REF REC START END GENS L LOCATION A COMMENTS
110 25 166 167 N Obii G Betw. Brigetio (Szoeny, H; fig 1 A
p.59) & Arrabona in Pannonia RP.
From (Lower) Elbe R. R. Much says they are
possibly related to Ubii who had moved to
the Rhine R area.
900 681 500 # A Obodrites S W Mecklenburg Region, DDR. (For Q
more precise outline see ref 302,
yellow area labeled Obodriti.)
Date is compromise between this reference
and frontpaper of ref 14. Not known from
where they came, but these are Obodrites
in the Alfoeld (map 302). Into the area
vacated by Germanic tribes. This is an
aggregation of tribes incl. Obodriti
(sensu stricto), Vagrove, Varnove, Linane,
Brezane, Dosane, Drevane, Polabane, whose
separate locations can be found on map
302. Although Polabane is given as a
subgroup above, Polabians are given as a
major group consisting of Obodrites
(sensu lato) & Lutici (Wilcy) in E. Vana:
The World of Ancient Slavs says that while
Germanics left earlier, land was
unihabited for some time. He places
arrival of Slavs in 7th C. (Syn.
Abodrites).
900 682 500 1200 A Obodrites S {W Mecklenburg Region, DDR. (For L
more precise outline see ref 302,
yellow area labeled Obodriti.) }
*{900-681}*
Acc/to many refs, e.g. (14-24), and its
chronology. Start date for consistency
with (900-681), end date last mentioned
dates in ref 14 chronology. This is an
aggregation of tribes incl. Obodriti
(sensu stricto), Vagrove, Varnove, Linane,
Brezane, Dosane, Drevane, Polabane, whose
separate locations can be found on map 302.
900 684 800 1150 N Obodrites S Betw Tisza and Danube RR L
(Syn. Abodrites, Bodrici). This record is
a composite of (51-110), (51-38), and (302-
51). This may be population left behind
when rest of Obodrites moved N to nr Elbe
R & Baltic. Connected to Belobrodska
culture acc/to (51-110). *Location
acc/to (302-51).*
48 2 -2100 # A Ochre Grave U W & N coasts of Black Sea, also M
Caucasus.
From N of the Black Sea & wooded steppes.
This is a culture, but ref is quite
explicit that ochre-grave folk moved.
901 120 -2100 -1800 A Ochre Grave U {W & N coasts of Black Sea, also L
Caucasus} *{48-2}*
Culture. For consistency with (48-2). End
date suggested by ref.
39 40 -500 -480 A Odrysae P NW of Edirne (Adrianople), TR L
39 43 -480 -460 A Odrysae P From rt bk Athrys R & SE of rt bk C
Athrys R. (Modern Jantra) to Chora
R (of the Odessites). *(These are
the union of {39-41}* * and {39-
42}.)*
From NW of Edirne (Adrianople), TR. *{39-
40}*
900 282 -480 -342 A Odrysae P {NW of Edirne (Adrianople), TR} + L
{From rt bk Athrys R (modern
Jantra) to Chora R (of the
Odessites). (ref 40, fig 4)} + {SE
of rt bk Athrys R (modern Jantra)
to Chora R (of the Odessites).
(ref 40, fig 4)} *{39-40} + {39-
41} + {39-42}*
Subjugated by the Macedonians. *When
plotting this location, consider also
record* *(40-48) which may be more
complete.*
30 3 400 550 A Oestgoetar G Oestergoetland, S L
31 4 463 # N Oguri T Black Sea environs M
From the East.
31 8 463 600 A Oguri T {Black Sea environs} *{31-4}* I
By Huns to form mixed people sometimes
called Huns, sometimes Bulgars. (We shall
call them Bulgars.)
7 20 598 # N Oguri T Pannonia Q
From Black Sea environs. *{31-4}* 10K of
these joined the Avars to escape Turcic
tribes in C Asia.
389 10 -150 200 N Oksywia U E half of area betw Vistula and L
Oder RR, PL, see map 20a (12);
"Archeologicky Atlas Evropy A
Ceskoslovenska."
Culture name is "Oksywsk" on original map.
May be the culture of the Venedi, but not
clear that they are Slavic. End date
acc/to (13-13). Acc/to (13-13), part of
Brandgrubengraeberkultur.
305 1 -1700 -1400 A Old Bronze Age U Betw Rhine, Sava, Duna (Danube) L
and Odra (Oder) RR, D, DDR, A, CS,
PL, H, YU.
Culture.
388 1 -700 -600 N Old Iron Age U Ireland, see map 18a (1); L
"Archeologicky Atlas Evropy A
Ceskoslovenska."
Culture.
388 2 -700 -600 N Old Iron Age U GB, see map 18a (2); L
"Archeologicky Atlas Evropy A
Ceskoslovenska."
Local groups which developed from Bronze
Age ones. Culture.
11 40 500 600 A Old Turks T E of Volga R L
385 10 -1400 -1300 N OlderBronzeAge U N D, NL, see map 15a (8); L
"Archeologicky Atlas Evropy A
Ceskoslovenska."
Culture. Gens includes "Ilmenau-Lueneburg"
and "older Soegel" groups. Full name:
Older Bronze Age.
383 7 -1800 -1700 N Older Monteoru U Moldavia, E R, see map 13a (6); L
"Archeologicky Atlas Evropy A
Ceskoslovenska."
Culture. Continued as Monteoru (48-6).
31 5 463 # N Onoguri T N of Caucasus Mts M
From the East. (Location specified in this
record comes from (3-2)).
900 375 463 650 A Onoguri T N of Caucasus Mts L
Subjugated by Avars. Freed themselves
again ca. 625 (acc/to (3-2)).
26 19 -900 -800 A Onotri I S I, Map page 359 L
End date is conservative guess.
900 722 700 1000 A Opolini S Upper Odra (Oder) R, betw Nysa L
Klodzka & Upper Warta RR around
Opole (Oppeln) PL.
Start date acc/to (370-1), end date acc/to
(371-2). Will become part of Poles. (Syn.
Opolane).
27 137 -400 -300 A Ordovici K Britanny L
Dates approximate and to conform to (27-
143).
27 143 -300 -240 A Ordovici K Wales & Cheshire M
From Brittany *{27-137}*
900 950 -300 450 A Ordovici K {Cheshire} *{27-143}* L
Start date for consistency with (27-143).
End date: conservative guess before
amalgamation and Romanization. See also
map 26 in Geipel: the Europeans. Ref. 27
has them in Wales as late as 449 AD.
230 17 -800 50 A Oretani U Upper Andalusia (Sierra Morena) L
End date acc/to (231-17). These are
Iberians.
320 14 -550 -450 A Osci U Area S of Ofanto R, S I L
Presumably Italic speakers (Osco-Umbrian
speakers).
27 33 -400 -375 A Osi K NE of Danube knee, incl. adjoining M
areas of Slovakia
From Austria. Changed designation of
location to conform to (27-106) and (19-
17).
900 985 -400 50 A Osi K {NE of Danube knee, incl. L
adjoining areas of Slovakia} *{27-
33}*
Start date for consistency with (27-33).
End date acc/to (19-17). Ref 19 calls them
Pannonians, but refs 27 and 132 refer to
the Osi as Celts.
11 27 375 1970 N Ossetes R N slopes of Caucasus L
Descendants of the Alans.
1 24 240 362 N Ostrogoths G {NW of Black Sea State between L
Carpathians, Don R, Vistula R, Sea
of Azov, centered on lower Dnepr
R.} *{900-489}* See reference 1
for exact border between
Terwingians (W. Goths) and
Greuthungi (E. Goths).
For consistency with (900-489) & (234-5).
