REF REC START END GENS L LOCATION A COMMENTS
47 20 -1900 -1600 A Macednans H N Pieria L
Collateral branch of Greek-speaking
people. They are the ancient Macedonians.
900 174 -1600 -1050 N Macedonians H N Pieria area L
Acc/to (47-87), (165-51), (47-88).
900 175 -1050 # A Macedonians H C Haliacmon RV E
Acc/to (47-33), from N Pieria.
900 176 -1050 -800 A Macedonians H {N Pieria area} + {C Haliacmon RV} L
*{900-174} + {900-175}*
Acc/to (47-52), (47-88). Coexisted with
Phrygians at least between -900 to -800
acc/to (47-52).
47 89 -800 # A Macedonians H Plain from Methone (Putzger Atlas E
map 7/8) to Katerini. (map 1).
From N Pieria area + C Haliacmon RV. *{900-
176}*
900 177 -800 # A Macedonians H Orestis & Elimeia along Upper E
Haliakmon (Bistriza) R valley.
From N Pieria area + C Haliacmon RV. *{900-
176}* This is a reconstruction on our
part. Contrary to the information in ref
47, ref 23 first discusses the Macedonians
in (23-7) and has them migrate as per (23-
8). We felt that current account
is consistent with more information.
900 178 -800 -650 A Macedonians H {N Pieria area + C Haliacmon RV} + L
{Plain from Methone (Putzger Atlas
map 7/8) to Katerini. (map 1).} +
{Orestis & Elimeia along Upper
Haliakmon (Bistriza) R valley.}
*{900-176} + {47-89} + {900-177}*
Based on (900-176), (900-177), (47-89).
23 8 -650 # A Macedonians H Axios (Vardar) R & the sea which E
cut deeper into the land then than
in modern times. Toward NW area of
Lynkestis (around L Prespa), up to
N border of Chalcidice & up to
lower Strymon (Struma) R.
From N Pieria area + C Haliacmon RV +
Plain from Methone (Putzger Atlas map 7/8)
to Katerini. (map 1) + Orestis & Elimeia
along Upper Haliakmon (Bistriza) R valley.
*{900-178}* Note comment of (900-177).
900 179 -650 -525 A Macedonians H {N Pieria area + C Haliacmon RV + L
Plain from Methone (Putzger Atlas
map 7/8) to Katerini. (map 1). +
Orestis & Elimeia along Upper
Haliakmon (Bistriza) R valley.} +
{Axios (Vardar) R & the sea which
cut deeper into the land then than
in modern times. Toward NW area of Expansion (23-8) applied to area (900-178).
Lynkestis (around L Prespa), up to
N border of Chalcidice & up to
lower Strymon (Struma) R.} *{900-
178} + {23-8}*
23 9 -525 # A Macedonians H Aigai (Aegeae, Edessa) E
From N Pieria area + C Haliacmon RV +
Plain from Methone (Putzger Atlas map 7/8)
to Katerini. (map 1). + Orestis & Elimeia
along Upper Haliakmon (Bistriza) R valley.
+ Axios (Vardar) R & the sea which cut
deeper into the land then than
in modern times. Toward NW area of
Lynkestis (around L Prespa), up to N
border of Chalcidice & up to lower Strymon
(Struma) R. *{900-179}*
900 180 -525 -358 N Macedonians H {N Pieria area + C Haliacmon RV + L
Plain from Methone (Putzger Atlas
map 7/8) to Katerini. (map 1). +
Orestis & Elimeia along Upper
Haliakmon (Bistriza) R valley. +
Axios (Vardar) R & the sea which
cut deeper into the land then than
in
modern times. Toward NW area of
Lynkestis (around L Prespa), up to
N border of Chalcidice & up to
lower Strymon (Struma) R.} + Aigai
(Aegeae, Edessa) *{900-179} + (23-
9)*
900 181 -358 -335 N Macedonians H Area of the Illyrians (except for C
that of the Taulantians.) +
Paeonia (see foldout map in ref
46.) + Chalcidice, S coast of
Thrace+ Thessaly, Thrace, along
lower Danube R & along upper
Strymon (Struma) R and Isker R. +
Odrysean Kingdom
betw Haimos Mts, (Haimos Mts = *(Location info can be attributed to (165-
Haemus Mts = Balkan Mt Chain) 6), * *(46-17), (40-53), (23-14), (39-46)
Aegaen Sea & Propontus (area and (40-55).)* From N Pieria area + C
around Sea of Marmara). + Haliacmon RV + Plain from Methone (Putzger
Philippopolis, Kabyle, Atlas map 7/8) to Katerini.(map 1). +
Alexandropolis (nr S Thracian Orestis & Elimeia along Upper
coast).
Haliakmon (Bistriza) R valley. + Axios
(Vardar) R & the sea which cut deeper into
the land then than in modern times. Toward
NW area of Lynkestis (around L Prespa), up
to N border of Chalcidice & up to lower
Strymon (Struma) R. + Aigai
(Aegeae, Edessa). *{900-180}* Acc/to (165-
6), 10K Macedonians + 600 cavalry. Killed
7K Illyrians (acc/to Levi: Atlas of the
Greek World).
900 182 -358 -313 N Macedonians H {Area of the Illyrians (except for L
that of the Taulantians.) +
Paeonia (see foldout map in ref
46.) + Chalcidice, S coast of
Thrace+ Thessaly, Thrace, along
lower Danube R & along upper
Strymon (Struma) R and Isker R. +
Odrysean Kingdom
betw Haimos Mts, (Haimos Mts =
Haemus Mts = Balkan Mt. Chain)
Aegaen Sea & Propontus (area
around Sea of Marmara). +
Philippopolis, Kabyle,
Alexandropolis (nr S Thracian
coast).} + {Velika & Zapadna
Morava RR (Serbia).} + {AM}
*{900-181} + {165-84} + {40-56}*
234 20 -335 # N Macedonians H Pontic steppes (N shore Black Sea) A
to Olbia.
From the area of the Illyrians (except for
that of the Taulantians.) + Paeonia (see
foldout map in ref 46.) + Chalcidice, S
coast of Thrace + Thessaly, Thrace, along
lower Danube R & along upper Strymon
(Struma) R and Isker R. + Odrysean
Kingdom betw Haimos Mts, (Haimos Mts =
Haemus Mts = Balkan Mt Chain) Aegaen Sea &
Propontus (area around Sea of Marmara). +
Philippopolis, Kabyle, Alexandropolis (nr
S Thracian coast). *{900-181}*
165 84 -335 # N Macedonians H Velika & Zapadna Morava RR C
(Serbia).
From the area of the Illyrians (except for
that of the Taulantians.) + Paeonia (see
foldout map in ref 46.) + Chalcidice, S
coast of Thrace + Thessaly, Thrace, along
lower Danube R & along upper Strymon
(Struma) R and Isker R. + Odrysean
Kingdom betw Haimos Mts, (Haimos Mts =
Haemus Mts = Balkan Mt Chain) Aegaen Sea &
Propontus (area around Sea of Marmara). +
Philippopolis, Kabyle, Alexandropolis (nr
S Thracian coast). *{900-181}* Area of the
Triballi.
40 56 -333 # N Macedonians H AM C
From Macedonia. *{900-181}*
128 18 -313 # N Macedonians H Mangalia in Dobrugea C
From the area of the Illyrians (except for
that of the Taulantians.) + Paeonia (see
foldout map in ref 46.) + Chalcidice, S
coast of Thrace + Thessaly, Thrace, along
lower Danube R & along upper Strymon
(Struma) R and Isker R. + Odrysean
Kingdom betw Haimos Mts, (Haimos Mts =
Haemus Mts = Balkan Mt Chain) Aegaen Sea &
Propontus (area around Sea of Marmara). +
Philippopolis, Kabyle, Alexandropolis (nr
S Thracian coast). + Velika & Zapadna
Morava RR (Serbia). + AM. *{900-182}*
165 88 -229 # N Macedonians H Kosovo, S Serbia & N Macedonia A
(Nis, Skopje, Kursumlijska Banja)
From Macedonia.
