REF REC START END GENS L LOCATION A COMMENTS
384 57 -1650 -1500 N Early BronzeAge U CH, see map 14a (13); L
"Archeologicky Atlas Evropy A
Ceskoslovenska."
Culture. Full name: Early Bronze Age.
222 3 -2300 -1850 A Early Cypriot U Cyprus L
Culture. Early Bronze. Possibly related to
major Anatolian catastrophe at end of E B
2.Perhaps Cyprus peopled by survivors from
Anatolia. Stated (on p 31) that they
appear to have mixed with and not to have
destroyed the sparse Chalcolithic
II population in Morphou Bay, their first
landfall.
48 25 -1200 -800 A Early Hallstatt U ROM L
Culture. Presumably not Celtic speakers.
They include various groups of which we
have Babadaz (386-13), Pecica (173-23), &
Suciu de Sus (48-24), coded U by us, and
may therefore duplicate information.
42 1 -3000 -2000 A Early Minoan U Crete L
Culture. Reference says resulted from
immigrants coming from AM.
384 23 -1650 -1475 N Early N.Bronze U Denmark, see map 14a (18); L
"Archeologicky Atlas Evropy A
Ceskoslovenska."
Culture. Full name: Early Northern Bronze
Age. End date extended to conform to (170-
5).
388 40 -800 -600 N E.BalticMonumen U W Latvia, Lithuania, W Estonia, L
see map 18a (39); "Archeologicky
Atlas Evropy A Ceskoslovenska."
Full culture name: "Eastern Baltic
Mounument." Start date acc/to (387-35).
13 24 400 500 A E. Germans G U. Silesia & nr Czestochova L
Tribes not specified, possibly Gepids. (If
named tribes shown in this area at this
time, delete this record.)
12 24 250 267 N E. Heruli G Sea of Azov Q
From S: Smaland, Halland, Blekinge. *{12-
23}*
900 560 250 375 A E. Heruli G {Sea of Azov} *{12-24}* L
For consistency with (12-24) & (11-66).
11 131 267 276 N E. Heruli G Bosporus, Aegean & Asia Minor. N
From Sea of Azov. *{12-24}*
1 14 268 # N E. Heruli G R, BG, GR A
From Sea of Azov. *{12-24}*
11 66 375 # N E. Heruli G Balkans beyond Dnepr R & Danube M
From Sea of Azov. *{12-24}* Not clear
whether they stayed there between 375 and
ca 450 AD and then moved to E A & S
Moravia or whether they moved there right
away.
900 561 375 451 A E. Heruli G {Balkans beyond Dnepr R & Danube} L
*{11-66}*
For consistency with (11-66) & (1-37).
From Sea of Azov. *{12-24}* Not clear
whether they stayed there between 375 and
ca 450 AD and then moved to E A & S
Moravia or whether they moved there right
away.
1 37 451 # N E. Heruli G S Moravia & Lower A W of March R M
up to Vienna. Also betw March and
Eipel (Ipel) RR (in Slovakia;
acc/to ref (12-26)).
From Balkans beyond Dnepr R & Danube. *{11-
66}* Not clear whether they stayed there
between 375 and ca 450 AD and then moved
to E A & S Moravia or whether they moved
there right away. Beaten and dispersed by
Lombards in 508, N of L.
Balaton. But R. Much cites 494 for this
event.
900 562 451 508 A E. Heruli G {S Moravia & Lower A W of March R L
up to Vienna. Also betw March and
Eipel (Ipel) RR (in Slovakia;
acc/to ref (12-26)).} *{1-37}*
For consistency with (1-37) & (30-6), (133-
32). Ref (12-26) notes a rapid numerical
increase.
12 27 473 508 A E. Heruli G Pannonia, Noricum A
From S Moravia & Lower A W of March R up
to Vienna. Also betw March and Eipel
(Ipel) RR (in Slovakia; acc/to ref (12-
26)). *{1-37}*
12 28 508 512 A E. Heruli G Dacia Ripensis RP Q
Parts of E. Eruli, beaten by Lombards,
mistreated by Gepids, resettled by Romans.
They provided many mercenaries for the
Roman armies. From S Moravia & Lower A W
of March R up to Vienna. Also betw March
and Eipel (Ipel) RR (in Slovakia;
acc/to ref (12-26)). *{1-37}*
30 6 508 # A E. Heruli G Vaestergoetland Q
From S Moravia & Lower A W of March R up
to Vienna. Also betw March and Eipel
(Ipel) RR (in Slovakia; acc/to ref (12-
26)). *{1-37}* Start date acc/to several
other sources (e.g. (133-31)). Ref (133-
31) says they were the majority of
the E. Heruli.
133 32 508 # N E. Heruli G Moesia Inferior RP Q
Part of people. From S Moravia & Lower A W
of March R up to Vienna. Also betw March
and Eipel (Ipel) RR (in Slovakia; acc/to
ref (12-26)). *{1-37}*
148 10 508 510 N E. Heruli G Tisza R area Q
From S Moravia & Lower A W of March R up
to Vienna. Also betw March and Eipel
(Ipel) RR (in Slovakia; acc/to ref (12-
26)). *{1-37}* Join Gepidae.
900 563 512 550 A E. Heruli G {Dacia Ripensis RP} *{12-28}* L
For consistency with (12-28) & (12-30).
12 30 550 # A E. Heruli G Brenner Pass (Tyrol, A) R
From Dacia Ripensis RP *{12-28}*
27 47 -700 -650 A Eburoni G Belgium + SE NL M
From ? (NE or E). This date obtained by
context. Seems very early.
900 462 -700 1 N Eburoni G {Belgium + SE NL} (see map ref L
352). *{27-47}*
For consistency with (27-47). Condensation
of (352-5), (180-9), (361-4). Defeated by
Romans in 38 BC (acc/to ref 187, p.410).
Still mentioned as Tungri in 100 AD
(acc/to (353-6)).
230 12 -800 50 A Edetani U Between Castellon & Alicante, near L
coast (E)
End date acc/to (231-10). These are
Iberians.
47 82 -700 -650 A Edoni P Mygdonia up to Axius R (see map C
16), also E of Strymon R betw it &
Nestus R.
From the east.
900 281 -700 -492 A Edoni P {Mygdonia up to Axius R (see map L
16), also E of Strymon R betw it &
Nestus R.} *{47-82}*
End date based on (40-45) which is about
the Odomanti, a subgroup of the Edoni.
40 61 -241 -203 N Egyptians O Thrace C
From Egypt. Occupied by Egyptian troops by
treaty.
383 35 -1800 -1100 N ElArgar U S E, see map 13a (31); L
"Archeologicky Atlas Evropy A
Ceskoslovenska."
Culture. End date acc/to (386-19). Ref 230
says these gave rise to Iberians s. str.
26 13 -1000 -500 A Elymi U Tapani province, NW Sicily, Map p. L
359
End date acc/to (320-18). Probably pre-IE
people.
47 59 -800 -650 A Enchelees Y Albanian coastal plain, Shkumbi RV. L
Syn. Enheleji.
40 6 -1300 -1250 A Eneti U Around Morava R, YU (See ref, Fig. L
12 for location.)
40 9 -1250 -1200 A Eneti U N AM (See ref, Fig. 12 for M
location.)
From Around Morava R, YU (See ref, Fig. 12
for location.) *{40-6}* Referred to as
Paphlagonian Eneti.
53 78 1072 1109 N English G Sahagun Zone: Logrono, Santo R
Domingo de la Calzada, Najera,
Burgos, Castrojeriz, Carrion de
los Condes, Leon, Astorga,
Ponferrada, Lugo, Puerto Marin &
Santiago de Compostela.
From GB. Not many. Resettled by King
Alfonso VI.
901 127 1166 1171 N English G E and S Ireland C
from England. Anglo-Norman invasion of
Ireland. acc/to E.
901 141 1166 1300 A English G E and S Ireland L
start date tct 901-127, end date tct 901-
129.
227 13 1191 # N English G Cyprus C
From GB. 3rd Crusade. English/French.
901 211 1282 # N English G Wales C
From England. Formal date of conquest of
Wales. Subsequent diffusion of English
into Wales is difficult to document by our
records. Source: Encyclopaedia Brittanica.
901 129 1300 1425 A English G E and S Ireland I
by Irish. acc/to Eb and to Ploetz, p573
232 75 1381 # N English G Lisbon and from there to Spanish N
frontier
From GB. Expeditionary force (came by sea)
to aid the Portuguese.
901 130 1500 1700 A English G E, S, and C Ireland Q
from England. soldiers and farmers. acc/to
E.
901 142 1500 1700 A English G Ireland except for Ulster L
start date tct 901-130, end date is
independence of Ireland
901 136 1600 1625 A English G Ulster, N Ireland Q
from England. acc/to E
901 139 1600 1970 A English G Ulster, N Ireland L
start date tct 901-136; end date still
there.
901 140 1700 1922 A English G Ireland except for Ulster I
by Irish, start date tct 901-130; end date
is independence of Ireland.
345 11 1809 1813 N English G P, E, S F A
From GB. British army under Duke of
Wellington fought its way across E, from P.
345 20 1814 # N English G F A
From GB. See ref for sites.
47 53 -1000 -700 A Eordi U Eordea (around Pateli) in Epirus, L
GR
Descendants of Bronze Age people of
unknown linguistic affinity.
47 34 -1100 -1000 A Epirotes H Upper Haliacmon RV L
Group that spoke a Greek dialect.
28 14 -280 -275 N Epirus Y S I, Sicily A
King Pyrrhus from Epirus with 20K
mercenaries.
388 23 -800 -600 N Este U Venice area, N I, see map 18a L
(22); "Archeologicky Atlas Evropy
A Ceskoslovenska."
Culture synonymous with "Atestinska."
Start date acc/to (387-19).
349 7 -100 1 N Estioni K Area around Kempten, Bavaria, D L
900 127 400 1970 A Estonians F Estonia, & islands of Hiuma & L
Saaremaa, due W of Estonia.
Acc/to (364-1), (328-18), (213-8).
Population 1007K in 1970.
347 5 1919 1924 A Estonians F Estonia R
200K including Latvians + Lithuanians.
From Area W of Moscow, SU. *{347-2}*
900 132 1945 1950 N Estonians F N SU, SE of Leningrad R
Acc/to (348-26). 40K to N SU.
900 128 1945 1950 N Estonians F E S S
Acc/to (348-26). 60K to S.
162 9 -1200 -400 A Eteocretans U E Crete nr Praesus L
An indigenous people, with their own
language.
26 15 -1000 -50 A Etruscans U W I betw Pisa & Rome,Map page 359 L
(better map in Putzger, p. 21,II)
End date from various sources.
901 105 -800 -700 A Etruscans U Area N of Arno R to Alps; NE I; E E
Corsica (see ref 168, map 6).
From W I betw Pisa & Rome, map p. 359
(better map in Putzger, p. 21, II). *{26-
15}* Start date: guess. End date to
conform to ref 168, map 6 & other sources.
Location evidenced by maps in ref 164, &
Atlas of Roman World p. 22, or Times
Atlas of World History p. 86. Expansion to
this area is necessary and is alluded to
in Ploetz p. 95.
901 106 -800 -450 A Etruscans U {Area N of Arno R to Alps; NE I; E L
Corsica (see ref 168, map 6).}
*{901-105}*
Start date to conform to (901-105); end
date to conform to (164-11).