Fought with Alans. The differentiation of
Goths in W & E branches occurred about 240
AD. The W branch was first called
Terwingians, later Visigoths. The E branch
first Greuthungi, then Ostrogoths.
We call them by their later names as of
240 AD.
234 54 362 # N Ostrogoths G Kingdom of the Bosporus (Cherson, C
Panticapaeum). This is not the
Bosporus at Constantinople but
that closing off Sea of Azov.
From NW of Black Sea State between
Carpathians, Don R, Vistula R, Sea of
Azov, centered on lower Dnepr R. See
reference 1 for exact border between
Terwingians (W. Goths) and Greuthungi (E.
Goths). *{1-24}*
900 492 362 376 N Ostrogoths G {Kingdom of the Bosporus (Cherson, L
Panticapaeum). This is not the
Bosporus at Constantinople but
that closing off Sea of Azov.} +
{NW of Black Sea State between
Carpathians, Don R, Vistula R, Sea
of Azov, centered on lower Dnepr
R. See
reference 1 for exact border For consistency with (1-24) & (8-4).
between Terwingians (W. Goths) and
Greuthungi (E. Goths).} *{234-54}
+ {1-24}*
8 4 376 378 N Ostrogoths G Region around and N of Durostorum Q
(Silistra, BG), N bank of lower
Danube R.
From the Kingdom of the Bosporus (Cherson,
Panticapaeum). This is not the Bosporus at
Constantinople but that closing off Sea of
Azov. + NW of Black Sea State between
Carpathians, Don R, Vistula R, Sea of
Azov, centered on lower Dnepr
R. See reference 1 for exact border
between Terwingians (W. Goths) and
Greuthungi (E. Goths). *{900-492}*
234 79 376 600 A Ostrogoths G Malorosa on Taman peninsula L
Start date necessary to connect with (900-
492).
900 496 376 1700 N Ostrogoths G Crimea L
Acc/to Much: Deutsche Stammeskunde.
Remnants of Goths, Crimean Goths.
901 203 376 378 N Ostrogoths G {Region around and N of Durostorum L
(Silistra, BG), N bank of lower
Danube R.} *{8-4}*
900 494 378 # N Ostrogoths G Balkans M
From region around and N of Durostorum
(Silistra, BG), N bank of lower Danube R.
*{8-4}* For consistency with (11-79).
900 493 378 # N Ostrogoths G Pannonia I RP Q
From region around and N of Durostorum
(Silistra, BG), N bank of lower Danube R.
*{8-4}* For consistency with (110-67).
110 67 378 470 A Ostrogoths G Pannonia Prima RP L
End date, see (11-81).
900 495 378 455 N Ostrogoths G {Balkans} *{900-494}* L
Acc/to (11-79). End date questionable.
Probably assimilated.
1 34 451 # N Ostrogoths G Gaul A
From Pannonia. Attacked with Huns.
40 110 457 474 N Ostrogoths G Thracia & Moesia inf RP The newly A
reorganized (284-305) Diocese
Thracia. See ref 40, fig 22.
From Pannonia Prima RP. *(110-67)*
11 81 470 488 N Ostrogoths G East Roman Empire advancing along W
the Moldava-Vardar corridor,
threatening Salonica & Adrianople.
Crossed RP Moesia, Macedonia,
Epirus & Dacia ripensis.
From Pannonia Prima RP. *{110-67}* End
date acc/to (1-42).
1 44 489 493 N Ostrogoths G I (Modern Lombardy, Venetia, M
Tuscany, the so-called Marks,
especially the fortress of Osimo S
of Ancona, Dalmatia. Not in Alps
or Lower Italy.)
From Balkans. End date: death of Odoaker.
20K warriors = 100K people.
11 82 489 552 N Ostrogoths G {I (Modern Lombardy, Venetia, L
Tuscany, the so-called Marks,
especially the fortress of Osimo S
of Ancona, Dalmatia. Not in Alps
or Lower Italy.)} *{1-44}*
At end date they were conquered and many
deported by E. Romans (Byzantines).
900 506 500 # A Ostrogoths G {Swiss part of Raetia (RP)} *{178- Q
11}*
For consistency with (178-11). From I.
(Modern Lombardy, Venetia, Tuscany, the so-
called Marks, especially the fortress of
Osimo S of Ancona, Dalmatia. Not in Alps
or Lower Italy.) *{1-44}* Ref calls them
Goths, but (11-82) implies they
were Ostrogoths.
178 11 500 530 A Ostrogoths G Swiss part of Raetia (RP) L
124 7 504 # N Ostrogoths G Pannonia II RP later Sirmia & C
Slavonia. Betw. Danube, Drave &
Save RR.
From I (Modern Lombardy, Venetia, Tuscany,
the so-called Marks, especially the
fortress of Osimo S of Ancona, Dalmatia.
Not in Alps or Lower Italy.) *{11-82}*
Note: This is Pannonia II, even though
ref. calls this their ancient homeland.
Our earlier sources (110-67) placed them
in Pannonia I.
900 497 504 552 N Ostrogoths G {Pannonia II RP later Sirmia & L
Slavonia. Betw. Danube, Drave &
Save RR.} *{124-7}*
For consistency with (124-7). End date
problematical. Ref 1 says that Gepids
reconquered area in 536, but some Goths
must have stayed & become assimilated.
173 17 -1800 -1200 A Otomani U NW ROM & adjacent areas of H L
Culture.
382 19 -2200 -1900 N Ozieri U Sardinia, Corsica, see map 12a L
(16); "Archeologicky Atlas Evropy
A Ceskoslovenska."
Culture. Intermingled with Bell Beakers
(see (382-25)).
352 7 -60 100 A Paemani G E Ardennes area, SE B L
End date acc/to (353-8). An 'unmixed'
German tribe, according to map legend.
165 59 -300 -100 A Paeneste Y Betw Kicevo & Gostivar (Macedonia, L
YU). (See map 1, ref 165.)
Conservative bracketing dates.
47 23 -2000 -1700 A Paeones U EC Macedonia (Mid-Vardar R plain) L
End date to conform to (47-24).
47 24 -1700 -1500 A Paeones U Beyond Vardar R thru plain to E
Ludias R, then into Eordaea,
Lyncus & finally Pelagonia. Up
Vardar R to Stobi.
Dates are guesses to place this action
with limits given by (47-23) and (901-97).
901 98 -1700 -1400 A Paeones U {EC Macedonia (Mid-Vardar R L
plain)} + {Beyond Vardar R thru
plain to Ludias R, then into
Eordaea, Lyncus & finally
Pelagonia. Up Vardar R to
Stobi.} *{47-23} + {47-24}* Start date for consistency with (47-24).
End date for consistency with (901-97).
901 97 -1400 -1300 A Paeones U {EC Macedonia (Mid-Vardar R plain) T
+ Beyond Vardar R thru plain to
Ludias R, then into Eordaea,
Lyncus & finally Pelagonia. Up
Vardar R to Stobi} -
{EC Macedonia (Mid-Vardar R To EC Macedonia (Mid-Vardar R plain).
plain)} *{901-98} - {47-23]* *{901-99}* Acc/to ref 47, same paragraph
as (47-24).
901 99 -1400 -1150 A Paeones U {EC Macedonia (Mid-Vardar R L
plain)} *{47-23}*
Start date to conform to (901-97). End
date to conform to (901-100). This record
inserted to assure continuance of the
Paeones. See (47-56).
901 100 -1150 # A Paeones U {Betw Strymon & Axius RR} + {EC E
Macedonia (Mid-Vardar R plain)}
*{47-56} + {901-99}*
From EC Macedonia (Mid-Vardar R plain).
*{901-99}* Necessary to locate them up to
the Strymon R. Date acc/to (47-56).