40 62 -215 # N Macedonians H Illyria A
From Macedonia.
40 65 -183 -181 N Macedonians H Interior Thrace fighting Bessen in A
Hebros R area, Dentheleti on Upper
Strymon R, Maidae betw Upper
Strymon & Hebres R, reached Haines
(Haemus = Balkan) Mts.
From Macedonia.
900 769 900 # A Macedonians S {Peloponnese} *{900-768}* Q
From Macedonia. For consistency with (900-
768). We actually have no Macedonians
listed as such before 978 AD, but these
are two Macedonian tribes: the Jezerci &
Milinci (acc/to (51-51), 51-52), and (51-
133)) and we have no specific records
to distinguish their location in Macedonia
or in the Peloponnese.
900 768 900 1000 A Macedonians S Peloponnese L
Two Macedonian tribes: the Jezerci &
Milinci. Acc/to (51-51), (51-52), (51-
132), (51-133).
900 715 978 1014 N Macedonians S Zadar to Black Sea & from Srem to C
Aegean. - {W of area settled by
Sagudati (51-120) which is Vardar
RV betw Saloniki & Vereja (Veroia,
Veria). + Vardar RV betw Saloniki
& Vereja (Veroia, Veria). + Betw
Crna & Treska RR betw LL Ohrid &
Prespan, & in N up to Titov Veles Acc/to (51-138). Start date of Macedonian
& Kiceva, YU. + Around Teba (Westbulgarian) Empire (51-138), end date
(Thebae Phthiae) and Demetrias is collapse of Czar Samuilo's Empire (ref
(ancient towns, Demetrias is 149, p.48). From W of area settled by
modern Volos (Bolos) on Gulf of Sagudati {51-120} which is Vardar RV betw
Volos (Pagasitikos Kolpos)) GR. Saloniki & Vereja (Veroia,
(See map 7/8 in Putzger.) + Mesta
R area in Rodope
Mts (BG & N GR). + Struma R area Veria). + Vardar RV betw Saloniki & Vereja
(BG & N GR). + E of Saloniki (Veroia, Veria). + Betw Crna & Treska RR
toward Struma R & Chalcidike, GR. betw LL Ohrid & Prespan, & in N up to
+ Polog(a) area, Macedonia (along Titov Veles & Kiceva, YU. + Around Teba
Upper Vardar R betw Tetovo & (Thebae Phthiae) and Demetrias (ancient
Gostivar) YU.} *(51-138) - {900- towns, Demetrias is modern Volos
714}*
(Bolos) on Gulf of Volos (Pagasitikos
Kolpos)) GR. (See map 7/8 in Putzger.) +
Mesta R area in Rodope Mts (BG & N GR). +
Struma R area (BG & N GR). + E of Saloniki
toward Struma R & Chalcidike, GR. +
Polog(a) area, Macedonia (along Upper
Vardar R betw Tetovo & Gostivar) YU. *{900-
714}*
900 714 978 1100 N Macedonians S {W of area settled by Sagudati (51- L
120) which is Vardar RV betw
Saloniki & Vereja (Veroia,
Veria).} + {Vardar RV betw
Saloniki & Vereja (Veroia,
Veria).} + {Betw Crna & Treska RR
betw LL Ohrid & Prespan, & in N up
to Titov Veles & Kiceva,
YU.} + {Around Teba (Thebae These result from fusion of earlier
Phthiae) and Demetrias (ancient separate tribes of Macedonian Slavs (we
towns, Demetrias is modern Volos record Draguviti, Sagudati, Velegiziti,
(Bolos) on Gulf of Volos Smoljani, Strumljani, Rinhini, Vojniti,
(Pagasitikos Kolpos)) GR. (See map Brsjaci, Jezeriti, Milinci (ref (118-9),
7/8 in Putzger.)} + {Mesta R area (118-10)). Ref 114 considers them
in Rodope Mts (BG & N GR).} + Macedoslavs
{Struma R area (BG
& N GR).} + {E of Saloniki toward and doesn't call them Macedonians until
Struma R & Chalcidike, GR.} 15th C. Start date is start of Macedonian
+{Polog(a) area, Macedonia (along (Westbulgarian) Empire (51-138); end date
Upper Vardar R betw Tetovo & first recorded assimilation (114-7).
Gostivar) YU.} *{900-704} + {900-
705} + * *{900-706} + {900-707} +
* *{900-708} + {900-709} + * *{900-
710} +
{51-125} *
51 136 1000 # A Macedonians H Yugoslav portion of Macedonia I
By Slavs.
114 7 1100 1300 A Macedonians S BG I
This should take care of Macedonian
populations in (51-124) and (51-123). By
Bulgarian Slavs.
900 716 1100 1970 N Macedonians S {W of area settled by Sagudati (51- L
120) which is Vardar RV betw
Saloniki & Vereja (Veroia, Veria).
+ Vardar RV betw Saloniki & Vereja
(Veroia, Veria). + Betw Crna &
Treska RR betw LL Ohrid & Prespan,
& in N up to Titov Veles & Kiceva,
YU. + Around Teba (Thebae Phthiae) Start date for consistency with (114-7).
and Demetrias (ancient towns, End date: still in Macedonia, but some
Demetrias is modern Volos (Bolos) assimilation by Greeks and others
on Gulf of Volos (Pagasitikos undoubtedly took place, but we have
Kolpos)) GR. (See map 7/8 in specific records thereof.
Putzger.) + Mesta R area in Rodope
Mts (BG & N GR). + Struma R area
(BG & N
GR). + E of Saloniki toward Struma
R & Chalcidike, GR. + Polog(a)
area, Macedonia (along Upper
Vardar R betw Tetovo & Gostivar)
YU.} - {BG} *{900-714} - {114-7}*
47 62 -800 -650 A Maedi Y Vardar RV, lower RVV of its E M
tributaries, E part of Macedonian
coastal plain.
Not stated from where. Probably more
northerly area of origin of Illyrian
tribes.
900 276 -800 -450 A Maedi Y {Vardar RV, lower RVV of its E L
tributaries, E part of Macedonian
coastal plain.} *{47-62}*
For consistency with (47-62). End date
open since no source on their
disappearance.
900 277 -700 -429 A Maedi Y Mid Strymon (Struma) RV L
Compiled from (119-8) and (47-63). No
source on how they got there.
165 52 -100 -1 A Maezaei Y Mining area betw Sana & Bosna RR L
(Bosnia & Hercegovina, YU).
234 120 630 700 A Magyars C Between Don R (acc/to (172-40)) M
and Upper Donets region
From along Kama & Belaya RR, modern area
of Bashkiria. *{127-5}*
172 40 630 830 N Magyars C Between Don R (see fig 2) & Upper L
Donets region (acc/to (234-120))
Magyars incl Kabars who were led by
Khazars & contained Chwaresm (T), Alans
(R), & Eskil (later Szekelers, Bulgar-
Turks).
20 3 830 # N Magyars C Etelkoez (area spanning Dnepr, J. M
Bug, Dnestr, and Seret RR)
From between Don R (see fig 2) & Upper
Donets region (acc/to (234-120)) *{172-
40}* Following upheavals in Khazar Empire,
of which they had been vassals. Definition
of Etelkoez from I. Kiszely in ref 172 and
in 1979 A Foeld Nepei Europa
p. 394/5.
18 8 830 895 N Magyars C EtelKoez (Hungarian for land L
between lower reaches of Danube &
Don RR acc/to this author. But we
accept Kiszely's narrower
definition as given in (20-3)).
Start date to conform to (20-3). Pushed
out in 895 by Pechenegi.
234 173 840 # A Magyars C Kiev C
From EtelKoez (Hungarian for land between
lower reaches of Danube & Don RR acc/to
this author. But we accept Kiszely's
narrower definition as given in (20-3)).