901 109 -800 -500 A Etruscans U E Corsica L
Start date to conform to (901-105); end
date to accomodate (374-7).
901 108 -700 -600 A Etruscans U Campagna region, I (less Greek E
enclave, see Atlas of Roman World,
p. 22 map)
From W I betw Pisa & Rome,Map page 359
(better map in Putzger, p. 21,II). *{26-
15}* Record necessary to get Etruscans
there (22-29). Dates to conform to (22-29).
22 29 -700 -425 A Etruscans U Campagna region, I (less Greek L
enclave, see Atlas of Roman World,
p. 22 map)
End date to conform to (26-43).
374 4 -524 # N Etruscans U Cumae, just W of Neapolis, I A
From Campania (see map p.26 in Ancient
History Atlas by M. Grant). Greeks
repelled the Etruscans.
374 5 -505 # N Etruscans U {Cumae, just W of Neapolis, I} A
*{374-4}*
From Campania (see map p.26 in Ancient
History Atlas by M. Grant). Greeks
repelled the Etruscans.
374 6 -474 # N Etruscans U {Cumae, just W of Neapolis, I} A
*{374-4}*
Greeks repelled the Etruscans.
901 107 -450 -250 A Etruscans U Area N of Appenines in I (see map I
2 in ref 164)
By Celts.
26 43 -425 -325 A Etruscans U {Campagna region, I (less Greek I
enclave, see Atlas of Roman
World,p. 22 map)} *{22-29}*
Amalgamation of Opici, Greeks (Ionians),
Etruscans & Samniti (under the name of the
latter?). End date: arrival of Romans (901-
7).
361 14 -70 200 A Eudoses G Rt bank of Rhine R between L
Karlsruhe & Strassbourg (W D).
Pure Germanic acc. to map. Part of the
Jutes. Map shows Romance-German Linguistic
Boundary from Middle Ages-1200. Start date
acc/to R. Much, p.97. End date is guess.
Some authors claim they gave rise to
Euthungi (see (191-2)).
164 14 -1000 -500 A Euganians U NE I, See Map 2 L
Start date acc/to (26-17).
900 527 200 450 A Euthungi G {N of Danube betw Regensburg & L
Guenzburg; E of Regnitz R.}; see
Abb 69, p.343. *{191-10}*
Acc/to (191-10). Some authors consider
them descended from Eudoses (see (191-2)).
196 3 259 280 A Euthungi G Raetia RP A
From N of Danube betw Regensburg &
Guenzburg; E of Regnitz R.; see Abb 69,
p.343. *{900-527}*
191 2 270 # N Euthungi G I (Adriatic coast, Pavia) A
From N of Danube betw Regensburg &
Guenzburg; E of Regnitz R.; see Abb 69,
p.343. *{900-527}* Boasted of 40K
horsemen, 80K foot soldiers.
191 4 357 # N Euthungi G Raetia RP A
From N of Danube betw Regensburg &
Guenzburg; E of Regnitz R. *{191-10}*
196 6 429 431 N Euthungi G Raetia RP A
From N of Danube betw Regensburg &
Guenzburg; E of Regnitz R. *{191-10}*
191 10 450 500 A Euthungi G N of Danube betw Regensburg & I
Guenzburg; E of Regnitz R.
By Alamanni.
26 22 -900 -367 A Falisci I Region around Civita Castellana,C I L
End date acc/to (165-5). Location from
Encyclopaedia Brittanica.
172 37 -2200 -1550 A Fatjanovo B C Russia (maps 12a(x) & 14a(26), L
CS Atlas)
Anthrop. Europid.
900 98 -1550 -1100 A Fatjanovo B {C Russia (maps 12a(x) & 14a(26), L
CS Atlas).} *{172-37}*
Implied by (38-9), (38-10).
38 10 -1500 -1250 A Fatjanovo B Along Belaja R as far as S Ural E
Mts.
From C Russia (maps 12a(x) & 14a(26), CS
Atlas). *{172-37}*
900 99 -1500 -1100 A Fatjanovo B {Along Belaja R as far as S Ural L
Mts.} *{38-10}*
Implied by (38-9).
38 9 -1400 -1100 A Fatjanovo B E along Volga R & its tributaries, E
lower Oka, Sura, lower Vjatka,
lower Kama RR.
From C Russia (maps 12a(x) & 14a(26), CS
Atlas). *{172-37}*
382 23 -2200 -1900 N Finger Grave U CH, see map 12a (18 L
H);"Archeologicky Atlas Evropy A
Ceskoslovenska."
Culture, part of Corded Ware & Battle Axe
Cultures.
169 32 -2500 -2000 A Finno-Ugrians F Oka & Volga RR basins L
Really Proto-Finno-Ugrians. End date is
guess supported by (201-13). This record
is largely based on linguistic data, hence
times are pretty vague. Linkages to later
Finns and Ugrians remain to be
established. These may have to be recoded
later with a letter other than F, to
distinguish them from the Finnic and Ugric
branches (their descendants).
389 25 -150 -25 N Finno-Ugrians F Volochow & Velikaja RR area, L
around & S of Leningrad, N SU & E
SF, see map 20a(21,25);
'Archeologicky Atlas Evropy A
Ceskoslovenska'.
Area coded 21 refers to Finno-Ugrian
'tribes' who made 'textile ceramics'. A
'Textile Ceramic Culture' had existed
here, & to the N and E of here, since 1200
BC according to this atlas. This clearly
refers to a mixture of Finnic and
Ugric tribes, not the Finno-Ugric
ancestors. These may have to be recoded
later with a letter other than F, to
distinguish them from the Finnic and Ugric
branches (their descendants). End date
interpolated between this record and (390-
2).
900 795 -25 1 A Finno-Ugrians F {SF, Estonia, Latvia, N SU & Oka R E
area, see map 21a(2);
'Archeologicky Atlas Evropy A
Ceskoslovenska'.} - {Volochow &
Velikaja RR area, around & S of
Leningrad, N SU & E SF, see map
20a(21,25); 'Archeologicky Atlas
Evropy A Ceskoslovenska'.}
*{390-2} - {389-25}* From Volochow & Velikaja RR area, around &
S of Leningrad, N SU & E SF, see map
20a(21,25); 'Archeologicky Atlas Evropy A
Ceskoslovenska'. *{389-25}* To conform to
(389-25) and (390-2). This clearly refers
to a mixture of Finnic and
Ugric tribes, not the Finno-Ugric
ancestors. These may have to be recoded
later with a letter other than F, to
distinguish them from the Finnic and Ugric
branches (their descendants).
390 2 -25 200 N Finno-Ugrians F SF, Estonia, Latvia, N SU & Oka R L
area, see map 21a(2);
'Archeologicky Atlas Evropy A
Ceskoslovenska'.
Refers to Finno-Ugrian 'tribes'. This
clearly refers to a mixture of Finnic and
Ugric tribes, not the Finno-Ugric
ancestors. These may have to be recoded
later with a letter other than F, to
distinguish them from the Finnic and Ugric
branches (their descendants). Start date
interpolated between this record and (389-
25). End date interpolated between this
record and (391-5).
900 796 200 300 A Finno-Ugrians F {N SU incl Estonia & Latvia, & C E
SU betw Volga & Don RR, see map
22a (7); 'Archeologicky Atlas
Evropy A Ceskoslovenska'.} - {SF,
Estonia, Latvia, N SU & Oka R
area, see map 21a(2);
'Archeologicky Atlas Evropy A
Ceskoslovenska'.} *{391-5}
- {390-2}* From SF, Estonia, Latvia, N SU & Oka R
area, see map 21a(2); 'Archeologicky Atlas
Evropy A Ceskoslovenska'. *{390-2}* To
conform to (390-2) and (391-5). This
clearly refers to a mixture of Finnic and
Ugric tribes, not the Finno-Ugric
ancestors. These may have to be recoded
later with a letter other than F, to
distinguish them from the Finnic and Ugric
branches (their descendants).
391 5 200 400 N Finno-Ugrians F N SU incl Estonia & Latvia, & C SU L
betw Volga & Don RR, see map 22a
(7); 'Archeologicky Atlas Evropy A
Ceskoslovenska'.
Authors refer to 'Finno-Ugrian Inhabitants
Culture'. I have used 'Finno-Ugrians' for
the gens name. This clearly refers to a
mixture of Finnic and Ugric tribes, not
the Finno-Ugric ancestors. These may have
to be recoded later with a
letter other than F, to distinguish them
from the Finnic and Ugric branches (their
descendants). Start date interpolated
between (390-2) and this record.
202 7 -200 400 A Finns F W & SW SF; to Tavastia (Haeme), up M
the Kokemaeki R system. (map 1).
From S side of Gulf of Finland, mainly
Estonia.
900 121 1 1000 A Finns F From White Sea to Oka R basin L
Acc/to (211-17), (169-114). End date
extended as compromise with (901-126).
201 5 200 400 A Finns F Into interior SW SF along Kumo RV. E
Toward Tampere & S Haeme. Also
Vaasa hinterland.
From SF SW coast.
201 6 400 800 A Finns F Aland Is, E part of Lake District E
(Sysmae, Heinola, Karelian Isthmus)
From the area of interior SW SF along Kumo
RV. Toward Tampere & S Haeme. Also Vaasa
hinterland. *{201-5}*
204 3 700 # A Finns F L Laatoka (=Ladoga?) E
From Aland Is, E part of Lake District
(Sysmae, Heinola, Karelian Isthmus). *{201-
6}*
170 31 700 1200 A Finns F S Q
Slaves from E (SF), brought in by Vikings.
900 122 800 1000 A Finns F {SW SF (map 1)} - {Aland Is, E E
part of Lake District (Sysmae,
Heinola, Karelian Isthmus)} *{202-
9} - {201-6}*
For consistency with (202-9). (Syn.
Suomalaiset). From Aland Is, E part of
Lake District (Sysmae, Heinola, Karelian
Isthmus). *{201-6}*
202 9 800 1970 A Finns F SW SF (map 1) L
(Syn. Suomalaiset).
901 152 1000 1970 N Finns F Area W of L Onega, N SU + L
Leningrad area & Karelian ASSR
Acc/to (346-5) and (213-20). 50-100K
people. The population figures from ref
213 (a generally more detailed reference
than 212) have been updated from 1970
census. Figures obtained from the
Encylcopaedia Brittanica. Start date
compromise between
(900-121) and (346-5), (213-20). Apparent
contraction over (900-121).
202 18 1348 # N Finns F Neva R area A
From SW SF (map 1, ref 202). *{202-9}*
170 26 1500 1700 A Finns F Dalarne, Vaermland, and E N. S
13K people. From Finland.
202 22 1601 # N Finns F Livonia A
From SF.
170 27 1700 1800 A Finns F N N S
From N SF.
208 8 1800 1867 A Finns F Finnmark (N) S
From SF.
170 4 -2500 -1500 A Fishers-Hunters U Norway N of Trondheim, Sweden N of L
Dalarne (Dalarna) region
Culture.
189 1 258 # N Franks G Tarraco (Tarragona, Mediterr. A
coast of E).
Formed by Amsivarii, Bructeri, Chamavi,
Chatti, Chattuarii, Usipii, Salii,
Tencteri, Tubanti. Not clear which of
these were involved, hence where they came
from.