47 56 -1150 -1080 A Paeones U Betw Strymon & Axius RR (= (901- L
99) + (901-100))
901 101 -1080 # A Paeones U {Betw Strymon & Axius RR} - {EC T
Macedonia (Mid-Vardar R plain)}
*{47-56} - {901-99}*
To EC Macedonia (Mid-Vardar R plain). *{47-
32}* Implied because (47-56) has an end
date.
47 32 -1080 -700 A Paeones U Mid Vardar R plain (E C Macedonia) L
End date to conform to (901-102).
901 102 -700 -600 A Paeones U E side Upper & Mid Vardar & some E
land below Demir Kapu gorge on
both sides of R + M Strymon,
Nestos RVV
From Mid Vardar R plain (E C Macedonia).
*{47-32}* Acc/to (47-86), (119-12).
901 103 -700 -356 A Paeones U {Mid Vardar R plain (E C L
Macedonia)} + {E side Upper & Mid
Vardar & some land below Demir
Kapu gorge on both sides of R + M
Strymon, Nestos RVV} *{47-32} +
{901-102}*
Start date to conform to (901-102); end
date to conform to (46-18).
46 18 -356 -100 A Paeones U Paeonia (See foldout map) (= (901- I
103))
By (Greek-speaking) Macedonians. End date
guess.
139 6 -2300 -1900 A Palaeans A W Anatolia M
From the Balkans.
900 210 -1900 -1700 A Palaeans A {Pala region of AM (classical M
Paphlagonia, modern Kastamonu).}
*{219-6}*
Needed to get them from Pala distr. in
Khatti (139-3) to (219-6).
219 6 -1900 -1500 A Palaeans A Pala region of AM (classical L
Paphlagonia, modern Kastamonu).
900 211 -1500 -1400 A Palaeans A {Pala region of AM (classical I
Paphlagonia, modern Kastamonu).}
*{219-6}*
Acc/ to (139-3). By Hittites.
179 28 1650 1700 A Palatines G Lower Rhine, Brandenburg Q
Pommerania.
From the Palatinate (Pfalz).
168 17 -800 -500 A Paleoveneti U Ateste nr Colli Euganei, I L
This is the Ateste culture.
302 53 800 900 A Pannonian Slavs S Around L Balaton, H L
900 305 -1500 50 A Pannonians Y S of Drava to Sava R & Danube L
Acc/to (123-11), (158-7), (132-1) [listed
as W H, but mapped as described under
location], (109-1), (110-1). Pannonian
tribes are Andizitei, Ditiones, Pirustae,
Maezaei, & Daesitiates acc/to Strabo.
165 96 -16 # N Pannonians Y N I A
From S of Drava to Sava R & Danube. *{900-
305}*
386 17 -1200 -700 N Pantalica U Sicily, see map 16a (16); L
"Archeologicky Atlas Evropy A
Ceskoslovenska."
This is a "group" rather than a culture.
End date acc/to (387-17).
27 152 -250 # A Parisi K E Yorkshire (acc/to (143-54)) M
Firth of Forth
From Seine R mouth.
44 17 -250 50 A Parisi K E Yorkshire L
Start date to conform to (27-152). End
date conservative guess before
Romaniazation and amalgamation. See also
map 26 in Geipel: The Europeans.
900 322 -1050 -1000 A Parthini Y Shkumbi (= Shkumbin = Shkumbini) M
RV (C Albania). + In hinterland of
Durres (Albania) & in the
direction of L Shkodres.
From the North. Acc/to (47-40), and Durres
location attributed to (165-62).
900 323 -1050 -100 A Parthini Y {Shkumbi (= Shkumbin = Shkumbini) L
RV (C Albania). + In hinterland of
Durres (Albania) & in the
direction of L Shkodres.} *{900-
322}*
Acc/to (165-62), they were grecized to a
great degree.
203 4 -2200 -1800 A Passage Graves U Skane, Halland, Vaestergoetland, L
Bohuslaen, Oeland (S)
Culture. Reference suggests migration from
unspecified location.
900 386 850 # A Pechenegi T Area between Ural & Volga RR M
Acc/to (129-46). From Sea of Aral.
900 387 850 889 A Pechenegi T {Area between Ural & Volga RR} L
*{900-386}*
Acc/to (129-46) & (211-10).
900 392 889 895 A Pechenegi T Betw Don & lower Danube RR M
Acc/to (49-1), (211-11), (49-2). From area
between Ural & Volga RR. *{900-387}* This
is into the land of Etelkoez, from which
they displaced the Magyars.
900 393 889 1122 A Pechenegi T {Betw Don & lower Danube RR} *{900- L
392}*
For consistency with (900-392). Destroyed
and dispersed by Kipchaks in 1091 acc/to
(211-13). But rests subdued by Byzantines
in 1122 acc/to ref 129, p.370.
36 6 896 907 N Pechenegi T H S
A few participate in the landtaking of the
Magyars. From area betw Don & lower Danube
RR. *{900-392}* End date from Ploetz.
900 394 896 1200 A Pechenegi T H L
For consistency with (36-6) and (31-41).
129 49 934 1091 N Pechenegi T Byzantine Balkans (modern BG & GR. A
See p.44 Putzger et al., Atlas.)
Repeated attacks from area betw Don &
lower Danube RR. *{900-393}*
49 5 1027 1059 A Pechenegi T Nr Silistra (Dristra) in the S
Paristrion (Dobrugea).
20K settled. From area betw Don & lower
Danube RR. *{900-393}*
900 396 1027 1122 A Pechenegi T {Nr Silistra (Dristra) in the L
Paristrion (Dobrugea).} *{49-5}*
For consistency with (49-5) and (49-13).
Destroyed and dispersed by Kipchaks in
1091 acc/to (211-13). But rests subdued by
Byzantines in 1122 acc/to ref 129, p.370.
31 41 1050 1100 A Pechenegi T H Q
From area betw Don & lower Danube RR.
*{900-392}* Parts of invaders resettled in
eastern H, assimilated by Magyars.
900 395 1200 # A Pechenegi T {H} *{900-394}* I
By Magyars acc/to (31-41).
173 23 -1700 -1100 A Pecica U SW Transylvania (Temisoara area), L
ROM
Culture. End date acc/to Fig. 51 in ref
48. Latest Pecica considered Early
Hallstatt in ref 48, Fig. 51.
169 25 1100 1600 A Pecora O Pecora R, N SU L
Paleoasiatic (=Paleosiberian) group
(probably).
165 64 -1000 -300 A Pelagones U Pelagonia(Prilepec in Macedonia) L
Start date: guess (ref says very old
tribe). End date: to conform to (165-65).
165 65 -300 -100 A Pelagones U {Pelagonia(Prilepec in Macedonia)} I
*{165-64}*
By Macedonians. End date: guess.
27 35 -900 -800 A Pelendoni K N B, along B-NL border L
Dates for consistency with (27-36).
27 36 -800 -750 A Pelendoni K Gironde, Landes, F, & SE Pyrenees, M
Soria (Spain)
From N B, along B-NL border *{27-35}*
900 979 -800 -700 A Pelendoni K Gironde, Landes, F L
For consistency with (27-36) and (27-45).
900 980 -800 -600 A Pelendoni K SE Pyrenees, Soria (E) L
Start date for consistency with (27-36).
End date acc/to (53-16). Presumably
assimilated after this date.
27 45 -700 -650 A Pelendoni K Nr Madrid M
From Gironde, Landes, F *{900-979}* Pushed
out by Cempsi. Presumably assimilated in
Spain.
27 97 -244 # N Pergamon H High plains of Phrygia, AM C
Galatian area. From Pergamon, AM.
383 10 -1800 -1675 N Periam U E YU & W R, see map 13a (8); L
"Archeologicky Atlas Evropy A
Ceskoslovenska."