*{18-8}*
32 48 840 878 N Magyars C Kiev L
Pushed out by Viking chief. Start date to
conform to (234-173).
36 1 896 # N Magyars C Carpathian basin incl. modern H up M
to its border with A, N into
Slovakia, E to Transylvania & S
somewhat beyond Drave R. (cf
detailed map in ref. use colors
coded 1 & 3)
From EtelKoez (Hungarian for land between
lower reaches of Danube & Don RR acc/to
this author. But we accept Kiszely's
narrower definition as given in (20-3)).
*{18-8}* The Magyars were also heavily
Turcic in ethnic makeup.
20 10 899 955 A Magyars C D, F, I, N Spain A
From Carpathian basin incl. modern H up to
its border with A, N into Slovakia, E to
Transylvania & S somewhat beyond Drave R.
(cf detailed map in ref. use colors coded
1&3). *{900-797}*. These are separate
attacks. Dates for most can
be obtained from Putzger, p. 39, map II,
but most detailed depiction of areas is in
Fig 27 of ref 20. These attacks ceased
after Magyar defeat at Lechfeld in 955.
Magyar leaders were captured & executed.
133 58 900 906 N Magyars C Lower A (up to Enns R) & Greater A
Moravian Empire
From Carpathian basin incl. modern H up to
its border with A, N into Slovakia, E to
Transylvania & S somewhat beyond Drave R.
(cf detailed map in ref. use colors coded
1&3) *{900-797}*
149 23 934 959 N Magyars C Byzantine Emp.(Balkans) (up to A
Constantinople) (see Muir'sAtlas,
p. 14)
From Carpathian basin incl. modern H up to
its border with A, N into Slovakia, E to
Transylvania & S somewhat beyond Drave R.
(cf detailed map in ref. use colors coded
1&3) *{900-797}*
157 1 -2100 -1300 A Maliq U Albania L
Culture: Including Maliq IIIa through
IIId. End date acc/to (385-6). Author
believes that this represents new ethnic
element. Not stated from where they came.
Supposedly mixed with local Eneolithic
population.
227 10 1265 1268 N Mamluks E Cilician Armenia (AM), Antioch C
From Egypt. Mamluks are a dynasty derived
from slaves imported from Turkic (1250-
1382 AD) and Circassian (1382-1517 AD)
speaking areas. By this time they must
have spoken Arabic.
12 127 -60 # N Marcomanni G Bohemia A
From area betw. Regensburg & Bamberg. *{12-
126}* Aided by Dacians. Total Marcomanni
pop estimated at 25K men, 125K total.
12 126 -60 -9 N Marcomanni G Betw. Regensburg & Bamberg L
End date to conform to (12-138). Descended
from part of Suebi (acc/to ref 12). Rest
of tribe after departure of main group to
Bohemia is called Naristi (acc/to (12-
140)).
12 138 -9 # A Marcomanni G Bohemia Q
From area between Regensburg & Bamberg.
*{12-126}* At this time 25K men, 125K
total population. After King Marbod's
departure in 19 AD, population estimated
at 18K men, 90K total population.
12 139 -9 # N Marcomanni G Coast of Flanders R
End date provisional. From area between
Regensburg & Bamberg. *{12-126}* Small
group resettled in Roman Empire.
14 5 -9 500 A Marcomanni G Bohemia L
12 147 89 92 N Marcomanni G {Lower A N of Danube & S E
Moravia}*{133-13}*
From Bohemia. *{14-5}*
900 528 89 500 A Marcomanni G {Lower A N of Danube & S Moravia} L
*{12-147}*
End date to conform to (14-5).
11 16 166 # N Marcomanni G RP Venetia A
From Bohemia + Lower A, N of Danube & S
Moravia. *{14-5} + {900-528}*
12 148 166 180 N Marcomanni G RP Pannonia, Raetia, Noricum A
From Bohemia + Lower A, N of Danube & S
Moravia. *{14-5} + {900-528}*
133 16 253 # N Marcomanni G Pannonia RP A
From Bohemia + Lower A, N of Danube & S
Moravia. *{14-5} + {900-528}*
133 20 400 # A Marcomanni G Vienna Basin R
By Romans. Part of tribe only. From
Bohemia + Lower A, N of Danube & S
Moravia. *{14-5} + {900-528}*
12 152 488 533 A Marcomanni G RP Noricum Ripense same as Upper Q
A, W of Enns R.
From Bohemia. *{14-5}* These are called
Bayuvars in original reference. The
descent of Bayuvars from Marcomanni is not
firmly established.
14 7 500 550 A Marcomanni G Former RP Raetia along U Danube R M
From Bohemia + Lower A, N of Danube & S
Moravia. *{14-5} + {900-528}*
169 34 500 900 A Mari F W of Vetluga, in areas of Gorkij, L
Kirov, & part of Kostroma up to
Unsa R.
Syn. Cheremiss. Start date: guess to
correspond with other Finnic tribes. End
date: we assume they were displaced by
Krivice.
900 791 900 # A Mari F {Mari ASSR, Bashkiria, Kirov area, M
Tatar ASSR.} *{169-33}*
From W of Vetluga, in areas of Gorkij,
Kirov, & part of Kostroma up to Unsa R.
*{169-34}* Syn. Cheremiss. Date to conform
to (169-34).
169 33 900 1970 N Mari F Mari ASSR, Bashkiria, Kirov area, L
Tatar ASSR.
Start date to conform to (900-791). End
date: still there. 300-1000K people. The
population figures from this book (213-14,
a generally more detailed reference than
212) have been updated from 1970 census.
Figures obtained from the Encyclopedia
Brittanica. (Syn Cheremiss.) But (229-20)
gives the following figures: In Mari ASSR
307K, in Bashkir ASSR 107K, in Tatar ASSR
17K.
232 62 1275 1285 N Marinids E Jerez to Seville A
From Morocco.
232 70 1275 1333 N Marinids E Granada Q
From Morocco.
383 39 -1800 -1100 N Marjaniv-Bondar U Psiol & Donec RR area, SU, see map L
13a (35); "Archeologicky Atlas
Evropy A Ceskoslovenska."
End date acc/to (386-33). Full culture
name: "Marjaniv-Bondarichin."
12 191 -27 50 N Marsi G Between Lippe & Ruhr R L
Dates acc/to (183-24), (187-2). Fragment
of Sugambri. End date to conform to onset
of Chattuarii, their descendants (Abb 63,
ref 184).
230 15 -800 -500 A Mastieni U Segura RV (E) L
These are Iberians.
26 9 -1600 -1400 A Matera U Apulia, NE Sicily L
Culture. First area in S I to show Indo-
European influences.
368 3 1 200 N Mazaei Y Una & Vrbas RR area, S of Sava R; L
Grmec & Kozara regions, W YU.
Pannonian tribe acc/to Strabo.
900 717 400 1000 N Mazovcane S Middle Vistula R (incl Warsaw), PL. L
Start date from end of (301-16), supported
by (14-2), end date (147-19), (see p.32).
Will become part of Poles.
313 19 -1300 -900 A Medes R E of Zagros Mts, & N of Caspian L
Sea.
Group of Iranians.
313 20 -900 -800 N Medes R Zagros Mt area, TR M
Nominal vassals of Assyria. From area E of
Zagros Mts, & N of Caspian Sea. *{313-19}*
900 228 -900 -550 N Medes R {Zagros Mt area, TR} *{313-20}* L
Conquered by Persians.
122 16 -600 # A Medes R Urartu (modern Azerbadjan, capital C
at Sakiz, controlled lands W of
Halys R).
From Zagros Mt area, TR. *{900-228}*
900 274 -600 -550 A Medes R {Urartu (modern Azerbadjan, L
capital at Sakiz, controlled lands
W of Halys R).} *{122-16}*
Conquered by Persians.
224 28 -590 -585 N Medes R W AM at Sardis nr Izmir A
From E of Halys R (actually Urartu, see
(122-16)).
27 114 -650 -600 A Mediomatrici K Lower Lorraine, Vosges Mts (for M
more precise location see ref 352)
From Champagne, F.