190 20 275 276 N Franks G Rhein-Mosel RR area (Trier) A
Formed by Amsivarii, Bructeri, Chamavi,
Chatti, Chattuarii, Usipii, Salii,
Tencteri, Tubanti. Not clear which of
these were involved, hence where they came
from.
193 1 275 # N Franks G Along highway Cologne-Tongeren (B)- A
Bavay (nr Maubeuge, F).
Formed by Amsivarii, Bructeri, Chamavi,
Chatti, Chattuarii, Usipii, Salii,
Tencteri, Tubanti. Not clear which of
these were involved, hence where they came
from.
193 4 280 290 A Franks G Trier (D), Amiens, Beauvais, R
Troyes & Langres (all in F).
By Romans. Formed by Amsivarii, Bructeri,
Chamavi, Chatti, Chattuarii, Usipii,
Salii, Tencteri, Tubanti. Not clear which
of these were involved, hence where they
came from.
180 15 291 # N Franks G S Brabant, Hainaut,Ardennes Mts, R
Moselle RV.
By Romans. Formed by Amsivarii, Bructeri,
Chamavi, Chatti, Chattuarii, Usipii,
Salii, Tencteri, Tubanti. Not clear which
of these were involved, hence where they
came from.
362 9 294 # N Franks G Saone & Doubs RR area NE to around Q
Gray, F.
Formed by Amsivarii, Bructeri, Chamavi,
Chatti, Chattuarii, Usipii, Salii,
Tencteri, Tubanti. Not clear which of
these were involved, hence where they came
from.
2 5 341 # N Franks G Parts of Gaul A
Formed by Amsivarii, Bructeri, Chamavi,
Chatti, Chattuarii, Usipii, Salii,
Tencteri, Tubanti. Not clear which of
these were involved, hence where they came
from.
2 6 350 # N Franks G Cologne A
Formed by Amsivarii, Bructeri, Chamavi,
Chatti, Chattuarii, Usipii, Salii,
Tencteri, Tubanti. Not clear which of
these were involved, hence where they came
from.
362 8 360 # N Franks G Saone & Marne RR area NE of Dijon, Q
F.
Formed by Amsivarii, Bructeri, Chamavi,
Chatti, Chattuarii, Usipii, Salii,
Tencteri, Tubanti. Not clear which of
these were involved, hence where they came
from.
900 575 400 450 A Franks G {Betw. Yssel & Lower Lippe RR} + L
{Upper Wupper R} + {Area N of
Lippe R} *{12-206} + {900-25} +
{12-197}*
Union of separate tribes to form Franks:
Chamavi (900-555), Amsivarii (900-25),
Tubanti (900-573).
900 576 450 457 A Franks G {Betw. Yssel & Lower Lippe RR + L
Upper Wupper R + Area N of Lippe
R} + {Xanthen including areas to
the right of the Rhine R, the
Ruhrgau around Duisburg & Menden,
& the Hettergau around Herbede.} +
{Betw. Ruhr & Lippe RR} +
{Toxandria
Toxandria = Teisterbant area (in Union of separate tribes to form Frankish
Dutch). It is the drainage area of Federation: Chattuarii (2-17), Bructeri
the Drommel R in N Brabant, (900-552), Salii (2-13). End date to
extending E to the Peel Swamps, W conform to (11-117).
to inlet of Schelde R. + Beyond
Toxandria into Flanders} *{900-
575} + {2-17} + {12-202}* * + {2-
13}*
900 577 457 # A Franks G Cambrai & Somme RR + Alsace & E
Palatinate.
Acc/to (11-110) & (11-117). From betw.
Yssel & Lower Lippe RR + Upper Wupper R +
Area N of Lippe R + Xanthen including
areas to the right of the Rhine R, the
Ruhrgau around Duisburg & Menden, & the
Hettergau around Herbede. + Betw. Ruhr
& Lippe RR + Toxandria (Toxandria =
Teisterbant area (in Dutch).) It is the
drainage area of the Drommel R in N
Brabant, extending E to the Peel Swamps, W
to inlet of Schelde R. + Beyond Toxandria
into Flanders. *{900-576}*
900 578 457 480 A Franks G {Betw. Yssel & Lower Lippe RR + L
Upper Wupper R + Area N of Lippe R
+ Xanthen including areas to the
right of the Rhine R, the Ruhrgau
around Duisburg & Menden, & the
Hettergau around Herbede. + Betw.
Ruhr & Lippe RR + Toxandria
Toxandria
= Teisterbant area (in Dutch). It For consistency with (900-577) & (362-7).
is the drainage area of the
Drommel R in N Brabant, extending
E to the Peel Swamps, W to inlet
of Schelde R. + Beyond Toxandria
into Flanders} + {Cambrai & Somme
RR + Alsace & Palatinate.} *{900-
576}
+ {900-577}*
362 7 480 # N Franks G Luxembourg, & along Mosel R into E
Rheinland-Pfalz, Hunsrueck,
Saarland.
From betw. Yssel & Lower Lippe RR + Upper
Wupper R + Area N of Lippe R + Xanthen
including areas to the right of the Rhine
R, the Ruhrgau around Duisburg & Menden, &
the Hettergau around Herbede. + Betw. Ruhr
& Lippe RR + Toxandria (Toxandria
= Teisterbant area (in Dutch).) It is the
drainage area of the Drommel R in N
Brabant, extending E to the Peel Swamps, W
to inlet of Schelde R. + Beyond Toxandria
into Flanders. + Cambrai & Somme RR +
Alsace & Palatinate. *{900-578}*
900 579 480 486 N Franks G {Betw. Yssel & Lower Lippe RR + L
Upper Wupper R + Area N of Lippe R
+ Xanthen including areas to the
right of the Rhine R, the Ruhrgau
around Duisburg & Menden, & the
Hettergau around Herbede. + Betw.
Ruhr & Lippe RR + Toxandria
Toxandria
= Teisterbant area (in Dutch). It For consistency with (362-7) & (2-20).
is the drainage area of the
Drommel R in N Brabant, extending
E to the Peel Swamps, W to inlet
of Schelde R. + Beyond Toxandria
into Flanders + Cambrai & Somme RR
+ Alsace & Palatinate.} +
{Luxembourg,
& along Mosel R into Rheinland-
Pfalz, Hunsrueck, Saarland.} *{900-
578} + {362-7}*
2 20 486 494 N Franks G Between Seine & Loire RR E
From betw. Yssel & Lower Lippe RR + Upper
Wupper R + Area N of Lippe R + Xanthen
including areas to the right of the Rhine
R, the Ruhrgau around Duisburg & Menden, &
the Hettergau around Herbede. + Betw. Ruhr
& Lippe RR + Toxandria (Toxandria
= Teisterbant area (in Dutch).) It is the
drainage area of the Drommel R in N
Brabant, extending E to the Peel Swamps, W
to inlet of Schelde R. + Beyond Toxandria
into Flanders. + Cambrai & Somme RR +
Alsace & Palatinate. + Luxembourg,
& along Mosel R into Rheinland-Pfalz,
Hunsrueck, Saarland. *{900-579}*
900 580 486 496 N Franks G {Betw. Yssel & Lower Lippe RR + L
Upper Wupper R + Area N of Lippe R
+ Xanthen including areas to the
right of the Rhine R, the Ruhrgau
around Duisburg & Menden, & the
Hettergau around Herbede. + Betw.
Ruhr & Lippe RR + Toxandria
Toxandria
= Teisterbant area (in Dutch). It For consistency with (2-20) & (2-24).
is the drainage area of the
Drommel R in N Brabant, extending
E to the Peel Swamps, W to inlet
of Schelde R. + Beyond Toxandria
into Flanders + Cambrai & Somme RR
+ Alsace & Palatinate.} +
{Luxembourg,
& along Mosel R into Rheinland-
Pfalz, Hunsrueck, Saarland. +
{Between Seine & Loire RR} *{900-
579} + {2-20}*
197 7 496 # N Franks G Fritzlar-Waberner basin N of C
Knuell Mts & drained by Eder R,
Kasseler basin adjacent in N, area
of Diemel & Esse RR (Abb. 182).
From betw. Yssel & Lower Lippe RR + Upper
Wupper R + Area N of Lippe R + Xanthen
including areas to the right of the Rhine
R, the Ruhrgau around Duisburg & Menden, &
the Hettergau around Herbede. + Betw. Ruhr
& Lippe RR + Toxandria (Toxandria
= Teisterbant area (in Dutch).) It is the
drainage area of the Drommel R in N
Brabant, extending E to the Peel Swamps, W
to inlet of Schelde R. + Beyond Toxandria
into Flanders. + Cambrai & Somme RR +
Alsace & Palatinate. + Luxembourg,
& along Mosel R into Rheinland-Pfalz,
Hunsrueck, Saarland. + Between Seine &
Loire RR. *{900-580}*
2 24 496 497 N Franks G Alaman Empire {(Alsace, E
Palatinate, Worms Rheingau,
Aschaffenburg, Wuerzburg, Raetia W
of Iller R, + Basel, CH, + N, C, &
E CH + {Meuse R area, just W of
Mosel R, around Foug, E F. +
Borders: W is Rhine R, S is L
Constance, E is Iller
& Danube RR. N of Main R, the From betw. Yssel & Lower Lippe RR + Upper
Rheingau and Wetterau. + Dieuze, Wupper R + Area N of Lippe R + Xanthen
betw Rhine & Mosel RR, nr Seille including areas to the right of the Rhine
R, Moselle Region, E F. + Troyes, R, the Ruhrgau around Duisburg & Menden, &
on Seine R, F. + Auxerre, E F. + the Hettergau around Herbede. + Betw. Ruhr
Autun, E F. + Marne R area of & Lippe RR + Toxandria (Toxandria
Champagne Region, F. - N part of
territory.)}
*{900-7}* = Teisterbant area (in Dutch).) It is the
drainage area of the Drommel R in N
Brabant, extending E to the Peel Swamps, W
to inlet of Schelde R. + Beyond Toxandria
into Flanders. + Cambrai & Somme RR +
Alsace & Palatinate. + Luxembourg,
& along Mosel R into Rheinland-Pfalz,
Hunsrueck, Saarland. + Between Seine &
Loire RR. *{900-580}*
900 581 496 507 N Franks G {Betw. Yssel & Lower Lippe RR + L
Upper Wupper R + Area N of Lippe R
+ Xanthen including areas to the
right of the Rhine R, the Ruhrgau
around Duisburg & Menden, & the
Hettergau around Herbede. + Betw.
Ruhr & Lippe RR + Toxandria
Toxandria
= Teisterbant area (in Dutch). It For consistency with (2-24), (197-7) &
is the drainage area of the (166-18).
Drommel R in N Brabant, extending
E to the Peel Swamps, W to inlet
of Schelde R. + Beyond Toxandria
into Flanders + Cambrai & Somme RR
+ Alsace & Palatinate. +
Luxembourg,
& along Mosel R into Rheinland-
Pfalz, Hunsrueck, Saarland. +
Between Seine & Loire RR} +
{Alaman Empire (Alsace,
Palatinate, Worms Rheingau,
Aschaffenburg, Wuerzburg, Raetia W
of Iller R, + Basel, CH, + N, C, &
E CH + Meuse R area, just
W of Mosel R, around Foug, E F. +
other areas}. See long record.