Culture. Possible synonyms include:
Pejamos, Pecica (although ref (48-18)
shows Pecica to follow Periam in SW
Transylvania).
384 6 -1675 -1550 N Periam U Area around Muras R junction into L
Tisza R, NE YU, E H, & W ROM, see
map 14a (4); "Archeologicky Atlas
Evropy A Ceskoslovenska."
Culture synonym given by author: Periamos.
Shift in location over (383-10).
900 275 -547 # N Persians R AM C
Acc/to many sources, e.g. (161-3), (224-
30). From Persia.
224 40 -547 -334 N Persians R {AM} *{900-275}* L
900 252 -513 # N Persians R Thrace, Macedonia, Dobrugea,
Bessarabia.
Acc/to (39-36), (113-7), (122-18), (234-
18). Attempting to subdue Scythians. From
AM.
39 37 -510 -506 N Persians R Lemnos & Imbros Is N
From AM.
317 1 -492 # A Persians R Aegean coast GR into SW BG & SE A
YU. (Coastal Thrace and Macedonia)
Darius' campaign, led by Mardonius. From
Sardis, N to Abydus AM.
22 34 -490 # N Persians R Athens A
From AM.
317 4 -490 # A Persians R Marathon, GR N
From AM.
317 7 -480 # A Persians R Along Aegean coast GR, & into E GR. A
Route of Xerxes' army. From Sardis, N to
Abydus AM.
317 11 -480 # A Persians R Salamis, E GR N
From AM.
317 8 -479 # A Persians R Plataea, due W of Thebes, E A
Peloponnese, GR.
From AM.
40 104 284 305 N Persians R Thracia RP R
Prisoners from Emperor Diocletian's
Persian campaign.
40 108 337 # N Persians R Thracia & Moesia inf RP The newly R
reorganized (284-305) Diocese
Thracia. See ref 40, fig 22.
Prisoners from Adiabene (NW Persia).
173 12 -2700 -1800 A Petresti U C Transilvania (ROM) L
Culture.
143 11 -750 -50 A Petrucori K Perigord (Historic region of F, L
around Perigueux.)
900 317 -500 -400 A Peucetii Y Area labeled with their name in SE L
I; ref 164, map 3.
Subgroup of Iapygi (see ref 900-316).
40 1 -1300 -1250 A Philistines O Balkans (See ref, Fig 12 for L
location)
Start date: conservative estimate. End
date to conform to (40-2). Indo-European
people.
40 2 -1250 -1150 A Philistines O Crete, Aegaean Is., N. Syria M
Palestine, Egypt, Cyprus, AM
From Balkans (See ref, Fig 12 for
location). *{40-1}* Cyprus & Crete added
to record based on (21-9); AM added to
record based on (21-8).
25 8 -3000 -573 A Phoenicians E S Lebanon (area around Sidon and L
Tyre)
Start date is rough date given by
Encyclopedia Brittanica. Possible origin
from Persian Gulf. Sidon fell to Assyrians
sometime between -677 and -668. End date
conquest of Tyre by Babylonians. People
presumably remained since Encyclopedia
Brittanica says that Phoenician was spoken
until replaced by Aramaic in 1st c BC.
25 1 -1100 # A Phoenicians E Gades (Cadiz) also Utica (now in S
Tunisia), Lixus (Larache in
Spanish Morocco).
From Phoenicia (around Tyre, Lebanon). Ref
(232-4) believes it unlikely that Gadir
was founded much before Utica. This is
contrary to widely quoted date of -1100
for founding of Gadir.
900 935 -1100 -1000 N Phoenicians E Utica (now in Tunisia) L
For consistency with (25-1) and (25-3).
900 938 -1100 -573 A Phoenicians E Lixus (Larache in Spanish Morocco) L
(see p. 22 in Putzger)
For consistency with (25-1). End date is
arbitrary name change to Carthaginians.
25 3 -1000 -900 A Phoenicians E Melita (Malta) also other cities S
in N. Africa: Hippo Diarrhytos
(Bizerte), Hippo Regius (nr Annaba
or Bone, Algeria), Hadrumetum
(Susa, Sousse).
From Phoenicia. Encyclopedia Brittanica
mentions them only between 8th and 6th c
BC.
228 2 -1000 # A Phoenicians E S & E Iberia, Ancient Tartessus S
(area of Lower Guadalquivir R).
From Phoenicia.
900 933 -1000 -600 A Phoenicians E {S & E Iberia, Ancient Tartessus L
(area of Lower Guadalquivir R).}
*{228-2}*
Start date to conform to (228-2). End
date: Carthaginian immigration (53-2).
Population called Carthaginian hereafter.
900 936 -1000 -814 A Phoenicians E Utica, also other cities in N. L
Africa: Hippo Diarrhytos
(Bizerte), Hippo Regius (nr Annaba
or Bone, Algeria), Hadrumetum
(Susa, Sousse).
For consistency with (25-3) and (25-2).
These Phoenicians become Carthaginians
hereafter.
25 2 -814 # N Phoenicians E Carthage S
From Phoenicia. Encyclopedia Brittanica
states that the 814 date is mythological.
Nothing prior to last quarter of 8th c BC
discovered archaeologically.
225 5 -800 -750 A Phoenicians E Sardinia: Sulcis, Caralis Nora, S
Tharros.
From Phoenicia (implied, not stated).
900 942 -800 -573 N Phoenicians E {Sardinia: Sulcis, Caralis Nora, L
Tharros.} *{225-5}*
For consistency with (225-5). End date is
arbitrary name change to Carthaginians.
25 5 -734 -700 A Phoenicians E NW Sicily e.g. Motye (Motya, San S
Pantaleo), Soloeis (Solunto),
Panormos (Palermo).
From Phoenicia (implied, not stated).
900 940 -734 -573 N Phoenicians E {NW Sicily e.g. Motye (Motya, San L
Pantaleo), Soloeis (Solunto),
Panormos (Palermo).} *{25-5}*
For consistency with (25-5). End date is
arbitrary name change to Carthaginians.
167 7 -654 # N Phoenicians E Ibiza (Ebysos) S
From Phoenicia (implied, not stated). But
did not settle on Mallorca where there
were fierce natives (25-7).
900 255 -1500 -1080 A Phrygians P Macedonia, Thrace L
Acc/to (119-4) and (159-3).
47 47 -1190 -1150 A Phrygians P C Albania, Epirus, W coastal plain E
of Macedonia.
From Pelagonia (part of Macedonia).
47 28 -1160 -1130 A Phrygians P Troad (area around Troy) S
From Balkans.
900 256 -1100 -800 A Phrygians P AM from ancient Keramon Agora, S Q
to ancient Sagalassus, betw modern
Eskisehir & Afyon Karahisar, E nr
ancient Gordion and modern Ankara,
Bogazkoey, Pazarli, Alisar, Alaca,
Kueltepe.
Acc/to (23-4), (39-5), (119-5), etc. From
Macedonia, Thrace + Macedonia, Thrace -
Macedonia, Thrace E of Vardar R but not
Propontic Thrace (E Thrace nr Hellespont),
Sea of Marmara (both coasts). *{901-153}*
900 258 -1100 -681 A Phrygians P {AM from ancient Keramon Agora, S L
to ancient Sagalassus, betw modern
Eskisehir & Afyon Karahisar, E nr
ancient Gordion and modern Ankara,
Bogazkoey, Pazarli, Alisar, Alaca,
Kueltepe} *{900-256}*
Acc/to (221-3), (221-4). Termination
acc/to (40-31), but note that (139-9) has
Phrygian spoken in C AM until 500 AD.
Start date acc/to (900-256).