352 18 -650 100 A Mediomatrici K Region spanning Meuse, Moselle & L
Saar RR betw Virodunum
(Verdum),Divodurum (Metz) to
approx. Saarbruecken.
Start date to conform to (27-114). End
date acc/to (353-19). 'Pure Kelts,'
according to map legend.
153 19 -3000 -1800 A Megalith U Britain L
Culture. Stone Circles. Calibrated BC
dates.
305 2 -1500 -1200 A Megalith U Betw Seine, Loire, Rhone RR, F and L
Sava, Duna (Danube) and Odra
(Oder) RR, D, DDR, A, CS, PL, H,
YU.
Culture.
388 22 -800 -600 N Melaun U Adige R area, Alps of I & W A, see L
map 18a (21a); "Archeologicky
Atlas Evropy A Ceskoslovenska."
Culture. Start date to conform to (387-
21). Probably continued as Melaun-Fritzen
culture (389-4).
389 4 -150 -50 N Melaun-Fritzen U W A, see map 20a (4); L
"Archeologicky Atlas Evropy A
Ceskoslovenska."
Group.
383 24 -1800 -1700 N Meranovo U Betw Upper Wista & Upper Warta RR, L
S PL, see map 13a(21);
"Archeologicky Atlas Evropy A
Ceskoslovenska."
Culture.
900 790 400 1000 A Merya F Area between Kostroma, Rostov and L
Suzdal (NE of Moscow, see map ref
328)
Syn. Merja. Start date acc/to (363-11).
End date acc/to (13-64). West Finnic tribe.
13 64 1000 1100 A Merya F {Area between Kostroma, Rostov and I
Suzdal (NE of Moscow, see map ref
328)} *{900-790}*
Syn. Merja. By Slavs (Krivice).
900 319 -1200 -1100 A Messapii Y Albania L
For consistency with (900-320).
900 320 -1100 -1000 A Messapii Y Area of Apulia, S I, marked M
Messapii on map 3, ref 164.
Acc/to (157-6), (51-23), (26-24). From
Albania. *{900-319}*
900 321 -1100 -1 A Messapii Y {Area of Apulia, S I, marked L
Messapii on map 3, ref 164.} *{900-
320}*
Acc/to (139-11). Also, acc/to (51-23) they
were grecized to a great degree.
382 3 -2200 -1900 N MiddleBronzeAge U Cyclades, Thessaly, Greek L
Macedonia, see map 12a (1c, d,e);
"Archeologicky Atlas Evropy A
Ceskoslovenska."
Full culture name: Old & Beginning of
Middle Bronze Age.
383 2 -1850 -1700 N MiddleBronzeAge U Crete, see map 13a (2); L
"Archeologicky Atlas Evropy A
Ceskoslovenska."
"Minoan" culture. Full name: Middle Bronze
Age.
383 1 -1800 -1700 N MiddleBronzeAge U GR & Macedonia, see map 13a (1); L
"Archeologicky Atlas Evropy A
Ceskoslovenska."
"Helladic" culture. Full name: Middle
Bronze Age.
385 48 -1400 -1300 N MiddleBronzeAge U Iberia (except SE), W F (except L
Brittany), see map 15a (41);
"Archeologicky Atlas Evropy A
Ceskoslovenska."
Full culture name: Border groups of the
Middle Bronze Age.
384 5 -1650 -1300 N M.BronzeAgeComp U Middle Danube R basin, NE YU, SW L
ROM, NW BG, see map 14a (3);
"Archeologicky Atlas Evropy A
Ceskoslovenska."
End date acc/to (385-5). Culture includes
Slatina Group, Verbicioara Culture,
Vattina-Vrsac-Girla Mare Culture. Also
Paracin Culture & Dubovac Zuto-Brdo group
later on. Full name: Middle Bronze Age
Complex.
386 10 -1200 -1100 N M. Bulgarian U Rhodope Mtn area, BG & GR, see map L
16a (10); "Archeologicky Atlas
Evropy A Ceskoslovenska."
Full culture name: "Middle Bulgarian Late
Bronze Age."
222 4 -1850 -1550 A Middle Cypriot U Cyprus L
Culture in Middle Bronze.
386 4 -1200 -1100 N M.DanubeInciner U H, N YU & S CS, see map 16a (5a- L
e); "Archeologicky Atlas Evropy A
Ceskoslovenska."
Several groups included within this
culture. Full name: Middle Danube
Incinerary Urn.
13 6 -1450 -1200 A MDMGC U Middle course of Danube & L
bordering Czech areas.
Full name: Middle Danube mound grave
culture. (The abbrev. MDMGC has been added
to the people synonyms list.)
48 26 -800 -600 A Mid Hallstatt U ROM L
Culture. Presumably not Celtic speakers.
They include the Basarabi which may equal
our Besarabi (388-16), coded U by us, and
may therefore duplicate the information.
382 1 -2200 -1900 N Middle Helladic U GR, see map 12a (1a); L
"Archeologicky Atlas Evropy A
Ceskoslovenska."
901 95 -100 1 A Mid Iron Age U S SCA L
For consistency with (170-6). Dates
conservative.
170 6 1 400 A Mid Iron Age U N SCA incl N of Arctic Circle E
From S SCA.
901 96 1 400 A Mid Iron Age U {S SCA} + {N SCA incl N of Arctic L
Circle} *{901-95} + {170-6}*
For consistency with (170-6).
382 2 -2200 -1850 N Middle Minoan U Crete, see map 12a (1b); L
"Archeologicky Atlas Evropy A
Ceskoslovenska."
900 101 -800 150 A Milograd B N Ukraine & S Belorussia, see map L
17a (32); 'Archeologicky Atlas
Evropy A Ceskoslovenska'. + N
Ukraine & S Belorussia, see map
18a (35); 'Archeologicky Atlas
Evropy A Ceskoslovenska'. + Pripet
R, Dnepr R.
Acc/to (387-34), (387-35), (38-15). Acc/to
(38-15), coexisted with Zarubincy between -
150 to 150.
900 674 650 # A Milziane S {Oberlausitz (DDR)} *{33-34}* M
From Oder R area (see Abb.3 in ref 148).
Acc/to (148-5), (148-6), (148-7), & (148-
8).
33 34 650 1200 A Milziane S Oberlausitz (DDR) L
(Syn. Milcane, Milzener). Start date to
conform to (900-674). End date based on
ref 148-Abb.3 where they are called Sorbs,
speaking Sorbic. Ultimately they became
the High or Upper Sorbic speakers. Ref 14
says that they formed part of
the Greater Moravian Empire. Part of
Lausitz Serbs or Sorbs.
21 1 -3000 -1600 A Minoan U Crete L
Culture.
900 144 -1600 -1300 N Minoan U Crete L
(To connect (21-1) and (385-2).) Culture.
901 212 1350 # A Moldavians I Moldavia (Romanian and SSR) Q
From Transylvania. Source: Encyclopaedia
Brittanica.
31 43 1150 1175 A Mongols M Steppes N of China around Onon R L
nr Dulun-Boldag.
31 44 1175 1200 N Mongols M Central Asia (Mongolia) E
From Steppes N of China around Onon R nr
Dulun-Boldag. *{31-43}*
129 52 1218 1241 N Mongols M Qara-Qytai, Chorezm (Buchara, C
Samarkand, Gurgang) Kuman Empire
in S Russia, Persia. (See map
entitled 'Feldzuege und Reich
Dschingis- Chans' following p.376
in xerox.)
From Central Asia (Mongolia). *{31-44}*
200 1 1221 # N Mongols M Sea of Azov coast A
From Qara-Qytai, Chorezm (Buchara,
Samarkand, Gurgang) Kuman Empire in S
Russia, Persia. (See map entitled
'Feldzuege und Reich Dschingis- Chans'
following p.376 in xerox.) *{129-52}*
200 5 1222 # N Mongols M Dnestr R banks A
From Qara-Qytai, Chorezm (Buchara,
Samarkand, Gurgang) Kuman Empire in S
Russia, Persia. (See map entitled
'Feldzuege und Reich Dschingis- Chans'
following p.376 in xerox.) *{129-52}*
32 58 1223 1245 N Mongols M Russian Empire (See map p.60, in C
Putzger, Lendl, Wagner.)