*{900-580} + {2-24} + {197-
7}*
166 18 507 # N Franks G Tolosanic Empire (around) C
Toulouse, from Loire R to Pyrenees.
From betw. Yssel & Lower Lippe RR + Upper
Wupper R + Area N of Lippe R + Xanthen
including areas to the right of the Rhine
R, the Ruhrgau around Duisburg & Menden, &
the Hettergau around Herbede. + Betw. Ruhr
& Lippe RR + Toxandria (Toxandria
= Teisterbant area (in Dutch).) It is the
drainage area of the Drommel R in N
Brabant, extending E to the Peel Swamps, W
to inlet of Schelde R. + Beyond Toxandria
into Flanders. + Cambrai & Somme RR +
Alsace & Palatinate. + Luxembourg,
& along Mosel R into Rheinland-Pfalz,
Hunsrueck, Saarland. + Between Seine &
Loire RR. + Alaman Empire (Alsace,
Palatinate, Worms Rheingau, Aschaffenburg,
Wuerzburg, Raetia W of Iller R, + Basel,
CH, + N, C, & E CH + Meuse R area, just
W of Mosel R, around Foug, E F. + Borders:
W is Rhine R, S is L Constance, E is Iller
& Danube RR. N of Main R, the Rheingau and
Wetterau. + more comment; see long record.
*{900-581}*
900 582 507 531 N Franks G {Betw. Yssel & Lower Lippe RR + L
Upper Wupper R + Area N of Lippe R
+ Xanthen including areas to the
right of the Rhine R, the Ruhrgau
around Duisburg & Menden, & the
Hettergau around Herbede. + Betw.
Ruhr & Lippe RR + Toxandria
Toxandria
= Teisterbant area (in Dutch). It For consistency with (166-18) & (900-583).
is the drainage area of the
Drommel R in N Brabant, extending
E to the Peel Swamps, W to inlet
of Schelde R. + Beyond Toxandria
into Flanders + Cambrai & Somme RR
+ Alsace & Palatinate. +
Luxembourg,
& along Mosel R into Rheinland-
Pfalz, Hunsrueck, Saarland. +
Between Seine & Loire RR + Alaman
Empire (Alsace, Palatinate, Worms
Rheingau, Aschaffenburg,
Wuerzburg, Raetia W of Iller R, +
Basel, CH, + N, C, & E CH + Meuse
R area, just
W of Mosel R, around Foug, E F. +
other areas}. See long record.
*{900-581} + {166-18}*
900 583 531 541 N Franks G {Thuringian Empire} + {SE F up to C
Durance R (RP Lugdunensis I)} +
{Sapaudia (corresponds to French
speaking part of modern CH & S
Empire stretched from S Champagne
to the Durance and the Maritime
Alps.} + {Provence} + {Bayuvar
Empire}
+ {Narbonne, Pamplona} *{12-174} + From Betw. Yssel & Lower Lippe RR + Upper
{192-18} + {11-108}* * + {11-112} Wupper R + Area N of Lippe R + Xanthen
+ {12-157} * * + {232-31} * including areas to the right of the Rhine
R, the Ruhrgau around Duisburg & Menden, &
the Hettergau around Herbede. + Betw. Ruhr
& Lippe RR + Toxandria =
Teisterbant area (in Dutch). It is the
drainage area of the Drommel R in N
Brabant, extending E to the Peel Swamps, W
to inlet of Schelde R. + Beyond Toxandria
into Flanders + Cambrai & Somme RR +
Alsace & Palatinate. + Luxembourg, &
along Mosel R into Rheinland-Pfalz,
Hunsrueck, Saarland. + Between Seine &
Loire RR + Alaman Empire (Alsace,
Palatinate, Worms, Rheingau,
Aschaffenburg, Wuerzburg, Raetia W of
Iller R, + Basel, CH, + N, C, & E CH +
Meuse R area, just
W of Mosel R, + more comment; see long
record list. *{900-582}*
900 584 531 709 N Franks G {Betw. Yssel & Lower Lippe RR + L
Upper Wupper R + Area N of Lippe R
+ Xanthen including areas to the
right of the Rhine R, the Ruhrgau
around Duisburg & Menden, & the
Hettergau around Herbede. + Betw.
Ruhr & Lippe RR + Toxandria
(=Teisterbant
area in Dutch). Drainage area of For consistency with (900-583) & (11-119).
Drom- mel R in N Brabant, ext E to
Peel Swamps, W to inlet of Schelde
R + Beyond Toxandria into Flanders
+ Cambrai & Somme RR + Alsace &
Palatinate +Luxembourg, & along
Mosel R into Rheinland-
Pfalz,Hunsruek,Saarland
+ Between Seine & Loire RR +
Alaman Empire (Alsace, Palatinate,
Worms Rheingau, Aschaffenburg,
Wuerzburg, Raetia W of Iller R, +
Basel, CH, + N, C, & E CH + Meuse
R area, just W of Mosel R, around
Foug, E F. + Borders: W is Rhine
R, S
is L Constance, E is Iller &
Danube RR. N of Main R, the
Rheingau and Wetterau. + Dieuze,
betw Rhine & Mosel RR, nr Seille
R, Moselle Region, E F. + more
areas. See long record. *{900-
582} + {900-583}*
2 29 538 # N Franks G Milan, Venetia A
From Betw. Yssel & Lower Lippe RR + Upper
Wupper R + Area N of Lippe R + Xanthen
including areas to the right of the Rhine
R, the Ruhrgau around Duisburg & Menden, &
the Hettergau around Herbede. + Betw. Ruhr
& Lippe RR + Toxandria =
Teisterbant area (in Dutch). It is the
drainage area of the Drommel R in N
Brabant, extending E to the Peel Swamps, W
to inlet of Schelde R. + Beyond Toxandria
into Flanders + Cambrai & Somme RR +
Alsace & Palatinate. + Luxembourg, &
along Mosel R into Rheinland-Pfalz,
Hunsrueck, Saarland. + Between Seine &
Loire RR + Alaman Empire (Alsace,
Palatinate, Worms, Rheingau,
Aschaffenburg, Wuerzburg, Raetia W of
Iller R, + Basel, CH, + N, C, & E CH +
more comment; see long
record list. *{900-582}*
53 49 631 # N Franks G Zaragoza (E) A
From Betw. Yssel & Lower Lippe RR + Upper
Wupper R + Area N of Lippe R + Xanthen
including areas to the right of the Rhine
R, the Ruhrgau around Duisburg & Menden, &
the Hettergau around Herbede. + Betw. Ruhr
& Lippe RR + Toxandria =
Teisterbant area (in Dutch). It is the
drainage area of the Drommel R in N
Brabant, extending E to the Peel Swamps, W
to inlet of Schelde R. + Beyond Toxandria
into Flanders + Cambrai & Somme RR +
Alsace & Palatinate. + Luxembourg, &
along Mosel R into Rheinland-Pfalz,
Hunsrueck, Saarland. + Between Seine &
Loire RR + Alaman Empire (Alsace,
Palatinate, Worms, Rheingau,
Aschaffenburg, Wuerzburg, Raetia W of
Iller R, + Basel, CH, + N, C, & E CH +
Meuse R area, just
W of Mosel R, + more comment; see long
record list. *{900-584}*
11 119 709 712 N Franks G N I & CH (German-speaking part; C
see ref 357)
From Betw. Yssel & Lower Lippe RR + Upper
Wupper R + Area N of Lippe R + Xanthen
including areas to the right of the Rhine
R, the Ruhrgau around Duisburg & Menden, &
the Hettergau around Herbede. + Betw. Ruhr
& Lippe RR + Toxandria =
Teisterbant area (in Dutch). It is the
drainage area of the Drommel R in N
Brabant, extending E to the Peel Swamps, W
to inlet of Schelde R. + Beyond Toxandria
into Flanders + Cambrai & Somme RR +
Alsace & Palatinate. + Luxembourg, &
along Mosel R into Rheinland-Pfalz,
Hunsrueck, Saarland. + Between Seine &
Loire RR + Alaman Empire (Alsace,
Palatinate, Worms, Rheingau,
Aschaffenburg, Wuerzburg, Raetia W of
Iller R, + Basel, CH, + N, C, & E CH +
Meuse R area, just
W of Mosel R, + more comment; see long
record list. *{900-584}*
900 585 709 772 N Franks G {Betw. Yssel & Lower Lippe RR + L
Upper Wupper R + Area N of Lippe R
+ Xanthen including areas to the
right of the Rhine R, the Ruhrgau
around Duisburg & Menden, & the
Hettergau around Herbede. + Betw.
Ruhr & Lippe RR + Toxandria
(=Teisterbant
area in Dutch). Drainage area of For consistency with (11-119) & (900-586).
Drom- mel R in N Brabant, ext E to
Peel Swamps, W to inlet of Schelde
R + Beyond Toxandria into Flanders
+ Cambrai & Somme RR + Alsace &
Palatinate +Luxembourg, & along
Mosel R into Rheinland-
Pfalz,Hunsruek,Saarland
+ Between Seine & Loire RR +
Alaman Empire (Alsace, Palatinate,
Worms Rheingau, Aschaffenburg,
Wuerzburg, Raetia W of Iller R, +
Basel, CH, + N, C, & E CH + Meuse
R area, just W of Mosel R, around
Foug, E F. + Borders: W is Rhine
R, S
is L Constance, E is Iller &
Danube RR. N of Main R, the
Rheingau and Wetterau. + Dieuze,
betw Rhine & Mosel RR, nr Seille
R, Moselle Region, E F. + more
areas. See long record. *{900-
584} + {11-119}*
900 586 772 801 N Franks G {Betw mid & lower Rhine & mid C
Weser R (S Saxony)} + {Friulia,
Istria} + {Coast N of Zuiderzee up
to Ems R and betw Ems R & Weser R
(East Frisia)} + {Bavaria} +
{Havel & Peene RR (DDR)} +
{Barcelona, Pallars, Ribagorza &
Aragon counties}
*{194-28} + {149-16} + {12-111}* From Betw. Yssel & Lower Lippe RR + Upper
*+ {196-12} + {33-37} + {53-71}* Wupper R + Area N of Lippe R + Xanthen
including areas to the right of the Rhine
R, the Ruhrgau around Duisburg & Menden, &
the Hettergau around Herbede. + Betw. Ruhr
& Lippe RR + Toxandria =
Teisterbant area (in Dutch). It is the
drainage area of the Drommel R in N
Brabant, extending E to the Peel Swamps, W
to inlet of Schelde R. + Beyond Toxandria
into Flanders + Cambrai & Somme RR +
Alsace & Palatinate. + Luxembourg, &
along Mosel R into Rheinland-Pfalz,
Hunsrueck, Saarland. + Between Seine &
Loire RR + Alaman Empire (Alsace,
Palatinate, Worms, Rheingau,
Aschaffenburg, Wuerzburg, Raetia W of
Iller R, + Basel, CH, + N, C, & E CH +
Meuse R area, just
W of Mosel R, + more comment; see long
record list. *{900-585}*
900 587 772 900 A Franks G {Betw. Yssel & Lower Lippe RR + L
Upper Wupper R + Area N of Lippe R
+ Xanthen including areas to the
right of the Rhine R, the Ruhrgau
& the Hettergau + Betw. Ruhr &
Lippe RR + Toxandria (=Teisterbant
area) + Beyond Toxandria into
Flanders
+ Cambrai & Somme RR + Alsace & Start date acc/to (900-585). End date is
Palatinate + Luxembourg, & along artificial. Franks stayed in these areas,
Mosel R + Between Seine & Loire RR amalgamated with other peoples, assumed
+ Alaman Empire (Alsace, other names.