47 49 -1080 # A Phrygians P Macedonia, Thrace E of Vardar R T
but not Propontic Thrace (E Thrace
nr Hellespont), Sea of Marmara
(both coasts).
To Macedonia, Thrace - Macedonia, Thrace E
of Vardar R but not Propontic Thrace (E
Thrace nr Hellespont), Sea of Marmara
(both coasts). *{901-153}*
901 153 -1080 -600 A Phrygians P {Macedonia, Thrace} - {Macedonia, L
Thrace E of Vardar R but not
Propontic Thrace (E Thrace nr
Hellespont), Sea of Marmara (both
coasts).} *{900-255} - {47-49}*
Acc/to (47-49), (159-3), and (39-27).
900 259 -800 -600 A Phrygians P Propontic Thrace (E Thrace nr L
Hellespont), Sea of Marmara (both
coasts).
Acc/to (39-27).
26 18 -1000 -500 A Picentes U EC I (E of Tiber R & N of Perugia L
acc/to (320-6)), map p. 359
Syn. Picenians. End date acc/to (320-6). A
local group dating from Iron Age, acc/to
(320-6). Probably pre-IE.
44 20 1 843 N Picts U Scotland L
Start date: conservative guess. End date:
surrender to Scoti, to conform to (11-
156). Source states that first historical
mention of Picts was in 297 AD.
27 179 300 400 A Picts U Ulster (N Ireland) Q
From Scotland. *{44-20}*
11 156 843 1150 N Picts U Scotland I
By Scoti.
385 14 -1400 -1100 N Pilin U Border region betw Slovakia & H L
betw Danube knee & Tisza R, see
map 15a (12); "Archeologicky Atlas
Evropy A Ceskoslovenska."
Culture. End date acc/to (386-7).
165 66 -200 50 A Pirustae Y Mirdita prov. (N Alb) (See L
Jugoslawien Road Map, Freytag &
Berudt.)
131 2 -2500 -2000 A Pit Graves U E Carpathians, Tisza R area L
Culture. From S Russian steppes. Pastoral
tribes.
203 5 -2000 -1800 A Pitted Ware U S coast of S (see Fig. 18 in ref) L
Culture. Ref states that they immigrated
from the East.
389 24 -150 100 N Pjanobor U Kama R area W of Ural Mtns, see L
map 20a (24); "Archeologicky Atlas
Evropy A Ceskoslovenska."
Culture. End date acc/to (390-1).
900 339 -800 -650 A Plereji Y Peljesac peninsula up to Bay of L
Kotor, YU.
Time acc/to (47-59) for Enchelees,
mentioned together with Plereji.
389 26 -150 -50 N Poienesti-Luka U Area betw Carpathian Mtns & L
Juzinyi Bug RR, E R & SW SU, see
map 20a (27); "Archeologicky
Evropy A Ceskoslovenska."
Full gens name: "Poienesti-Lukasevka"
(culture).
383 33 -1800 -1675 N Polada U N I, SE F, see map 13a (29); L
"Archeologicky Atlas Evropy A
Ceskoslovenska."
End date interpolated betw this record and
(384-49). This culture also referred to as
"Terramare."
384 49 -1675 -1475 N Polada U N I, see map 14a (41); L
"Archeologicky Atlas Evropy A
Ceskoslovenska."
Start date interpolated between (383-33)
and this record. End date between this
record and (385-39). Culture synonym:
"Terramare" acc/to authors. Apparent
contraction over (383-33).
385 39 -1475 -1300 N Polada U N I, S coast of F, see map 15a L
(34); "Archeologicky Atlas Evropy
A Ceskoslovenska."
Start date interpolated between (384-49)
and this record. Apparent expansion over
(384-49). Culture synonym: "Terramare"
acc/to authors.
900 718 400 1000 N Polane S Middle Warta R around Poznan, PL. L
Start date from (301-17), end date
plausible by (147-17), p.32. (See also
(303-3) & (302-31)). Will become part of
Poles. (Syn. Poljane)
900 723 1000 1945 A Poles S {Middle Vistula R (incl Warsaw), L
PL.} + {Middle Warta R around
Poznan, PL.} +{Upper Oder R around
Wroclaw, PL (see map ref 302).} +
{Middle or upper Odra R around
Glogow, PL.} + {W of Wisla R,
around Inowroclaw, PL (betw Wisla
and Notec
RR).} + {Upper Odra (Oder) R, betw Start date: Approximate date of start of
Nysa Klodzka & Upper Warta RR Polish people. Union of Polane, Vislane,
around Opole (Oppeln) PL.} *{900- Slenzane, Dadosane, Goplane, Opolini,
717} + {900-718} + * *{900-720} + Bobrane, Trebovane ((900-717), (900-718),
{900-721} + * *{302-32} + {900- (900-720), (900-721), (302-32), (900-722),
722} * (302-34), (371-4)). End date:
Relocation of boundaries after WW II.
211 26 1018 # N Poles S Kiev A
From Middle Vistula R (incl Warsaw), PL. +
Middle Warta R around Poznan, PL. + Upper
Oder R around Wroclaw, PL (see map ref
302). + Middle or upper Odra R around
Glogow, PL. + W of Wisla R, around
Inowroclaw, PL (betw Wisla and Notec
RR). + Upper Odra (Oder) R, betw Nysa
Klodzka & Upper Warta RR around Opole
(Oppeln) PL. *{900-723}*
211 27 1068 # N Poles S Kiev A
From Middle Vistula R (incl Warsaw), PL. +
Middle Warta R around Poznan, PL. + Upper
Oder R around Wroclaw, PL (see map ref
302). + Middle or upper Odra R around
Glogow, PL. + W of Wisla R, around
Inowroclaw, PL (betw Wisla and Notec
RR). + Upper Odra (Oder) R, betw Nysa
Klodzka & Upper Warta RR around Opole
(Oppeln) PL. *{900-723}*
169 83 1263 1795 A Poles S Byelorussia (excluding Smolensk C
area).
From Middle Vistula R (incl Warsaw), PL. +
Middle Warta R around Poznan, PL. + Upper
Oder R around Wroclaw, PL (see map ref
302). + Middle or upper Odra R around
Glogow, PL. + W of Wisla R, around
Inowroclaw, PL (betw Wisla and Notec
RR). + Upper Odra (Oder) R, betw Nysa
Klodzka & Upper Warta RR around Opole
(Oppeln) PL. *{900-723}* Actually
Lithuanian conquest but reference states
that cities & nobility became Polonized.
PL had a union with Lithuania in these
years.
Start date acc/to Ploetz p.480 (death of
Mindanges). End date Muir's Historical
Atlas, p.57. Polish occupation of
Byelorussia.
169 75 1387 1667 A Poles S Ukraine including Kiev, Czernigov. C
From Middle Vistula R (incl Warsaw), PL. +
Middle Warta R around Poznan, PL. + Upper
Oder R around Wroclaw, PL (see map ref
302). + Middle or upper Odra R around
Glogow, PL. + W of Wisla R, around
Inowroclaw, PL (betw Wisla and Notec
RR). + Upper Odra (Oder) R, betw Nysa
Klodzka & Upper Warta RR around Opole
(Oppeln) PL. *{900-723}* Start date acc/to
Ploetz, p.584 when Poland united with
Lithuania; end date acc/to Ploetz, p.687 &
Muir's Historical Atlas, p.56. Ref
says Ukrainian cities heavily Polonized.
For other Ukrainian cities, see (900-724).
900 724 1387 1795 N Poles S S Ukraine: Lvov, Zhitomir C
From Middle Vistula R (incl Warsaw), PL. +
Middle Warta R around Poznan, PL. + Upper
Oder R around Wroclaw, PL (see map ref
302). + Middle or upper Odra R around
Glogow, PL. + W of Wisla R, around
Inowroclaw, PL (betw Wisla and Notec
RR). + Upper Odra (Oder) R, betw Nysa
Klodzka & Upper Warta RR around Opole
(Oppeln) PL. *{900-723}* Start date to
conform to (169-75), end date: partition
of Poland, Muir's Historical Atlas p.68.