From Central Asia (Mongolia). *{31-44}*
32 59 1223 1350 A Mongols M W Russia (Ukraine & Byelorussia) L
32 60 1223 1350 A Mongols M E Russia (Muscovite Empire) L
Located within the separate Khanate of the
Golden Horde. Here the population was less
urbanised & partly nomadic, consequently,
Mongol rule lasted longer in Russia, (for
200 more years following Mongke's death in
1259): comment acc/to
(336-13).
200 18 1238 # N Mongols M N Caucasus A
From Central Asia (Mongolia). *{31-44}*
200 21 1240 # N Mongols M PL, Lithuania A
With 20K men. From Russia.
335 2 1240 # N Mongols M Lublin, Sandomir, Khmelnik Cracow, A
Ratibor, Oppeln, Breslau, Liegnitz
(Legnica), PL.
One route taken by Batu's armies. From
Russia.
200 23 1241 # N Mongols M Moldavia, Wallachia Transylvania, A
SE H, Moravia, Silesia, Esztergom
(H), Udine (I).
From Russia.
334 7 1241 # N Mongols M Mohi, in modern day H (nr Eger). A
Mongols routed Hungarians here; part of a
two-pronged assault on Poland & Hungary.
From Qara-Qytai, Chorezm (Buchara,
Samarkand, Gurgang) Kuman Empire in S
Russia, Persia. (See map entitled
'Feldzuege und Reich Dschingis- Chans'
following
p.376 in xerox.) *{129-52}*
236 23 1241 1242 N Mongols M Erzurum (AM) C
From Caucasus.
901 215 1245 # A Mongols M {W Russia (Ukraine & C
Byelorussia)} - area of the
{Russian Empire (See map p.60, in
Putzger, Lendl, Wagner.)} *{32-
59} - {32-58}*
For consistency with (32-58) and (32-59).
From C Asia (Mongolia?). *{31-44}*
229 15 1250 # A Mongols M Crimea S
From E Russia (Muscovite Empire). *{32-
60}* Offshoot of Golden Horde. They became
Crimean Tatars.
200 26 1285 # N Mongols M Transylvania A
From Russia.
200 27 1286 # N Mongols M PL A
From Russia.
900 368 1350 1450 A Mongols M {E Russia (Muscovite Empire)} *{32- I
60}*
Located within the separate Khanate of the
Golden Horde. Here the population was less
urbanised & partly nomadic, consequently,
Mongol rule lasted longer in Russia, (for
200 more years following Mongke's death in
1259): comment acc/to
(336-13). Became Turkicized by the Turkic
tribes (Kipchaks) they ruled. New amalgam
of peoples called Tatars.
336 3 1370 1405 A Mongols M N, across Syr Darya R & N of Aral A
Sea, across Ural Mt area & W to
Astrakhan, on Volga R nr Caspian
Sea.
By Timur's army. From Samarkand, betw Syr
Darya & Amu-Darya RR, S of Aral Sea, SU.
*{336-1}* There was a Mongol ruling
stratum, organized into separate
'Khanates' which had gone independent ways
upon the death of Mongke, in 1259. Under
him there had been a short lived unity of
the Mongol empire.
336 5 1370 1405 A Mongols M Tabriz, N Iran A
From Astrakhan, SU, via Caucasus Mts.
Lands S of Caucasus Mts are located within
Timur's Empire.
130 12 1402 1404 N Mongols M AM (all the way to Izmir.) A
Timur's army coming from Persia.
383 34 -1800 -1550 N Monte Claro U Sardinia, Corsica, see map 13a L
(30); "Archeologicky Atlas Evropy
A Ceskoslovenska."
Culture. Incl. Megalith culture of Corsica
(225-9). End date acc/to (384-56).
48 6 -1700 -1300 A Monteoru U NE Muntenia & Moldova (Moldavia), L
ROM (see Fig. 4 in ref 173)
Culture.
232 60 950 1000 N Moors E Leon R
From Andalusia. Dates to correspond
approximately to Almanzor's reign.
232 59 1100 1150 A Moors E Galicia R
Dates correspond to Portugese reconquista.
From C & S P.
232 74 1406 # N Moors E Murcia A
From Granada.
900 743 500 600 A Moravians S C & S Moravia (see map 302, M
Moravane), CS.
From N in E PL (acc/to (19-22)). Implied
since (19-22) talks about W. Slavs only.
These are a Czech tribe. *Location acc/to
(302-40).*
900 744 500 900 A Moravians S {C & S Moravia (see map 302, L
Moravane), CS.} *{900-734}*
Start date to conform to (900-743). End
date is arbitrary. No evidence for
individual tribes after 900 AD. After that
date we will group and call the Czech
Slavs as Czechs, Moravians and Slovaks.
Between 623-658 they were part of the
Greater Moravian Empire. (Syn. Mahrharii).
900 748 900 1970 A Moravians S Moravia, CS L
This is a union of Moravians & Holasici.
Start date to conform to (900-744) & (900-
746). End date, still present to date.
229 21 500 1970 A Mordvins F Mordvin (Mordovskaja) ASSR, L
Chuvash ASSR, Tatar ASSR. Also
Penza area (acc/to (169-35)).
Start date: guess to correspond to other
Finnic tribes. End date: still there. In
Mordvin ASSR 339K, in Chuvash ASSR 20K, in
Tatar ASSR 30K. Consists of 3 subtribes:
Ersja (Erzas), Moksha & Terjukhans.
180 5 -100 1 N Morini K Yser (Ijser) R basin, B L
Dates approximate around Caesar's time.
One of the tribes of the Belgae.
Population estimate for (180-5) through
(180-11) (but excl (180-8)) is 525 K
people.
391 3 300 400 N Moscin U Upper Oka R & Moscow area, SU, see L
map 22a (5); "Archeologicky Atlas
Evropy A Ceskoslovenska."
A "group," not a "culture."
385 8 -1400 -1250 N Mound Grave U C F, D, CS, W H, NE YU, see map 15 L
a (6a-g); "Archeologicky Atlas
Evropy A Ceskoslovenska."
Culture. End date interpolation between
this record and (386-21). Syn.
Huegelgraeber. Believed by (27-3) to have
been Proto-Celtic.
386 21 -1250 -1100 N Mound Grave U Betw Seine, Loire & Rhine RR, F, L
see map 16a (20); "Archeologicky
Atlas Evropy A Ceskoslovenska."
(Syn. Huegelgraeber). A type of "Funerary
Urn Culture." Start date interpolated
between this record and (385-8).
Contraction over (385-8) may be more
apparent than real. Cultures elswhere
renamed. In general succeeded by Funerary
Urns.
328 9 1054 1242 N Muroma F Area near Murom & Oka R, SU L
Probably ancestral Mordvins. East Finnic
group acc/to ref 234.
313 10 -1200 -1165 A Mushki O Kashiari Mtns, SW of Lake Van, TR M
From Europe. May have been different wave
of Phrygians, but other scholars think
they came via E of Black Sea and joined
Phrygians after an attempt to thrust
southward to Mesopotamia was checked by
Assyrians in 1115 BC.
901 90 -1200 -1115 N Mushki O {Kashiari Mtns, SW of Lake Van, L
TR} *{313-10}*
Start date: to conform to (313-10); end
date: to conform to (313-12).
313 12 -1115 # A Mushki O W to Halys R area W of Amanus M
Mtns, TR.
From Kashiari Mtns, SW of Lake Van, TR.
*{313-10}* Joined Phrygians.
900 136 -1550 -1100 A Mycenaeans H Mainland GR with center around L
Mycenae.