Palatinate, Worms Rheingau,
Aschaffenburg, Wuerzburg, Raetia W
of Iller R, + Basel, CH, + N, C, &
E CH + Meuse
R area, just W of Mosel R, around
Foug, E F. + Borders: W is Rhine
R, S is L Constance, E is Iller &
Danube RR. N of Main R, the
Rheingau and Wetterau. + Dieuze,
betw Rhine & Mosel RR, nr Seille
R, Moselle Region, E F. + Troyes,
on Seine
R, F. + Auxerre, E F. + Autun, E
F. + Marne R area of Champagne
Region, F - N part of terr.) +
Fritzlar-Waberner basin N of +
other areas. See long record.
*{900-585} + {900-586}*
234 142 796 # N Franks G Tisza R banks A
From Betw. Yssel & Lower Lippe RR + Upper
Wupper R + Area N of Lippe R + Xanthen
including areas to the right of the Rhine
R, the Ruhrgau around Duisburg & Menden, &
the Hettergau around Herbede. + Betw. Ruhr
& Lippe RR + Toxandria =
Teisterbant area (in Dutch). It is the
drainage area of the Drommel R in N
Brabant, extending E to the Peel Swamps, W
to inlet of Schelde R. + Beyond Toxandria
into Flanders + Cambrai & Somme RR +
Alsace & Palatinate. + Luxembourg, &
along Mosel R into Rheinland-Pfalz,
Hunsrueck, Saarland. + Between Seine &
Loire RR + Alaman Empire (Alsace,
Palatinate, Worms, Rheingau,
Aschaffenburg, Wuerzburg, Raetia W of
Iller R, + Basel, CH, + N, C, & E CH +
Meuse R area, just
W of Mosel R, + more comment; see long
record list. *{900-585}*
231 32 800 1000 A Franks G Santiago de Compostela (E) S
From Betw. Yssel & Lower Lippe RR + Upper
Wupper R + Area N of Lippe R + Xanthen
including areas to the right of the Rhine
R, the Ruhrgau around Duisburg & Menden, &
the Hettergau around Herbede. + Betw. Ruhr
& Lippe RR + Toxandria =
Teisterbant area (in Dutch). It is the
drainage area of the Drommel R in N
Brabant, extending E to the Peel Swamps, W
to inlet of Schelde R. + Beyond Toxandria
into Flanders + Cambrai & Somme RR +
Alsace & Palatinate. + Luxembourg, &
along Mosel R into Rheinland-Pfalz,
Hunsrueck, Saarland. + Between Seine &
Loire RR + Alaman Empire (Alsace,
Palatinate, Worms, Rheingau,
Aschaffenburg, Wuerzburg, Raetia W of
Iller R, + Basel, CH, + N, C, & E CH +
Meuse R area, just
W of Mosel R, + more comment; see long
record list. *{900-585}*
7 24 803 # N Franks G Pannonia A
From Betw. Yssel & Lower Lippe RR + Upper
Wupper R + Area N of Lippe R + Xanthen
including areas to the right of the Rhine
R, the Ruhrgau around Duisburg & Menden, &
the Hettergau around Herbede. + Betw. Ruhr
& Lippe RR + Toxandria =
Teisterbant area (in Dutch). It is the
drainage area of the Drommel R in N
Brabant, extending E to the Peel Swamps, W
to inlet of Schelde R. + Beyond Toxandria
into Flanders + Cambrai & Somme RR +
Alsace & Palatinate. + Luxembourg, &
along Mosel R into Rheinland-Pfalz,
Hunsrueck, Saarland. + Between Seine &
Loire RR + Alaman Empire (Alsace,
Palatinate, Worms, Rheingau,
Aschaffenburg, Wuerzburg, Raetia W of
Iller R, + Basel, CH, + N, C, & E CH +
Meuse R area, just
W of Mosel R, + more comment; see long
record list. *{900-585}*
901 63 476 1970 N French I French speaking areas of F, B & CH L
Start date: end of Roman empire; end date:
still there.
53 79 1072 1109 N French I Sahagun Zone: Logrono, Santo R
Domingo de la Calzada, Najera,
Burgos, Castrojeriz, Carrion de
los Condes, Leon, Astorga,
Ponferrada, Lugo, Puerto Marin &
Santiago de Compostela.
Resettled by King Alfonso VI from various
regions in F (Bourgogne, Gascony,
Normandy, Provence, Toulouse).
227 1 1096 1097 N French I Balkans W
1st crusade (majority from France).
227 2 1098 1099 N French I {Antioch (the crusader state, not C
the city. See Putzger p.49)} +
{Edessa (the crusader state, not
the city. See Putzger p.49)} *{227-
5} + {901-64}*
From F. 1.2 to 1.5K cavalry & 12K
soldiers. Conquest of Edessa implied by
map of ref. 227, page 302.
227 5 1098 1268 N French I Antioch (the crusader state, not L
the city. See Putzger p.49)
Franks, as they were called, were a small
minority of population.
901 64 1098 1144 N French I Edessa (the crusader state, not L
the city. See Putzger p.49)
Franks, as they were called, were a small
minority of population acc/to ref 227 p.
302.
236 16 1101 1104 N French I N AM A
From F. These are Crusaders!
227 6 1191 # N French I Cyprus C
From F. 3rd Crusade. English/French.
227 7 1202 # N French I Zara (modern Zadar, YU) C
From F. 4th Crusade. Mostly French.
227 8 1203 # N French I Constantinople C
From F. 4th Crusade. Mostly French.
232 54 1209 # N French I Carcassone, Toulouse A
From N F.
333 8 1264 1268 N French I I (NW & boot) A
Attack by Charles of Anjou to aid Pope
Clement IV.
232 65 1284 # N French I Aragon (old kingdom in E) A
From F.
232 79 1521 # N French I Navarre (ancient kingdom of E) A
From F.
901 77 1553 1559 N French I Corsica
From F. Occupied Is during this span.
Displaced again by Genoese (acc/to E).
179 32 1650 # A French I Electorate Brandenburg (Putzger p. Q
75)
From F. 200 K Huguenots.
901 66 1650 1750 A French I {Electorate Brandenburg (Putzger I
p. 75)} *{179-32}*
Acc/to (179-32). 200 K Huguenots.
901 78 1769 # N French I Corsica C
From F. (Acc/to E.)
901 79 1769 1970 N French I Corsica L
Start date to conform to (901-78); end
date: still there.
345 1 1796 1797 N French I Mondovi, Dego, Lodi, Montenotte, A
Castiglione, Lonato, Bassano, &
Arcole, Rivoli, N I
From F. French victories under Napoleon's
Italian campaign.
345 4 1799 # N French I Zurich, CH A
From F. French victory under Napoleon.
345 3 1800 # N French I Marengo, N I A
From F. French victory under Napoleon.
345 5 1800 # N French I Hohenlinden, (just E of Munich,D) A
From F. French victory under Napoleon.
345 6 1805 # N French I Ulm, D & Austerlitz, CS A
From F. French victory under Napoleon.
345 7 1806 # N French I Jena, DDR (Prussia) A
From F. French victory under Napoleon.
232 80 1807 1813 N French I P, E A
From F. Via the Pyrenees.
345 8 1807 # N French I Friedland & Eylau, E Prussia (NW A
SU)
From F. French victory under Napoleon.
345 15 1812 # N French I Berezina (on Berezina R SU, W of A
Moscow), Krasnoi, Smolensk,
Maloyaroslavets, Borodino, &
Moscow, W SU.
From F. French victory under Napoleon, &
captured Smolensk & Moscow.
345 16 1813 # N French I Lutzen, Leipzig, Dresden ; A
Bautzen, DDR & Hanau, D.
From F. French victory under Napoleon,
except at Leipzig.
345 24 1815 # N French I B A
From F. French defeated by Wellington
(English) plus Dutch, Germans & Prussians.
346 7 1918 1921 N French I Murmansk & Karelia, Archangel, N SU A
From F. Anti-Bolshevik forces from the
Entente fleet, via Barents & White Seas.
346 15 1918 1921 A French I Odessa & Simferopol, on Black Sea N
coast, S SU
Entente fleet attack on towns controlled
by Bolsheviks since 1917.
151 3 1945 1970 N French I CH Q
From F. 0.82 percent of population. Guest
workers.
181 7 -200 500 A Frisians G N NL L
12 110 500 650 A Frisians G Betw. Ems R & Weser R E
From Frisia. Area vacated by Saxons who
went to Britain. End date taken from (11-
140).
11 142 500 # A Frisians G East Anglia (England) S
From Frisia.
900 467 500 850 A Frisians G {N NL} + {Betw. Ems R & Weser R.} L
*{181-7} + {12-110}*
Acc/to (181-7) & (12-110).
11 141 850 # A Frisians G Betw. Elbe R & Eider R E
From N NL + Betw. Ems R & Weser R. *{900-
467}*
234 175 855 # N Frisians G Novgorod (SU) S
From Frisia.
386 2 -1200 -700 N Funerary Urns U Bohemia, CS & E Bavaria, D, see L
map 16a (2a-e); "Archeologicky
Atlas Evropy A Ceskoslovenska."
End date acc/to (387-2). Full culture
name: "Bohemian & E. Bavarian Funerary
Urn." Several group included within this
culture. Not clear how this relates to
Funerary Urn of (234-15).
234 15 -500 500 A Funerary Urns U N Podolia, Volhynia L
Author speculates whether these could be
the Neuri of Herodotus whom he considers
as proto-Slavs, although other sources
consider them as early Balts. Not clear
how this relates to Funerary urns of (386-
2).
143 14 -750 -50 A Gabali K Lozere, F L
143 40 -222 # N Gaesates K Clastidium (modern Casteggio), S A
of Po R, I
From B.
900 424 1600 1800 A Gagauz T BG L
Origins in dispute. Three theories: (1)
Migration of Seldjuks from AM. Acc/to ref
(236-24), (236-25) citing Wittek. (2)
Descendants of Cumans who came to the
Balkans. Acc/to ref 229 and (123-31). (3)
Turkicized Bulgarians who retained
their orthodox religion. Acc/to ref 229.
900 425 1800 1900 A Gagauz T Dobrugea, Moldavian SSR & adjacent Q
areas of the Ukraine (Bessarabia).
From BG. *{900-424}* 5K remained behind
acc/to ref 229.
900 426 1800 1970 N Gagauz T {Dobrugea, Moldavian SSR & L
adjacent areas of the Ukraine
(Bessarabia).} *{900-425}*
173K persons acc/to ref 229.
128 29 -279 # N Galatians K Galatia, AM (see Putzger p.16) M
From Balkans. 20K of whom 10K were armed
(ref 143, p. 37).
900 986 -279 1 N Galatians K {Galatia, AM (see Putzger p.16)} L
*{128-29}*
Start date to conform to (128-29). End
date conservative bound after conquest by
Romans (25 BC). Ref 128 mentions St.