Ref (169-75) states that cities were
heavily Polonized. See also (211-35).
900 726 1404 1514 N Poles S Smolensk area (cf. Muir's C
Historical Atlas, p. 56)
From Middle Vistula R (incl Warsaw), PL. +
Middle Warta R around Poznan, PL. + Upper
Oder R around Wroclaw, PL (see map ref
302). + Middle or upper Odra R around
Glogow, PL. + W of Wisla R, around
Inowroclaw, PL (betw Wisla and Notec
RR). + Upper Odra (Oder) R, betw Nysa
Klodzka & Upper Warta RR around Opole
(Oppeln) PL. *{900-723}* Dates from
Putzger, p. 67. During union of Lithuania
& PL.
340 17 1410 # N Poles S Tannenberg, E Prussia C
From Middle Vistula R (incl Warsaw), PL. +
Middle Warta R around Poznan, PL. + Upper
Oder R around Wroclaw, PL (see map ref
302). + Middle or upper Odra R around
Glogow, PL. + W of Wisla R, around
Inowroclaw, PL (betw Wisla and Notec
RR). + Upper Odra (Oder) R, betw Nysa
Klodzka & Upper Warta RR around Opole
(Oppeln) PL. *{900-723}* Prussia then
entered period of Decline, culminating
under the peace of Torun in 1466, wherein
Pomerelia & Danzig passed under Polish
rule (see (900-725)).
900 729 1410 1970 N Poles S {Tannenberg, E Prussia}*{340-17}* L
Start date acc/to (340-17). End date: some
Poles stayed in E Prussia until modern
time. After WWII heavily Polish.
169 73 1447 1672 N Poles S Podolia (Middle course Juzny Bug C
R, see Times Atlas of World
History, p.141).
From Middle Vistula R (incl Warsaw), PL. +
Middle Warta R around Poznan, PL. + Upper
Oder R around Wroclaw, PL (see map ref
302). + Middle or upper Odra R around
Glogow, PL. + W of Wisla R, around
Inowroclaw, PL (betw Wisla and Notec
RR). + Upper Odra (Oder) R, betw Nysa
Klodzka & Upper Warta RR around Opole
(Oppeln) PL. *{900-723}* Start date found
in Ploetz, p.582; end date in Ploetz,
p.713. Lost it to Ottomans.
900 725 1466 # N Poles S Pomerelia (see ref 340), C
Danzig(Gdansk)
From Middle Vistula R (incl Warsaw), PL. +
Middle Warta R around Poznan, PL. + Upper
Oder R around Wroclaw, PL (see map ref
302). + Middle or upper Odra R around
Glogow, PL. + W of Wisla R, around
Inowroclaw, PL (betw Wisla and Notec
RR). + Upper Odra (Oder) R, betw Nysa
Klodzka & Upper Warta RR around Opole
(Oppeln) PL. *{900-723}* Acc/to comment in
(340-17).
900 730 1466 1970 N Poles S {Pomerelia (see ref 340), L
Danzig(Gdansk)} *{900-725}*
Start date to conform to (900-725). End
date: some Poles stayed in Pomerelia &
Danzig until modern time. After WWII
heavily Polish.
900 727 1618 1667 N Poles S {Smolensk area (cf. Muir's C
Historical Atlas, p. 56)} *{900-
726}*
From Middle Vistula R (incl Warsaw), PL. +
Middle Warta R around Poznan, PL. + Upper
Oder R around Wroclaw, PL (see map ref
302). + Middle or upper Odra R around
Glogow, PL. + W of Wisla R, around
Inowroclaw, PL (betw Wisla and Notec
RR). + Upper Odra (Oder) R, betw Nysa
Klodzka & Upper Warta RR around Opole
(Oppeln) PL. *{900-723}* Dates from
Putzger, p. 79.
344 6 1683 # N Poles S Vienna, A A
From Middle Vistula R (incl Warsaw), PL. +
Middle Warta R around Poznan, PL. + Upper
Oder R around Wroclaw, PL (see map ref
302). + Middle or upper Odra R around
Glogow, PL. + W of Wisla R, around
Inowroclaw, PL (betw Wisla and Notec
RR). + Upper Odra (Oder) R, betw Nysa
Klodzka & Upper Warta RR around Opole
(Oppeln) PL. *{900-723}* Relief of Vienna
from Turks. Swept down slopes of
Wienerwald, A, on September 12, 1683,
destroying Turkish position.
150 1 1860 1870 N Poles S W D & E F Q
From Middle Vistula R (incl Warsaw), PL. +
Middle Warta R around Poznan, PL. + Upper
Oder R around Wroclaw, PL (see map ref
302). + Middle or upper Odra R around
Glogow, PL. + W of Wisla R, around
Inowroclaw, PL (betw Wisla and Notec
RR). + Upper Odra (Oder) R, betw Nysa
Klodzka & Upper Warta RR around Opole
(Oppeln) PL. *{900-723}* Into mining
areas. Dates refined from ref 179, p.89.
346 13 1918 1921 A Poles S Minsk, Gomel, & nr Kiev, W SU. A
From PL. Attacked western boundary of area
controlled by Bolsheviks.
150 5 1918 1921 N Poles S W PL, using 1923-1939 boundaries R
(Putzger p. 106/7)
900 K people from Byelorussia (100K from E
PL *{347-12}*, and other former Russian
and Austrian parts of PL (Galicia,
Volhynia, Polesia)). Mostly an internal
migration with respect to the 1923-1939
boundaries.
347 51 1918 1919 N Poles S PL, using 1923-39 boundaries R
(Putzger p. 106/7)
From E D (using 1923-39 boundaries,
Putzger p. 106/7) area nr Warthe R.
150 8 1945 1947 N Poles S New W PL (former German area) R
3 M from other areas of PL that were
Polish both before and after WWII (see
also (348-21)).
348 20 1945 1950 N Poles S PL (probably most into the former R
German provinces, now W PL)
1.5 M people from former E PL now SU.
213 27 1945 1970 N Poles S W Ukraine, Belorussia, Lithuania L
(probably portion that was Polish
between the World Wars)
1-5 M people. The population figures from
this book (a generally more detailed
reference than 212) have been updated from
1970 census. Figures obtained from the
Encyclopedia Brittanica. These apparently
are unassimilated Poles not affected
by population transfers post WWII. Must
modify earlier records to reflect this.
900 728 1945 1970 N Poles S {Middle Vistula R (incl Warsaw), L
PL + Middle Warta R around Poznan,
PL + Upper Oder R around Wroclaw,
PL (see map ref 302) + Middle or
upper Odra R around Glogow, PL + W
of Wisla R, around Inowroclaw, PL
(betw Wisla and Notec RR) + Upper
Odra (Oder) R, betw Nysa Klodzka & Start date to conform to (150-8). End
Upper Warta RR around Opole date: still there.
(Oppeln) PL.} - (former E PL now
SU) + {New W PL (former German
area)} *{900-723} -(former E PL
now SU)* * + {150-8} *
234 155 600 800 A Poljane S Ingul R region (W of Dnepr R) & L
Dnepr mouth.
234 156 800 # A Poljane S Most of Kiev area (e.g. Kiev, M
Cernigov, Perejaslav).
Author considers them subgroup of Antes.
From Ingul R region (W of Dnepr R) & Dnepr
mouth. *{234-155}* Ref (13-58) already
places them nr Kiev and the Ros R (nr
Cerkassy) at 600-800 AD. *Location
information from (234-152).*
147 1 800 1300 A Poljane S {Most of Kiev area (e.g. Kiev, L
Cernigov, Perejaslav).} *{234-156}*
Records (147-1) to (147-12) are E. Slavs.