Compromise start date between (384-1) and
(153-21) to conform to Ploetz date of 1580
BC arrival of Achaeans of whom the
Mycenaeans formed a subgroup. Conquered
and dispersed by 1100 BC acc/to (160-6).
21 3 -1400 # A Mycenaeans H Crete S
From Greek mainland (Mycenae and
surrounding areas). Added to original
population.
224 31 -1250 # N Mycenaeans H Iasus, Mueskebi (Halicarnassus S
peninsula), Miletus, Colophon (all
Aegean AM).
From Greek mainland (Mycenae and
surrounding areas).
119 2 -1750 -1650 A Mysians P NW margins BG, NE Serbia L
Origin ambiguous. Termination date from
reference 39 by same author.
39 4 -1650 # A Mysians P SE Balkans E
From NW Balkans (Danube R area).
900 254 -1650 -1 A Mysians P {SE Balkans} + {NW margins BG, NE L
Serbia} *{39-4} + {119-2}*
Acc/to ref 165. Probably Romanized.
119 3 -1500 # A Mysians P Anatolia (to NW of peninsula, see S
Mysia, p.16, Putzger/Lendl/Wagner
Atlas.)
From SE Balkans. *{39-4}*
900 278 -1400 -1000 A Mysians P Rhyndakos & Makestos RV modern S
Adirnas Tschai & Susorlu Tschai
RV. (This is NW AM, see Mysia,
p.16, Putzger/Lendl/Wagner Atlas.)
+ Caicus (Bakir) RV
Acc/to (39-6). They came in waves from SE
Balkans. *{39-4}*
900 279 -1400 -800 A Mysians P {Rhyndakos & Makestos RV modern L
Adirnas Tschai & Susorlu Tschai
RV. (This is NW AM, see Mysia,
p.16, Putzger/Lendl/Wagner Atlas.)
+ Caicus (Bakir) RV} *{900-278}*
Acc/to (39-6) and (224-36). We assume that
they existed in all of Mysia, not just
Bakir RV.
355 7 -100 1 N Nantuates U Berner Alps area, near immediately L
S of E L Geneva, around Aigle, on
Rhone R, CH.
Probably Celtic tribe.
12 140 -9 100 N Naristi G {Betw. Regensburg & Bamberg} *{12- L
126}*
End date from Tacitus (see ref 133, p.13).
Residual Marcomanni in the original area,
renamed Naristi or Varisti.
383 11 -1800 -1700 N Nayrev U Between Danube & Tisza RR, C H, L
see map 13a(9); "Archeologicky
Atlas Evropy A Ceskoslovenska."
Culture. Including Csepel (= Protonagyrev)
group.
12 133 -100 -61 A Nemetes G N Baden nr Neckar R, D L
Start date: conservative guess. End date
to conform to (12-136). Celticized
Germanic tribe.
12 136 -61 -9 N Nemetes G Palatinate centered at Speyer, D E
From N. Baden nr Neckar R, D *{12-133}*
Combines information from this ref., (353-
16), and (12-144). Celticized Germanic
tribe.
900 971 -61 100 A Nemetes G {Palatinate centered at Speyer, D} L
+ {N. Baden nr Neckar R, D} *{12-
136} + {12-133}*
Start date to conform to (12-136). End
date conservative bound based on (353-16).
143 22 -800 -700 A Nemeti K Betw Main R & Taunus Mts L
Start date: guess. End date to conform to
(27-56). Niedermockstadt culture group.
27 56 -700 -650 A Nemeti K Asturia, E M
From between Main & Taunus Mts *{143-22}*
Pushed out by Germanic tribes.
900 970 -700 -600 A Nemeti K {Asturia, E} *{27-56}* L
For consistency with (27-56) and (27-123).
27 123 -600 -550 A Nemeti K Castilian High Plains W
From Asturia, E *{27-56}*
27 128 -550 -500 A Nemeti K Castilian High Plains I
By Belgae.
901 81 250 1000 A Nenets O {Taiga of W Siberia where S group L
of Vogul now live or even further
S, but N of 57} *{41-8}*
Start date to conform to (901-80); end
date to conform to (901-82). Dates reflect
breakup of Samoyeds into N & S groups
acc/to ref 41, but we have no dates for
breakup of N Samoyeds into Nenets, Enets,
& Nganasan.
901 82 1000 # A Nenets O {N of E Europe & W Siberia. Tundra M
from mouth of N Dvina R to mouth
of Yenisey R on Kanin Penin, on
little Tundra (Malaya Zemlya) betw
Mezer & Pechora RR, on Great
Tundra (Bol'shay Zemlya) betw
Pechora R & Ural Mts, on Yamel
Penin, on
Ob R delta along Nadyn, lower Pur, From Taiga of W Siberia where S group of
lower Taz, lower Yenisey RR Vogul now live or even further S, but N of
islands, nr coast, specifically 57. *{41-8}* Date acc/to ref 41.
Kolguyev, Vayzach, Novaya Zemlya,
Belyy. Also forest region of
middle Ob R.} *{41-1}*
41 1 1000 1970 A Nenets O N of E Europe & W Siberia. Tundra L
from mouth of N Dvina R to mouth
of Yenisey R on Kanin Penin, on
little Tundra (Malaya Zemlya) betw
Mezer & Pechora RR, on Great
Tundra (Bol'shay Zemlya) betw
Pechora R & Ural Mts, on Yamel
Penin, on
Ob R delta along Nadyn, lower Pur, Syn Yurak, a tribe of N. Samoyeds, Uralic
lower Taz, lower Yenisey RR speakers. Start date to conform to (901-
islands, nr coast, specifically 82); end date still there. In 1960, 10-50
Kolguyev, Vayzach, Novaya Zemlya, K (upper bound seems high; E article on
Belyy. Also forest region of Uralic language mentions 24K) acc/to (213-
middle Ob R. 23).
180 7 -100 1 N Nervi K S Brabant, Hainaut, B L
Dates approximate around Caesar's time.
One of the tribes of the Belgae.
Population estimate for (180-5) through
(180-11) (but excl (180-8)) is 525 K
people. Refs (352-15) & (361-19) refer to
them as mixed with Germanics.
900 103 -800 -500 A Neuri B Moscow, Vitebsk, Chernigov See L
under Plain Pottery or Jukhnovo
group, fig 297, xerox. + W
Ukraine, Volhynia, Kiev
May be proto-Slavs, or proto-Balts acc/to
(13-1). *(Place description can be
attributed to * *(37-5) + (13-1). *
182 3 -550 -300 A Nienburger G Weser-Aller RR area & E up to area L
just before N Harz Mts. (See
hatching 9, Abb 50.)
Date acc/to karte 2, p.96. At one time
thought to be ancestors of Cherusci &
Angrivarii. Not clear whether really so.
302 25 800 1000 A Nisane S Around Dresden, DDR L
End date supported by ref 371. (Syn.
Nisene). Part of Lausitz Serbs. Date when
assimilated by Germanic speakers not
found, but no Slavic speakers located
there today.
17 27 -275 # A Nitiobriges K Agenais region of F M
From where not stated.
383 22 -1800 -1700 N Nitran U Lower Vah R area, C S, see map L
13a(19); "Archeologicky Atlas
Evropy A Ceskoslovenska."
Culture.
302 22 800 1000 A Nizici S Area NE of Mulde R, around Dessau, L
DDR.
End date supported by (371-9). (Syn.
Nisici). Part of Lausitz Serbs. Date when
assimilated by Germanic speakers not
found, but no Slavic speakers located
there today.
29 2 -1500 -500 A Non-Germanics U N SCA, most of SF, E Baltic L
Non (Pre) Germanic Scandinavian pops.
"Stone age cultures."
360 1 -2200 -1500 N Nordic Culture G N from Elbe R area around Luebeck L
& Hamburg, D & into DK.
Time period = Late Neolithic; marking
early spread of this culture.
900 460 -1500 -1200 A Nordic Culture G Lower Weser R in W to lower Oder R E
in E, in S up to a line from
Bremen to S Mecklenburg boundary.