Hieronymos who reports Celtic still spoken
in Galatia in the 4th c. AD.
11 7 -230 # N Galatians K Olbia Modern Nikolayev, SU nr A
mouth of Dnepr R.
From Thrace. These may not be Galatians
proper but may be a synonym for Gauls or
Celts.
210 10 1 900 A Galindians B W part of Muscovy, SW part of L
Tver, (both principalities in
Russia) districts of Rzhev &
Zubtsov, E part of Smolensk.
363 8 300 400 A Galindians B NE PL betw Pasteka & Nemunas RR & L
N of Pisa R; and area W of Moscow,
along Protva R betw where Protva &
Moskva RR meet & Aleksin & Kaluga,
W SU.
Note to digitizers: If this is within the
area of (210-10), then this record can be
deleted. If not then retain with no
overlap and set date from 300 to 400.
*(Note from CK: No overlap; original dates
* *of 350, # now set to 300, 400.)
*
364 14 400 1000 A Galindians B Lake(Jazero) Shiardwy area, NE PL L
210 11 900 1100 A Galindians B W part of Muscovy, SW part of I
Tver, (both principalities in
Russia) districts of Rzhev &
Zubtsov, E part of Smolensk.
By Russians.
900 109 1000 1150 A Galindians B S of Smolensk, Moscow & Kaluga L
(see fig 50, xeroxed).
Acc/to (38-20).
192 15 1 843 N Gallo-Romans I S CH (modern Savoy) (ancient name: L
Sapaudia) & parts of E. F
Start date to conform to (27-120) (ca 100
years following advent of Romans); end
date start of West Frankish Kingdom
(Ploetz p. 348). Succeeded by French.
192 17 1 843 N Gallo-Romans I SE F: Durance(Lugdunensis I, RP) L
Start date to conform to (27-120) (ca 100
years following advent of Romans); end
date start of West Frankish Kingdom
(Ploetz p. 348). Succeeded by French.
17 50 50 843 N Gallo-Romans I Area on Map III described as L
between Loire & Seine RR & N of
Seine R, middle & lower V of Oise
& Marne RR. (i.e.2nd Lyonnaise,
major part of 3rd Lyonnaise & 4th
Lyonnaise and S part of 2nd
Belgium. These are RPP. See Map
II).
Start date approximately 100 years
following conquest by Julius Caesar; end
date start of West Frankish Kingdom
(Ploetz p. 348). Succeeded by French.
190 16 100 290 N Gallo-Romans I Agri Decumates (Dekumatland) see L
Abb. 69.
Start date to conform to (901-42); end
date to conform to (193-3). Part of pop.
left in 259; remainder expelled or
assimilated by invading Germanic tribes.
27 18 -800 -700 A Garumni K Upper Garonne R L
Possibly Celticized. Pyreneans who were
not amalgamated until the 5th c. BC.
382 14 -2200 -1900 N Gaudo U S I, see map 12a (11 and 13); L
"Archeologicky Atlas Evropy A
Ceskoslovenska."
Culture. Note that Gaudo also found in
area labelled as Lateriya (382-16).
131 9 -1200 -1100 A Gava U H E of Tisza R, & Transilvania M
(ROM), map 16a(7);"Archeologicky
Atlas Evropy A Ceskoslovenska."
Culture. From Voivodina (Batshka & Banat).
386 6 -1200 -800 N Gava U {H E of Tisza R, & Transilvania L
(ROM), map 16a(7);"Archeologicky
Atlas Evropy A Ceskoslovenska."}
*{131-9}*
Culture. End date given by text at (131-
9). Continued by record (387-9).
387 9 -800 -700 N Gava U H, ROM, Ukraine,betw Dnestr & L
Tisza RR, see map 17a (9a-c);
"Archeologicky Atlas Evropy A
Ceskoslovenska."
Culture. Expanded over previous record
(386-6) but no evidence of migration.
12 1 175 250 A Gepidae G Vistula-Nogat Delta L
Start date to conform to (1-9). End date
acc/to ref 12. Originated from remnants of
Goths who had not migrated SE.
190 12 248 # N Gepidae G Moesia & Thrace A
From the Vistula-Nogat Delta. *{12-1}*
900 564 250 269 A Gepidae G {North Dacia in wooded & M
mountainous areas, neighbors of W.
Goths. (W corner of Ukraine, betw
Uzgorod & Chust.)} *{12-2}*
From Vistula-Nogat Delta. *{12-1}* Start
date for consistency with (12-1). End date
acc/to (12-2).
12 2 250 340 N Gepidae G North Dacia in wooded & L
mountainous areas, neighbors of W.
Goths. (W corner of Ukraine, betw
Uzgorod & Chust.)
End date acc/to (110-63).
110 63 340 # N Gepidae G Maros, Tisza & Koerces RR E
(Alfoeld, H).
From North Dacia in wooded & mountainous
areas, neighbors of W. Goths. (W corner of
Ukraine, betw Uzgorod & Chust.) *{12-2}*
900 565 340 454 A Gepidae G {North Dacia in wooded & L
mountainous areas, neighbors of W.
Goths. (W corner of Ukraine, betw
Uzgorod & Chust.)} + {Maros, Tisza
& Koerces RR (Alfoeld, H).} *{12-
2} + {110-63}*
For consistency with (110-63). End date
acc/to (12-4).
124 4 448 # N Gepidae G Aquileia (I) A
From North Dacia in wooded & mountainous
areas, neighbors of W. Goths. (W corner of
Ukraine, betw Uzgorod & Chust.) + Maros,
Tisza & Koerces RR (Alfoeld, H). *{900-
565}*
12 3 451 # N Gepidae G Gaul A
Under Hun leadership. From North Dacia in
wooded & mountainous areas, neighbors of
W. Goths. (W corner of Ukraine, betw
Uzgorod & Chust.) + Maros, Tisza & Koerces
RR (Alfoeld, H). *{900-565}*
900 566 454 # N Gepidae G Part of Transilvania, R E
Acc/to (12-4). From North Dacia in wooded
& mountainous areas, neighbors of W.
Goths. (W corner of Ukraine, betw Uzgorod
& Chust.) + Maros, Tisza & Koerces RR
(Alfoeld, H). *{900-565}*
900 567 454 471 N Gepidae G {North Dacia in wooded & L
mountainous areas, neighbors of W.
Goths. (W corner of Ukraine, betw
Uzgorod & Chust.) + Maros, Tisza &
Koerces RR (Alfoeld, H).} + {Part
of Transilvania, R} *{900-565} +
{900-566}*
For consistency with (900-566) & (12-5).
12 5 471 # N Gepidae G Sirmium (and intervening area, RP E
Pannonia II, YU).
From North Dacia in wooded & mountainous
areas, neighbors of W. Goths. (W corner of
Ukraine, betw Uzgorod & Chust.) + Maros,
Tisza & Koerces RR (Alfoeld, H). + Part of
Transilvania, R. *{900-567}*
900 568 471 504 N Gepidae G {North Dacia in wooded & L
mountainous areas, neighbors of W.
Goths. (W corner of Ukraine, betw
Uzgorod & Chust.) + Maros, Tisza &
Koerces RR (Alfoeld, H). + Part of
Transilvania, R} + {Sirmium (and
intervening area, RP Pannonia II,
YU).} *{900-567}
+ {12-5}* Start date acc/to (12-5). End date for
consistency with (900-569).
12 6 504 # N Gepidae G Gaul R
From Sirmium (and intervening area, RP
Pannonia II, YU). *{12-5}* By East Goths.
900 569 504 # N Gepidae G {Sirmium (and intervening area, RP T
Pannonia II, YU).} *{12-5}*
To North Dacia in wooded & mountainous
areas, neighbors of W. Goths. (W corner of
Ukraine, betw Uzgorod & Chust.) + Maros,
Tisza & Koerces RR (Alfoeld, H). + Part of
Transilvania, R. *{900-567}* (This is (900-
568) - (12-5).) Acc/to (12-7). Displaced
by Ostrogoths.
900 570 504 600 A Gepidae G {North Dacia in wooded & L
mountainous areas, neighbors of W.
Goths. (W corner of Ukraine, betw
Uzgorod & Chust.) + Maros, Tisza &
Koerces RR (Alfoeld, H). + Part of
Transilvania, R} *{900-567}*
For consistency with (900-569) & (18-5).
133 51 568 # N Gepidae G N I Q
From North Dacia in wooded & mountainous
areas, neighbors of W. Goths. (W corner of
Ukraine, betw Uzgorod & Chust.) + Maros,
Tisza & Koerces RR (Alfoeld, H). + Part of
Transilvania, R. *{900-567}* Accompanied
Lombards after defeat by Avars.
18 5 600 900 A Gepidae G {North Dacia in wooded & I
mountainous areas, neighbors of W.
Goths. (W corner of Ukraine, betw
Uzgorod & Chust.) + Maros, Tisza &
Koerces RR (Alfoeld, H). + Part of
Transilvania, R} *{900-567}*
Dates approximate. Part of tribe that
remained; assimilated with Avar mixture
and later with Magyars.
161 4 -550 -450 A Gergithes U Troad: Gergis (W coast of AM from L
N of Lesbos to Gallipoli)
53 19 -700 -600 A Germani K Oretania (E). See map p.36. L
These are Celts not Germanics.
27 62 -600 -500 A Germanics G Wallonia, B I
By Belgae. Could be Eburoni. But Eburoni
are still reported from time of Caesar.
Confirmed by (143-34).
306 3 -400 -100 A Germanics G NE CS around Podmokly, Jestrebi L
and Kobyly.
Identified non-Celtic (Germanic)
populations.
32 10 -200 300 A Germanics G Lower Volga R betw Caucasus & Sea L
of Azov, & in Pontic Steppes (N of
Black Sea).
Early part of this period not confirmed by
sources on specific Germanic tribes. Later
part could be Goths and/or Heruli.
180 12 50 100 A Germanics G B Q
From across the Rhine R.
199 1 200 375 A Germanics G Area betw Elbe & Oder RR also L
Pomerania (Pomorza) (GDR + FRG).
These tribes were not reported by
historians. There is a marked diminution
of the population in middle & E of area,
presumably due to emigration but it is not
recorded whereto this went. Author
mentions the possibility of shifts to W
Mecklenburg. However, see (179-22).
179 22 300 700 A Germanics G D, (W of Elbe R) Q
From D, E of Elbe R. Under pressure of
Huns & Avars. See also (199-1).
13 25 350 450 A Germanics G Along E sea from Ruegen past the L
mouths of the Oder & Vistula RR up
to the Passarge R, then up the
Oder & Vistula into Greater Poland
up to the Kujavia (Kujawy) area at
Wapno.
Possibly Gepids.
199 2 450 550 A Germanics G Area betw Elbe & Oder RR Q
From SCA or North Suevians. Repopulation
of the area.
196 7 530 540 A Germanics G Raetia II RP (mainly into Danube R Q
knee, & Muenchener Platte).
Elbe Germanics (comprises Lombards,
Semnones, Hermunduri, Marcomanni & Quadi)
from Bohemia. Also see ref (10-8).
114 27 600 900 A Germanics G Pannonian Plain I
By Slovenes. Check later which tribes were
involved.