Author considers them subgroup of Antes.
*Location information from (234-152).*
383 37 -1800 -1700 N Poltava U Volga R area, S of mouth of Samara L
R, see map 13a(33); "Archeologicky
Atlas Evropy A Ceskoslovenska."
Culture.
388 7 -800 -600 N Pommerellic U N PL, see map 18a (7); L
"Archeologicky Atlas Evropy A
Ceskoslovenska."
Culture. Start date acc/to (13-9). Syn:
Pomeranian.
13 10 -600 -400 A Pommerellic U Oder & Vistula RR & Volhynia, nr. E
Kiev. See Fig 4.
From N PL, see map 18a (7); "Archeologicky
Atlas Evropy A Ceskoslovenska." *{388-7}*
Culture. Syn. Pomeranian.
901 110 -600 -400 A Pommerellic U {N PL, see map 18a (7); L
"Archeologicky Atlas Evropy A
Ceskoslovenska."} +
{Oder & Vistula RR & Volhynia, For consistency with (13-10). Culture.
near Kiev. See Fig 4.} *{388-7} + Syn. Pomeranian.
{13-10}*
32 23 500 # A Pomorane S Betw Oder R & Vistula R along E M
sea coast. (See map 302 for S
boundary. There are 2 types of
stippling to represent them.)
Date is compromise between this reference
and frontpaper of ref 14. Not known from
where they came, but ref 14 frontpaper
shows them as coming from S. Into the area
vacated by Germanic Germanic tribes. (Syn.
Pomorzanie).
900 685 500 1100 A Pomorane S {Betw Oder R & Vistula R along E L
sea coast. (See map 302 for S
boundary. There are 2 types of
stippling to represent them.)}
*{32-23}*
Start date to conform to (32-23). End date
is conservative. There was much German
immigration in 12th C, but W & C Pomerania
ruled by Poles until 17th C. E Pomerania
conquered by Teutonic Knights in 1308-
1454, reconquered by PL, then
annexed by by Prussia in 1772. Modern
Pomerania, W in DDR, C & E in PL (source
from E).
234 39 -300 -110 A Pontus H AM: S shore of Black Sea L
End date to conform to (234-40).
Hellenistic kingdom. For map of area,
Levi: Atlas of Greek World p.194.
234 40 -110 -106 N Pontus H Kingdom of the Bosporus(Cherson, C
Panticapaeum). This is not the
Bosporus at Constantinople but
that closing off Sea of Azov.
From AM: S shore of Black Sea. *{234-39}*
384 40 -1650 -1300 N Porista Ceramic U Estonia, N Latvia, see map 14a L
(33); "Archeologicky Atlas Evropy
A Ceskoslovenska."
End date acc/to (385-22). Culture.
901 62 476 1970 N Portugese I Portugal L
Start date: end of Roman Empire; end date:
still there. Population estimated in 1500
AD to be 1M acc/to (53-97).
53 57 1147 # N Portuguese I Santarem, Lisbon (P) C
From N of Douro R.
53 60 1232 1236 N Portuguese I Lower Guadiana R & Algarve Moura, C
Faro.
From N of Tejo R.
385 13 -1400 -1300 N Potisi U H & W R, E of Tisza R,see map 15a L
(11); "Archeologicky Atlas Evropy
A Ceskoslovenska."
Reference is to groups in Potisi,
Felsoeszoecs, Egyek.
384 34 -1650 -1250 N Pre-Kazan U Near Kazan area, Volga R, see map L
14a (27); "Archeologicky Atlas
Evropy A Ceskoslovenska."
Culture. End date acc/to (385-28).
386 37 -1250 -950 N Pre-Kazan U Area around Kazan, Volga & Kama L
RR, SU, see map 16a (40);
"Archeologicky Atlas Evropy A
Ceskoslovenska."
Culture.
387 42 -950 -700 N Pre-Kazan U Area around & W of Kama R, see map L
17a (40); "Archeologicky Atlas
Evropy A Ceskoslovenska."
Culture.
13 4 -1500 -1200 A Pre-Lausitz U Area from slightly W of Oder R to L
Warta R (see Abb. 3)
Culture. Start date acc/to (305-3).
13 36 300 500 A Presov Type S Tisza R Area M
From W Ukraine. Probably early Slavic
Culture.
383 32 -1800 -1650 N Proto-Appenine U I, see map 13a (28); L
"Archeologicky Atlas Evropy A
Ceskoslovenska."
Culture. End date to conform to (384-48).
Continued as Appenine (384-48).
900 96 -2200 # A Proto-Balts B Shores of Baltic, Byelorussia M
greater Russia. Along Baltic up to
SW SF. To middle & upper Dnepr,
upper Volga, & Oka RR. + {C Russia
(maps 12a(x) & 14a(26), CS
Atlas).} *(38-1) + {172-37}*
From Eurasian (Pontic) Steppes (lower
Dnepr R Basin).
900 97 -2200 -1300 A Proto-Balts B Shores of Baltic, Byelorussia L
greater Russia. Along Baltic up to
SW SF. To middle & upper Dnepr,
upper Volga, & Oka RR. See fig 10
xerox in ref 38. - [ {C Russia
(maps 12a(x) & & 14a(26), CS
Atlas)} + {Along Belaja R as far
as S Ural
Mts.} + {E along Volga R & its
tributaries, lower Oka, Sura,
lower Vjatka, lower Kama RR.}]
*(38-3) - [{172-37} + {38-10}* * +
{38-9}] *
38 2 -1900 -1700 A Proto-Balts B N limit from Lithuania to upper I
Volga. Shores of Baltic,
Byelorussia, greater Russia. Along
Baltic up to SW SF. To middle &
upper Dnepr, upper Volga & Oka RR.
With established neolithic farmers or
hunter-fishers -- funnel beaker culture,
bell beaker culture, comb marked & pitted
ware people amalgam.
18 1 475 # A Proto-Bulgars T Carpathian basin A
From S Russia and further east. (Acc/to to
Ploetz p.372, these could have been
Saraguri, Oguri, or Onoguri.) Proto-
Bulgars must here refer to one of the
groups that later merged to form the
Bulgars.
1 43 480 # N Proto-Bulgars T BG A
From S Russia (Pontic steppes nr coasts of
Sea of Azov (or even the Kuban R) up to
the Dnepr.) *{900-374}* Proto-Bulgars must
here refer to one of the groups that later
merged to form the Bulgars.
181 6 -400 -200 A Proto-Frisians G N NL L
387 20 -800 -700 N Proto-Golasecca U NW I nr Milan, see map 17a (20); L
"Archeologicky Atlas Evropy A
Ceskoslovenska."
Culture.
123 5 -1900 # A Proto-Hellenes H Epiros, W Thessaly & Pieria L
Probably syn. with Proto-Greeks.
900 341 -2000 -1200 A Proto-Illyrians Y Betw Epirus & Cetina R & defined L
inland by Neretva R & the mouth of
its tributary, the Rama, & from
the area by the watershed of the
Neretva & Bosna RR. + From mouth
of Cetina to mouth of Krka R, incl
W & S Bosnia & Lika plain.
Acc/to (112-1), (128-2), (158-1), (158-5).
Locality definition acc/to (158-1), (158-
5). This is the group ancestral to Istri,
Dalmatians, Pannonians and other Illyrian
language family tribes, whom we listed
starting in 1200 BC.
139 15 -1800 -900 A Proto-Italics I I M
From NE. These are represented later by
Latin, Oscan, and Umbrian speaking groups.