+ S & C S, SW & W SF
Combination of (29-1) & (29-3). From area
N from Elbe R area around Luebeck &
Hamburg, D & into DK. *{360-1}*
900 461 -1500 -800 A Nordic Culture G {N from Elbe R area around Luebeck L
& Hamburg, D & into DK.} +
{Lower Weser R in W to lower Oder For consistency with (900-460) & (29-4).
R in E, in S up to a line from
Bremen to S Mecklenburg boundary.
+ S & C S, SW & W SF} *{360-1} +
{900-460}*
29 4 -800 -500 A Nordic Culture G Westphalia up to Mt. threshhold; N E
parts of Saxony & Thuringia in the
S In the W up to N NL, in the E up
to lower Vistula R. SW & W SF area
expanded & there were colonies in
the E Baltic.
From area N from Elbe R area around
Luebeck & Hamburg, D & into DK. +
Lower Weser R in W to lower Oder R in E,
in S up to a line from Bremen to S
Mecklenburg boundary. + S & C S, SW & W
SF. *{900-461}*
900 307 -750 -400 A Norici Y Noricum RP (Salzburg, U. A, L. A, L
Styria, Carinthia (provinces of
modern A)).
Acc/to (133-3). Earlier date acc/to (27-
30). Replaced by Keltic-speaking
population of same name.
900 308 -400 -1 A Norici K {Noricum RP (Salzburg, U. A, L. A, L
Styria, Carinthia (Provinces of
modern A))} *{900-307}*
May be Kelticized earlier Illyrian
population.
154 12 1029 1087 N Normans I S I, Sicily (see ref 331) C
From Normandy. End date to include
Syracuse acc/to (331-21).
901 69 1029 1194 A Normans I {S I, Sicily (see ref 331)} *{154- I
12}*
By indigenous population. Start date to
conform to (154-12); end date: conquest of
Sicily by Henry VI. Based on info in
Finley, Smith & Duggan: History of Sicily.
154 11 1066 # N Normans I England C
From Normandy. 4-7 K cavalry & infantry
(acc/to Encyclopaedia Brittanica).
901 68 1066 1300 A Normans I {England} *{154-11}* I
By Anglo-Saxons.
326 3 1081 1085 N Normans I Durres (Albania) & Corfu, A
Kastoria, Larisa, & around
Preveza, GR.
Start date acc/to (149-31). From Brindisi,
SE coast I (see (326-2)).
331 22 1090 # N Normans I Malta C
Saracen lands since 950 successfully
conquered by Normans. Ref suggests from
Normandy, but more likely they came from
Sicily, conquered earlier.
154 13 1098 # N Normans I Antioch C
From France. By 1099 1.2 to 1.5K cavalry &
12K soldiers acc/to (227-2).
326 5 1147 # N Normans I Islands of Corfu, Kefallinia, A
Zakinthos (islands W of GR) & thru
Gulf of Corinth to Korinthos,
Athens, & Monemvasia, GR.
From Sicily.
326 7 1185 # N Normans I Durres (Albania), Ochrid (YU), A
Thessaloniki, Xanthi (GR)
From Brindisi, I.
326 8 1185 # N Normans I Corfu, Zakinthos Islands, & around N
S of GR to Aegean Sea & towards
Thessaloniki GR.
From Brindisi, I.
110 56 180 # A N. Africans O Pannonia RP Q
From N Africa. Roman legion.
901 92 305 # N N. Africans O Pannonia RP Q
From N. Africa. Roman legion. Acc/to (110-
56).
384 39 -1650 -1550 N N. Belorussian U N Belorussia, SU, see map 14a L
(32); "Archeologicky Atlas Evropy
A Ceskoslovenska."
Culture.
385 12 -1475 -1300 N N. Early Bronze U DK, NW D, S S, SE corner of N, see L
map 15a (9); "Archeologicky Atlas
Evropy A Ceskoslovenska."
Culture. Full name: Northern Early Bronze
Age.
901 111 -1300 -1200 A N. Early Bronze U NW D (W of Elbe), NL, S N E
From DK, NW D, S S, SE corner of N, see
map 15a (9); "Archeologicky Atlas Evropy A
Ceskoslovenska." *{385-12}* Culture.
Inferred from (385-12) and (386-46).
386 46 -1300 -1100 N N. Early Bronze U NL, DK, N D & DDR, S S & N (= (385- L
12) + (901-111)), see map 16a (3);
"Archeologicky Atlas Evropy A
Ceskoslovenska."
Culture. Start date to conform to (901-
111). Full name: Northern Early Bronze Age.
901 112 -1100 -800 N N. Early Bronze U W N, PL (E of Oder R), SW NL E
From NL, DK, N D & DDR, S S & N. *{386-
46}* Culture. Inferred from (386-46) &
(387-3).
387 3 -1100 -600 N N. Early Bronze U S S, S N, D, DK, NL, DDR (= (386- L
46) + (901-112)), see map 17a (3);
"Archeologicky Atlas Evropy A
Ceskoslovenska."
Culture from "period V" acc/to authors.
Full name: Northern Early Bronze Age.
Start date to conform to (901-112). End
date acc/to (388-4).
363 1 -1000 -750 N N. Germanics G NE Estonia, N of Kasari R S
From area N from Elbe R area around
Luebeck & Hamburg, D & into DK. +
Lower Weser R in W to lower Oder R in E,
in S up to a line from Bremen to S
Mecklenburg boundary. + S & C S, SW & W
SF. *{900-461}*
363 2 -1000 -750 N N. Germanics G Hiumma & Saaremad, & W coast Muhu, S
off the W coast Estonia in Baltic
Sea.
From area N from Elbe R area around
Luebeck & Hamburg, D & into DK. +
Lower Weser R in W to lower Oder R in E,
in S up to a line from Bremen to S
Mecklenburg boundary. + S & C S, SW & W
SF. *{900-461}*
363 3 -1000 -750 N N. Germanics G C Latvia, betw Gulf of Riga, Roja, S
& Daugava R; Kurzeme region.
From area N from Elbe R area around
Luebeck & Hamburg, D & into DK. +
Lower Weser R in W to lower Oder R in E,
in S up to a line from Bremen to S
Mecklenburg boundary. + S & C S, SW & W
SF. *{900-461}*
363 4 -1000 -750 N N. Germanics G Area betw Daugava & Gauja RR & E S
to around Issa R; Vidzeme region.
From area N from Elbe R area around
Luebeck & Hamburg, D & into DK. +
Lower Weser R in W to lower Oder R in E,
in S up to a line from Bremen to S
Mecklenburg boundary. + S & C S, SW & W
SF. *{900-461}*
363 5 -1000 -750 N N. Germanics G Latgale area, N of Dvina R S
From area N from Elbe R area around
Luebeck & Hamburg, D & into DK. +
Lower Weser R in W to lower Oder R in E,
in S up to a line from Bremen to S
Mecklenburg boundary. + S & C S, SW & W
SF. *{900-461}*
386 43 -1200 -1100 N N.LateBronzeAge U S N, DK, S S, N D, DDR, see map L
16a (3); "Archeologicky Atlas
Evropy A Ceskoslovenska."
Full culture name: "Northern Younger
Bronze Age periods III- IV."
47 16 -1900 -1600 A NW. Greeks H C Albania, C Epirus Q
From Porodin (Pelagonia). *{47-13}* Only
part of population.
900 142 -1900 -1000 N NW. Greeks H {C Albania, C Epirus} *{47-16}* L
Following (47-16).
23 6 -1200 -1000 A NW. Greeks H Macedonia S
Not known specifically from where. Most
likely from Pelagonia.
22 6 -1000 # A NW. Greeks H Boeotia, Thessaly Achaia, parts of M
Elis, Aetolia, Phokis.