199 4 600 700 A Germanics G Area betw Elbe & Oder RR I
By Slavs. (The relatively few that
remained.)
359 1 700 1000 N Germanics G (Valleys of) CH, except for S & E L
CH.
Start date to connect (approximately) with
earlier records of specific tribes. This
ref furnishes map with language boundary
at 800 AD and at present.
199 5 800 950 A Germanics G Area betw Elbe & Oder RR E
From W. End date to conform to records on
Germans.
166 21 800 814 N Germanics G Bayeux (Normandy, F) R
From beyond (E of) Elbe R; by Charlemagne
in 9th century (before he died in 814).
359 2 1000 1200 N Germanics G W CH, N of L Geneva, & E to NW E
border Bodensee.
Very few Germanic place names near
Bodensee, but many along and N & NE of L
Geneva, evidenced by Germanic place names.
Not necessarily expansion from (359-1).
Could be migration from elsewhere.
359 3 1300 # N Germanics G S CH N of Rhone R, incl Berner E
Alps, Lepantine Alps, & Glarner
Alps.
Sparse distribution of Germanic place
names in these Alpine regions; densest
expansion in Luzern area; evidenced by
Germanic place names. Not necessarily
expansion from (359-1). Could be migration
from elsewhere. But from W CH, N of
L Geneva, & E to NW border Bodensee. *{359-
2}*
329 5 936 947 A Germans G Middle Elbe R area, betw A
Brandenburg & Lake Mueritz, & E
toOder R & W to Elbe R, DDR.
From Saxony. Otto I's campaign & attempt
to colonize & convert Veleti, Heveller,
Reda (Settled Slavic tribes). Established
North March as a district of G. empire.
329 6 936 950 A Germans G Upper Elbe & Saale RR, area around A
Zeitz; W to Saale Rc DDR.
From Thuringia. Otto I's campaign &
attempt to colonize & convert settled
Slavs: Sorbs, Dalminci. Established March
of Zeitz as a district of G. empire.
329 14 940 946 A Germans G Lorraine & West Francia, W of A
Rhine R, Laon & Rheims, F.
From Thuringia. Campaign led by Otto I
resulted in area's inclusion in G. empire.
329 12 951 961 N Germans G N I betw St. Moritz (CH) & Nice in C
theW, to Mantua & Brescia in the E.
From Thuringia. Otto led campaign that
succeeded in conquering Kingdom of Italy.
329 4 955 # A Germans G Lower Elbe R area, N of Lake A
Mueritz, extending N & E to Baltic
Sea, & W to Elbe R,
From Saxony. Otto I's campaign & attempt
to colonize & convert settled Slavs:
Obodrites, Polabians, Warnawi. Established
March of Billings as a district of G.
empire.
53 77 1072 1109 N Germans G Sahagun Zone: Logrono, Santo R
Domingo de la Calzada, Najera,
Burgos, Castrojeriz, Carrion de
los Condes, Leon, Astorga,
Ponferrada, Lugo, Puerto Marin &
Santiago de Compostela.
From D. Not many. Resettled by King
Alfonso VI.
50 1 1100 1300 A Germans G N Transilvania S
From D.
339 1 1125 1226 A Germans G Betw Elbe & Oder RR E
From area to the W. Germans began moving
east as a result of population pressure &
quickly submerged the small West Slavs:
Wagrians. Abodrites, Sorbs, & Lusatians.
Military & predatory at first, it soon
developed into a vast movemant
of peasants, often called in by Slav
princes to develop their territories.
900 649 1125 1226 N Germans G {Betw Elbe & Oder RR} *{339-1}* L
Eastward colonization by Germans. Start
date corresponds to beginning of record
(339-1), to permit (340-1) to come from an
occupied area. End date ?
339 2 1143 # A Germans G Wagria (area E of Kiel), N D N
From D. This conquest opened the Baltic to
the Germans.
339 4 1143 # N Germans G Luebeck FRG; Wismar, Rostock, S
Stralsund, Greifswald, Cammin,
Kolberg; all along Baltic coast,
DDR.
From D. Founded these German cities.
332 2 1154 1155 N Germans G Parma, Bologna, Rome, & Ancona, A
Verona
From Roncaglia, nr Piacenza Lombardy, N I.
Frederick I's first Expedition route. No
info on ethnic composition of Frederick's
army.
332 4 1158 1162 N Germans G Verona, I Roncaglia-Piacenza, A
Pavia, Milan, Dole, F.
From Besancon, on Saone R, F (see (332-
3)). Frederick I's second Italian
expedition route. No info on ethnic
composition of Frederick's army.
332 6 1163 1164 N Germans G Bozen, D, Bologna, I A
From Area nr Innsbruck, Bavaria, D. *{332-
5}* Frederick I's third Italian expedition
route. No info on ethnic composition of
Frederick's army.
332 8 1167 1168 N Germans G Brenner Pass A/I, Bozen (Bolzano, A
I), area E of Verona, I, Ancona,
Rome, Parma, Pavia, Dijon, F.
From Area S of Augsburg, Bavaria, D. *{332-
7}* Frederick I's fourth Italian
expedition route. No info on ethnic
composition of Frederick's army.
332 10 1174 1178 N Germans G Alessandria, Chiavenna (N of Lake A
Como), Milan, Anagni, Venice, all
I.
From Area around Dijon, F. *{332-9}*
Frederick I's fifth Italian expedition
route. No info on ethnic composition of
Frederick's army.
332 12 1183 1186 N Germans G Verona, Milan, I A
From Konstanz, NE of Zurich, CH. *{332-
11}* Frederick I's sixth Italian
expedition route. No info on ethnic
composition of Frederick's army.
339 5 1186 1201 N Germans G Riga, Dorpat (Tartu), Reval S
(Talinn), SU.
From N D (from cities that later formed
the Hanseatic League). In a series of
expeditions intendeded to extend German
sway as far as Gulf of Finland.
Appreciable German colonisation limited to
these cities. German enclaves remained
important
element in Baltic states, right down to
20th century, but the bulk of the
peasantry retained their Finno-Ugrian
character (in Estonia). End date correct
for Riga acc/to (211-29).
900 653 1186 1201 N Germans G {Riga, Dorpat (Tartu), Reval L
(Talinn), SU.} *{339-5}*
For consistency with (339-5) & (340-13).
330 3 1190 1194 N Germans G Tagliacozzo, Lucera Gaeta, Naples, A
San Germano, Troia,Salerno, Melfi,
Taranto, Cosenza, Reggio, Messina,
Cefaln, Palermo, all I.
From D. An invasion of the Kingdom of
Sicily. We don't know ethnic composition
of the army.
340 13 1201 1274 N Germans G N from Riga into Livonia, & E to C
Semgallen & SW to Courland; also W
to Saarenaa, off W coast Estonia.
From Riga, Dorpat (Tartu), Reval (Talinn),
SU. *{339-5}*
900 652 1201 1346 N Germans G {Riga, Dorpat (Tartu), Reval L
(Talinn), SU.} + {N from Riga into
Livonia, & E to Semgallen & SW to
Courland; also W to Saarenaa, off
W coast Estonia.} *{900-653} +
{340-13}*
For consistency with (340-13) & (340-16).
340 1 1226 1232 A Germans G PL W of Vistula R minus Pomerellia E
(see map ref 340)
From Betw Elbe & Oder RR. *{900-649}*
Advance of Teutonic Knights.
900 650 1226 1232 N Germans G {Betw Elbe & Oder RR} + {PL W of L
Vistula R minus Pomerellia (see
map ref 340)} *{339-1} + {340-1}*
Eastward colonization by Germans. Start
date corresponds to beginning of record
(340-1); end date to conform to (340-6).
340 6 1232 1255 A Germans G (Old) Prussia, betw Vistula & E
Nemunas (Memel) RR
From Betw Elbe & Oder RR + PL W of Vistula
R minus Pomerellia (see map ref 340).
*{900-650}* Expansion by Teutonic Order.
900 651 1232 1329 N Germans G {Betw Elbe & Oder RR + PL W of L
Vistula R minus Pomerellia (see
map ref 340)} + {(Old) Prussia,
betw Vistula & Nemunas (Memel) RR}
*{900-650} + {340-6}*
Eastward colonization by Germans. Start
date corresponds to beginning of record
(340-6); end date acc/to (340-10).
202 13 1242 # N Germans G L Peipus A
From Betw Elbe & Oder RR + PL W of Vistula
R minus Pomerellia (see map ref 340) +
(Old) Prussia, betw Vistula & Nemunas
(Memel) RR. *{900-651}* End date to
conform to (340-1).
206 4 1300 1450 A Germans G N Q
In connection with Hanseatic League. From
N D.
340 8 1309 # N Germans G Pomerelia, betw Danzig & Kulm, NE S
PL (see map in ref)
From {Betw Elbe & Oder RR} + {PL W of
Vistula R minus Pomerellia (see map ref
340)} + {(Old) Prussia, betw Vistula &
Nemunas (Memel) RR} *{900-651}* 1309 marks
end of systematic subjugation of Pagan
Prussian tribes and the beginning
of 70 years of prosperity.
340 10 1329 1383 N Germans G Area around Memel, (present day S
Klaipeda, Lithuania).
From Betw Elbe & Oder RR + PL W of Vistula
R minus Pomerellia (see map ref 340) +
(Old) Prussia, betw Vistula & Nemunas
(Memel) RR *{900-651}*
340 16 1346 # N Germans G Estonia S
From Riga, Dorpat (Tartu), Reval (Talinn),
SU + N from Riga into Livonia, & E to
Semgallen & SW to Courland; also W to
Saarenaa, off W coast Estonia. *{900-652}*
Estonia sold by Danish King to Teutonic
Order.
202 19 1348 # N Germans G Neva R area A
From D. Mercenaries accompanying Swedes &
Finns.
211 37 1500 1600 N Germans G W Ukraine S
From D?
50 27 1762 1772 N Germans G Banat (from Danube-Sava junction R
to Iron Gate.
From Swabia, D. The Swabians. 11K families.
235 1 1762 1766 N Germans G Volga R area S of Saratov N of S
Volgograd (= Stalingrad,
Tsaritsyn). Also small area N of
Kuybishev.
From a triangle defined by Frankfurt,
Aschaffenburg, Kassel. About 27K settlers.
Became Volga Germans.
900 654 1762 1970 N Germans G {Volga R area S of Saratov N of L
Volgograd (= Stalingrad,
Tsaritsyn). Also small area N of
Kuybishev.} *{235-1}*
Volga Germans. For consistency with (235-
1). Population estimated at between 1 M
(213-28) and 230K (212-18).
179 34 1860 1900 N Germans G Ruhr & Rhine-Westphalian Q
industrial area.
From Mecklenburg, Pommerania, W & E
Prussia; 379 K people.
346 12 1918 1921 A Germans G Area S of Pskov, N SU A
From Latvia & Lithuania. Baltic Germans;
attacked western boundary of area
controlled by Bolsheviks.
150 6 1918 1925 N Germans G D Q
700 K people from W PL, Danzig (Gdansk),
Memel (Klaipeda, Lithuania).
347 54 1919 1924 A Germans G E D Q
40,000 Germans from CS.