Start date acc/to beginning or Terramare
culture in CSSR Atlas linked to (26-5).
This ref starts them at 1500 BC.
26 37 -750 # A Proto-Latini I Rome Q
From Albanese Mts. Mixture of Latini &
Sabini influences in early history of Rome.
127 5 -700 650 A Proto-Magyars C Along Kama & Belaya RR modern area L
of Bashkiria.
Bearers of Ananino culture. Descendants of
the Finno-Ugrians. They probably included
Ugric tribes other than Proto-Magyars (see
172-38). End date inferred from other
sources, mainly (234-120) and (172-40).
47 13 -2800 -1900 A Proto-Myceneans H Porodin (Pelagonia) L
This is the Porodin group. They acquired
Greek from invading Greek speaking Kurgan
people.
41 8 -3000 # A Proto-Samoyeds O Taiga of W Siberia where S group M
of Vogul now live or even further
S, but N of 57
From W of Urals Mts around bend of Volga R
along Kama & Vyathka RR (V'atka) and also
somewhat further E. *{41-7}* Branch of
Uralics.
901 80 -3000 250 A Proto-Samoyeds O {Taiga of W Siberia where S group L
of Vogul now live or even further
S, but N of 57} *{41-8}*
Start date to conform to (41-7); end date
to conform to records for specific Samoyed
tribes. They moved further E over the
centuries, but this does not affect our
European database. There must have been a
change from Proto-Samoyeds to
Samoyeds before these split up into N & S
branches ca 250 AD, but we know nothing of
this. Branch of Uralics.
900 253 -2000 -1200 A Proto-Thracians P E Balkans, Carpathians (mostly ROM L
and Moldavian SSR, acc/to (387-8).)
Origins of Thracians ambiguous. Ref 128
has them coming into Balkans from Hungary
and E Galicia. Possible connection with
Ochre Grave culture (ref 39). *Location
information from (128-1).*
345 18 1814 # N Prussians G N F & B A
From Prussia.
38 17 200 # A Prussians (Old) B Lower Vistula area M
From Neman & Dvina RR area, Belorussia & S
Lithuania, see map 21a (6); "Archeologicky
Atlas Evropy A Ceskoslovenska". + Latvia,
Lithuania, see map 21a (9); "Archeologicky
Atlas Evropy A Ceskoslovenska". *{900-
105}* Taken over from Goths.
900 108 200 1288 A Prussians (Old) B {Lower Vistula area} *{38-17}* L
Acc/to (38-17).
38 25 1288 1650 A Prussians (Old) B E Prussia I
By Germans (Knights of the Teutonic
order). The western provinces were more
rapidly Germanized than the peninsula of
Samland, where the old population lived in
compact groups. By the 17 C the last
Prussian language (B) speakers disappeared.
13 14 -100 450 A Przeworsk U Oder & Vistula RR & Volhynia, nr. L
Kiev. See Fig 4, or better, p. 17
in Vana: World of Ancient Slavs.
(Also include E H, acc/to (13-35)
and Vana map)
Part of Brandgrubengraeberkultur. Assumed
by some to have been early Slavs, but
others believe there was a Germanic
component.
900 736 500 600 A Psovane S Betw Labe and Jizera RR due N of M
Prague, CS.
From N in E PL (acc/to (19-22)). Implied
since (19-22) talks about W. Slavs only.
These are a Czech tribe. *Location acc/to
(302-46).*
900 740 500 900 A Psovane S {Betw Labe and Jizera RR due N of L
Prague, CS.} *{900-736}*
Start date to conform to (900-736). End
date is arbitrary. No evidence for
individual tribes after 900 AD. After that
date we will group and call the Czech
Slavs as Czechs, Moravians and Slovaks.
Between 623-658 they were part of the
Greater Moravian Empire.
389 9 -150 100 N Puchovsk U NE CS, see map 20a (11); L
"Archeologicky Atlas Evropy A
Ceskoslovenska."
Culture. End date acc/to (390-11).
12 129 -60 -9 A Quadi G Area of Fulda, Schwalm, Upper Lahn L
& Nidda RR, N up to Meissner Mt.
Separated from Cherusci by the
Meissner, Weserberge and the Harz
(Mts). (All on map 12/13,
Westermann's Atlas.)
But Caesar calls them Suebi. Descended
from part of Suebi (ref 12). End date to
conform to (133-11).
133 11 -9 # N Quadi G Lower A N of Danube, S Moravia & M
SW Slovakia.
From area of Fulda, Schwalm, Upper Lahn &
Nidda RR, N up to Meissner Mt. Separated
from Cherusci by the Meissner, Weserberge
and the Harz (Mts). (All on map 12/13,
Westermann's Atlas.) *{12-129}*
900 529 -9 89 A Quadi G {Lower A N of Danube, S Moravia & L
SW Slovakia.} *{133-11}*
Start date to conform to (133-11). End
date to conform to (12-146).
133 12 50 # N Quadi G L Neusiedl & Leitha Mts R
From Lower A N of Danube, S Moravia & SW
Slovakia. *{900-529}* Portion of tribe
because of internal troubles; by Romans.
12 146 89 92 N Quadi G Upper Gran & Eipel RR (Hron & Ipel E
RR) CSSR.
From Lower A N of Danube, S Moravia & SW
Slovakia. *{900-529}*
900 530 89 500 A Quadi G {Lower A N of Danube, S Moravia & L
SW Slovakia.} + {Upper Gran &
Eipel RR (Hron & Ipel RR) CSSR.}
*{900-529} + {12-146}*
Start date to conform to (12-146). End
date by inference acc/to (133-22).
11 15 166 # N Quadi G RP Venetia A
From Lower A N of Danube, S Moravia & SW
Slovakia. + Upper Gran & Eipel RR (Hron &
Ipel RR) CSSR. *{900-530}*
12 149 166 180 N Quadi G RP Pannonia, Raetia, Noricum A
From Lower A N of Danube, S Moravia & SW
Slovakia. + Upper Gran & Eipel RR (Hron &
Ipel RR) CSSR. *{900-530}*
133 17 282 # N Quadi G Pannonia RP A
From Lower A N of Danube, S Moravia & SW
Slovakia. + Upper Gran & Eipel RR (Hron &
Ipel RR) CSSR. *{900-530}*
110 61 356 # N Quadi G Pannonia RP & Upper Moesia RP A
From Lower A N of Danube, S Moravia & SW
Slovakia. + Upper Gran & Eipel RR (Hron &
Ipel RR) CSSR. *{900-530}*
133 18 374 # N Quadi G S Pannonia RP A
From Lower A N of Danube, S Moravia & SW
Slovakia. + Upper Gran & Eipel RR (Hron &
Ipel RR) CSSR. *{900-530}*
133 21 407 # N Quadi G N Spain Q
Part only. Joined Vandals to migrate to
Iberia. Depredations in Gaul. From Lower A
N of Danube, S Moravia & SW Slovakia. +
Upper Gran & Eipel RR (Hron & Ipel RR)
CSSR. *{900-530}*
133 22 410 # A Quadi G Transdanubia Q
From Lower A N of Danube, S Moravia & SW
Slovakia. + Upper Gran & Eipel RR (Hron &
Ipel RR) CSSR. *{900-530}*
900 531 410 568 A Quadi G {Transdanubia} *{133-22}* L
Start date acc/to (133-22). End date
acc/to (133-23).
133 37 450 500 A Quadi G Dalmatia A
Called Suebi in ref. From Transdanubia.
*{133-22}*
133 23 568 # N Quadi G {N I (E Venetia & Friaul (Friulia) Q
and the Venetian plain, occupying
Milan with capital at Pavia)} *{10-
5}*
From Transdanubia. *{133-22}* Location
detail acc/to (10-5). With Lombards.
