
40 36 0.0112421 7 7 0.00726516 90 44 0.0113505
45 39 0.0321532 8 7 0.0329557 100 46 0.0336996
45 40 0.0123419 9 8 0.0181239 100 48 0.0127768
50 43 0.0320275 10 9 0.00986706