From C Albania, C Epirus. *{47-16}*
900 143 -1000 -700 N NW. Greeks H {Boeotia, Thessaly Achaia, parts L
of Elis, Aetolia, Phokis.} *{22-6}*
Following (22-6). Did not leave at 700 BC,
but were incorporated into the general
Greek population.
22 18 -750 # A NW. Greeks H Sybaris, Croton (S I) S
From Peloponnese.
900 631 1 350 A Norwegians G S N (S of 60 deg N) L
For consistency with (208-2).
208 2 350 # A Norwegians G N up to Senja Is. (N N) E
From S Vestland (mostly Jaeren &
Sunnhordland), largely betw 58 & 60 deg N.
Large numbers.
900 632 350 800 A Norwegians G {S N (S of 60 deg N)} + N up to L
Senja Is. (N N)} *{900-631} + {208-
2}*
For consistency with (208-2) & (208-5).
15 19 795 # N Norwegians G Lambay Is (N of Dublin) N
From N. Called Vikings in ref. Gwyn Jones:
History of the Vikings identifies them as
from Norway.
43 4 798 # N Norwegians G Isle of Man A
From S N (S of 60 deg N) + N N. *{900-632}*
208 5 800 1000 A Norwegians G Coast of Finnmark (N) E
From S N (S of 60 deg N) + N N. *{900-632}*
15 18 800 # A Norwegians G Faroes, Hebrides, Orkneys & S
Shetland Islands.
Start date is approximate acc/to
Barraclough (Times Atlas) & Gwyn Jones
(History of the Vikings).
900 633 800 1300 A Norwegians G {S N (S of 60 deg N) + N up to L
Senja Is. (N N)} + {Coast of
Finnmark (N)} *{900-632} + {208-5}*
For consistency with (208-5) & (208-6).
901 210 800 1970 A Norwegians G {Faroes, Hebrides, Orkneys & L
Shetland Islands.} *{15-18}*
43 12 836 841 N Norwegians G IRL: Dublin, Carlingford, at Linn S
Duachail in Louth, & in Linn Roio.
From N. (Norwegian Vikings)
900 636 841 900 A Norwegians G Trading post in Ireland: E
Waterford, Cork, Limerick, Wexford
From IRL: Dublin, Carlingford, at Linn
Duachail in Louth, & in Linn Roio. *{43-
12}* Start date to conform to (43-12); end
date inferred acc/to Gwyn Jones, History
of the Vikings, pp. 395-397.
900 637 841 1052 A Norwegians G {IRL: Dublin, Carlingford, at Linn L
Duachail in Louth, & in Linn
Roio.} + {Trading post in Ireland:
Waterford, Cork, Limerick,
Wexford} *{43-12} + {900-636}*
For consistency with (900-636) & (900-638).
15 7 843 856 N Norwegians G Noirmoutier, Tours N
From N. Called Vikings in ref. Were
Norwegian Vikings acc/to Gwyn Jones: A
History of the Vikings.
43 13 865 870 N Norwegians G Scotland (Strathclyde area) A
From IRL. Norwegian Vikings. Under Olaf
(see p. 207, Gwyn Jones: History of the
Vikings).
15 23 870 930 N Norwegians G Iceland S
From N. Some came from Ireland; may be
part Celtic. Ref (43-29) cites 3K
immigrants from 1400 places.
43 3 892 904 N Norwegians G Scotland A
From IRL.
43 23 911 # N Norwegians G Normandy S
Leader was Rollo or Hrolf, unlear whether
from N or DK. Viking settlers came from DK
in the main, but also N and from the
Danelaw in GB acc/to Gwyn Jones: History
of the Vikings. Within very short time
became Normans. Norwegians came
mostly from Ireland and Scotland acc/to
Gwyn Jones. Far fewer Norwegians than
Danes.
43 10 980 991 N Norwegians G Southampton N
From N (?).
900 638 1052 1200 A Norwegians G {IRL: Dublin, Carlingford, at Linn I
Duachail in Louth, & in Linn Roio.
+ Trading post in Ireland:
Waterford, Cork, Limerick,
Wexford} *{900-637}*
Inferred acc/to Gwyn Jones: History of the
Vikings, p. 397.
208 6 1300 1700 A Norwegians G Coast of E Finnmark (N) E
From S N (S of 60 deg N) + N N + Coast of
Finnmark (N). *{900-633}*
900 634 1300 1970 A Norwegians G {S N (S of 60 deg N) + N up to L
Senja Is. (N N) + Coast of
Finnmark (N)} + {Coast of E
Finnmark (N)} *{900-633} + {208-
6}* (all of N)
For consistency with (208-6). A continued
presence of Norwegians in N.
364 12 400 1000 A Notangians B Area betw Kaliningrad, (on L
Pregol'a R) & Jezero (lake) Mamry,
S Rossijskaja region & Polish
border.
385 16 -1400 -1300 N Nova U Transylvania & Moldavia, ROM & SU, L
see map
15a(14);"ArcheologickyAtlas Evropy
A Ceskoslovenska."
Including Late Monteoru & Costisa cultures.
48 5 -1300 -1200 A Nova U SE Transilvania, Dobrugea, L
Moldava, & NE Muntenia, ROM
Culture. Acc/to (385-16) & (386-15)
Dobrugea is not included.
386 15 -1200 -1100 N Nova U Moldavia SU, E ROM except L
Dobrugea, see map 16a (14);
"Archeologicky Atlas Evropy A
Ceskoslovenska."
Culture. Plus other Romanian culture
"groups" of the end of the Bronze Age.
234 171 400 600 A Novgorods S L Ilmen (more extended area Q
described in (13-65)).
Full name: Novgorod Slovenes. Author calls
them Slovenes and considers them subgroup
of Sclavini. From area betw Carpathian Mts
& Mid Dnepr R, chiefly in Kiev region.
*{234-49}*
900 672 400 1100 A Novgorods S {L Ilmen (more extended area L
described in (13-65)).} *{234-171}*
Full name: Novgorod Slovenes. For
consistency with (234-171) and (32-43).
End date acc/to (328-24). (Also supported
by Vana: World of the Ancient Slavs, 1983,
p.50.)
13 66 650 # A Novgorods S L Ladoga E
Full name Novgorod Slovenes. From L Ilmen
(more extended area described in (13-65)).
*{900-672}*
900 774 650 1100 A Novgorods S {L Ladoga} *{13-66}* L
For consistency with (13-66) & (900-672).
13 67 700 900 A Novgorods S Ves, nr Vologda E
Full name Novgorod Slovenes. From L Ilmen
(more extended area described in (13-
65)).} *{900-672}*
900 775 700 1100 N Novgorods S {Ves, nr Vologda} *{13-67}* L
For consistency with (13-67) & (900-672).
13 70 800 1000 N Novgorods S Jaroslavl E
Full name Novgorod Slovenes. From L Ilmen
(more extended area described in (13-
65)).} *{900-672}*
169 110 800 1000 A Novgorods S Along Mologa & Seksna RR up to E
border of Volga Bulgars, along
Suchona R up to Vjatka R, along
Onega R.
Full name Novgorod Slovenes. From L Ilmen
(more extended area described in (13-
65)).} *{900-672}*
900 776 800 1100 A Novgorods S {Jaroslavl} *{13-70}* L
Full name Novgorod Slovenes. For
consistency with (13-70) & (900-672).
900 777 800 1100 A Novgorods S {Along Mologa & Seksna RR up to L
border of Volga Bulgars, along
Suchona R up to Vjatka R, along
Onega R.} *{169-110}*
Full name Novgorod Slovenes. For
consistency with (169-110) & (900-672).
But no apparent Slavic occupation of the
area until later (341-5).
194 18 80 150 A Nuithoni G N of Elbe R, Dithmarschen, L
Stormarn, & Holstein (map 9-I,
Westermann).
Part of Saxons.
168 16 -1500 -500 A Nuraghe U Sardinia (also Corsica acc/to (385- L
40) etc)
Culture. The Corsican component is
sometimes called Torreen (225-10).
The Ethnohistory Project /
msr@life.bio.sunysb.edu