235 2 1941 # N Germans G Siberia & C Asia R
From Volga R area S of Saratov N of
Volgograd (= Stalingrad, Tsaritsyn). Also
small area N of Kuybishev. *{900-654}*
Volga Germans. By Soviets. (1.8M people
incl other Germans in Russia in 1956).
151 1 1945 1970 N Germans G CH Q
1.85 percent of population. From D.
179 39 1945 1968 N Germans G W D (FRG) Q
From DDR, more than 6 M people.
179 38 1945 1950 N Germans G D (FRG + GDR) R
From E provinces lost after WWII, 11.8 M
people. (E Prussia, new W PL, CS
(Sudetenland).)
900 353 1300 1400 A Ghegs Y GR (Acania, Aetolia, Boetia, Q
Attica).
Acc/to (149-38), N. Hammond: Migrations
and invasions in Greece & adjacent area,
p.63. From N Albania (N of Shkumbi R &
including Kossovo & Metahia districts in
YU). *{900-351}*
900 351 1300 1970 A Ghegs Y N Albania (N of Shkumbi R & L
including Kossovo & Metahia
districts in YU).
Acc/to N. Hammond: Migrations & invasions
in Greece and adjacent areas, p.63. Also
to conform to (176-10).
160 1 1400 # A Ghegs Y Peloponnese: Tripolis Q
From Albania. Observer in 1689 writes
there are 3 times as many Albanians as
Greeks and Turks. Reference does not
distinguish between Ghegs and Tosks. N.
Hammond: Migrations & invasions in Greece
and adjacent areas, page 61 states 10K
migrants.
177 3 1400 1600 A Ghegs Y Calabria & Sicily Q
From GR, especially Peloponnese.
Diminished Albanian element in GR.
900 354 1400 1600 A Ghegs Y NW of Albania (Kosovo) Q
Acc/to (149-38), (176-7). From N Albania
(N of Shkumbi R & including Kossovo &
Metahia districts in YU). *{900-351}*
385 7 -1400 -1100 N Glasinac U C YU, see map 15a (5); L
"Archeologicky Atlas Evropy A
Ceskoslovenska."
Culture. Labelled Glasinac I between 1400
and 1300 BC. End date acc/to (386-9) which
also lists an Illyrian region.
388 21 -700 -375 N Golasecca U Milan area & N into Alps, I, see L
map 18a (21); "Archeologicky Atlas
Evropy A Ceskoslovenska."
Culture. Continued in reduced area in (389-
5).
389 5 -375 -50 N Golasecca U Alps of N C I, see map 20a (5); L
"Archeologicky Atlas Evropy A
Ceskoslovenska."
Culture. Late phase of this culture.
Continuation of (388-21).
302 32 800 1000 A Goplane S W of Wisla R, around Inowroclaw, L
PL (betw Wisla and Notec RR).
End date: Our generally accepted date for
formation of the Polish people. Will
become part of the Poles.
387 39 -800 100 N Gorodec U Area betw Moscow & Samara R, see L
map 17a (37); "Archeologicky Atlas
Evropy A Ceskoslovenska."
Culture. End date to conform to (390-3).
16 1 -100 400 A Goths G Oester- & Vaestergoetland & Island L
of Gotland.
End date acc/to (205-6). Not all left to
go to Gothi-Scandza. In ref 1 they are
called Amali while still in SCA.
900 486 -25 # A Goths G {Gothi-Scandza (Gothi-Scandza = N Q
PL. & N D. between Vistula & Oder
RR covering modern cities of
Gdansk, Szeszin, & Grudziadz.)}
*{1-2}*
From Oester- & Vaestergoetland & Island of
Gotland. *{16-1}*. Necessary to move Goths
from (16-1) to (1-2). Partial migration
because (205-6) mentions as Goths as
remaining in Goetland.
1 2 -25 -7 A Goths G Gothi-Scandza (Gothi-Scandza = N L
PL. & N D. between Vistula & Oder
RR covering modern cities of
Gdansk, Szeszin, & Grudziadz.)
Called Gutoni in reference.
900 487 -7 17 A Goths G Middle Oder R Both sides of middle E
Oder R, S boundary reached in E.
Mark Brandenburg, into the Lausitz
area and Lower Silesia.
From Gothi-Scandza. (Gothi-Scandza = N PL.
& N D. between Vistula & Oder RR covering
modern cities of Gdansk, Szeszin, &
Grudziadz). *{1-2}*
1 3 -7 175 N Goths G {Middle Oder R Both sides of L
middle Oder R, S boundary reached
in E. Mark Brandenburg, into the
Lausitz area and Lower Silesia.} +
{Gothi-Scandza (Gothi-Scandza = N
PL. & N D. between Vistula & Oder
RR covering modern cities of
Gdansk,
Szeszin, & Grudziadz.)} *{900-487} Start date to be consistent with (900-
+ {1-2}* 487). End date acc/to (1-9). Reference
calls them Gutoni.
1 9 175 # A Goths G Marshes nr Azov Sea M
From the middle Oder R, both sides of
middle Oder R, S boundary reached in E.
Mark Brandenburg, into the Lausitz area
and Lower Silesia. + Gothi-Scandza. (Gothi-
Scandza = N PL. & N D. between Vistula &
Oder RR covering modern cities
of Gdansk, Szeszin, & Grudziadz.) *{1-3}*
Called Gutoni in reference.
900 488 175 240 A Goths G {Marshes nr Azov Sea} *{1-9}* L
For consistency with (1-9) and (110-49).
11 55 200 230 N Goths G NW of Black Sea State between E
Carpathians, Don R, Vistula R, Sea
of Azov, centered on lower Dnepr R.
From the marshes nr Azov Sea. *{900-488}*
900 489 200 240 N Goths G {NW of Black Sea State between L
Carpathians, Don R, Vistula R, Sea
of Azov, centered on lower Dnepr
R.} *{11-55}*
For consistency with (11-55) & (110-49).
1 10 238 # N Goths G Dacia & Illyria A
From NW of Black Sea State between
Carpathians, Don R, Vistula R, Sea of
Azov, centered on lower Dnepr R. *{900-
489}*
11 58 238 # N Goths G Thrace A
From NW of Black Sea State between
Carpathians, Don R, Vistula R, Sea of
Azov, centered on lower Dnepr R. *{900-
489}*
47 12 -1900 -1600 A Greeks H Pelagonia W
From NE.
900 188 -700 -600 A Greeks H Rhode (Rosas, E) S
From Massalia. Acc/to (53-14), & R. Bosi:
Magna Graecia.
900 189 -700 -600 A Greeks H Heraclia (NE of Gibraltar), Portus S
Menusius (NW of Cadiz). (See map
p.36 of ref 53.)
Acc/to (53-14). From Greece (?).
11 4 -700 -230 A Greeks H Olbia, Modern Nikolayev, SU nr L
mouth of Dnepr R (and possibly
other localities along N coast of
Black Sea.)
Refer back to (39-30).
900 190 -650 -550 N Greeks H Herakleia, Keiros, Tios, Sesamos, S
Kytoros (all on N coast of AM).
(See map p.66/67 in Levi: Atlas of
the Greek World.)
Replaces (224-39). Origin of Herakleia
acc/to Ploetz. From Epirus.
25 22 -648 # N Greeks H Himera (Imera, N Sicily) S
Sources differ on founders. Zancle & Mylai
(Mylae)(Ionians) are both given in Bosi,
as is the possibility of Syracuse
(Dorians) which is also given in ref 25.
(Use E Sicily as source.) From E Sicily.
900 191 -648 -409 N Greeks H Himera, NC Sicily L
For consistency with (25-22). City
destroyed by Carthaginians in 409 acc/to
(372-4).
317 5 -490 # A Greeks H Marathon, GR A
From Greece. The Persian naval expedition
was, incredibly, defeated here.
317 12 -480 # A Greeks H Salamis, E GR A
From Greece.
900 199 -400 # A Greeks H Cherson (nr Crimea) S
From Herakleia which in turn was founded
by Megara.
231 20 -250 -150 A Greeks H E coast of Spain L
111 2 193 235 A Greeks H Pannonia RP S
From Greece.
900 183 1204 1246 N Greeks H Skutari, Ochrid & Prilep, Maritza C
(Marica) R, Thessaloniki (GR),
Skoplje.
Acc/to (149-34), (51-140). Acc/to ref 149
are Greek, acc/to ref 51 they could
possibly be Slavs. From Epirus.
175 10 1600 1800 N Greeks H YU Q
They settled in cities. Not clear whether
in all provinces or only in Old Serbia &
Macedonia. From Greece.
174 8 1750 1850 A Greeks H BG Q
From Greece; settled in cities.
900 202 1750 1908 A Greeks H {BG} *{174-8}* L
In cities. Expelled after independence.
50 25 1794 1830 N Greeks H Crimea Q
Said to be 'massive'. From Greece.
233 1 1900 1923 A Greeks H E Thrace & Constantinople L
650K to 730K.
233 2 1900 1923 A Greeks H AM: Aegean coast, Bythinta area, L
Cappadocia, Pontus (Pontic area--
note this is in AM not N of Black
Sea). See map on p.146.
2M in AM.
45 1 1914 1923 N Greeks H GR R
From Aegean coast.
347 16 1919 1924 A Greeks H Thrace, GR M
60K Greeks left from Caucasus for here.
Shown on map as NW TR, W of Istanbul, but
must be as indicated.
347 20 1919 1924 A Greeks H Area around Thessaloniki, GR R
From area immediately E of Istanbul, TR.
*{347-19}* 300K Greeks left TR for here.
233 3 1920 1923 N Greeks H Macedonia GR R
1.5M from AM. Only 43 percent of
Macedonian population ethnically Greek
before population exchange.
347 22 1922 1924 N Greeks H N GR R
1M Greeks left from NW TR for here.
212 17 1940 1960 N Greeks H Around Kherson & Dnepropetrovsk L
286K people. His figures are pre WW II.
151 6 1945 1970 N Greeks H CH L
0.14 percent of population.
151 9 1945 1970 N Greeks H W D L
0.56 percent of population.
213 6 1960 1970 N Greeks H Ukrainian villages nr Black Sea L
(Equivalent to area described in
{212-17}).
300-1000K people. The population figures
from this book (a generally more detailed
reference than 212) have been updated from
1970 census. Figures obtained from the
Encyclopedia Brittanica.
383 20 -1800 -1550 N Grob-Smiardow U Area W of Oder R and N of Warta R, L
NW PL, see map 13a(17);
"Archeologicky Atlas Evropy A
Ceskoslovenska."
Culture. End date acc/to (384-21). Syn.
Grob II acc/to (384-21).
901 123 -2800 -2000 A Gumelnita U Dobrugea (ROM) L
Culture. Acc/to (173-8).
48 7 -2200 -1800 A Gumelnita U Mid & W Muntenia (Valachia) ROM L
Culture.
30 4 400 550 A Gutar G Goetland (Island off S) L
30 9 500 550 A Gutar G E Baltic & E sea coast Q
From Goetland (Island off S). *{30-4}*
213 7 1600 1970 A Gypsies O Moldavia, Ukraine L
Start date: arbitrary, unknown. 100-300K
people. The population figures from this
book (a generally more detailed reference
than 212) have been updated from 1970
census. Figures obtained from the
Encyclopedia Brittanica. Scattered.
The Ethnohistory Project /
msr@life.bio.sunysb.edu