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REF REC START   END  GENS            L          LOCATION                  A          COMMENTS

384  57 -1650 -1500 N Early BronzeAge U CH, see map 14a (13);               L
                                        "Archeologicky Atlas Evropy A
                                        Ceskoslovenska."
                                                                                Culture. Full name: Early Bronze Age.

222   3 -2300 -1850 A Early Cypriot   U Cyprus                              L
                                                                                Culture. Early Bronze. Possibly related to
                                                                                major Anatolian catastrophe at end of E B
                                                                                2.Perhaps Cyprus peopled by survivors from
                                                                                Anatolia. Stated (on p 31) that they
                                                                                appear to have mixed with and not to have
                                                                                destroyed the sparse Chalcolithic
                                                                                II population in Morphou Bay, their first
                                                                                landfall.

 48  25 -1200 -800  A Early Hallstatt U ROM                                 L
                                                                                Culture. Presumably not Celtic speakers.
                                                                                They include various groups of which we
                                                                                have Babadaz (386-13), Pecica (173-23), &
                                                                                Suciu de Sus (48-24), coded U by us, and
                                                                                may therefore duplicate information.

 42   1 -3000 -2000 A Early Minoan    U Crete                               L
                                                                                Culture. Reference says resulted from
                                                                                immigrants coming from AM.

384  23 -1650 -1475 N Early N.Bronze  U Denmark, see map 14a (18);          L
                                        "Archeologicky Atlas Evropy A
                                        Ceskoslovenska."
                                                                                Culture. Full name: Early Northern Bronze
                                                                                Age. End date extended to conform to (170-
                                                                                5).

388  40  -800 -600  N E.BalticMonumen U W Latvia, Lithuania, W Estonia,     L
                                        see map 18a (39); "Archeologicky
                                        Atlas Evropy A Ceskoslovenska."
                                                                                Full culture name: "Eastern Baltic
                                                                                Mounument." Start date acc/to (387-35).

 13  24   400 500   A E. Germans      G U. Silesia & nr Czestochova         L
                                                                                Tribes not specified, possibly Gepids. (If
                                                                                named tribes shown in this area at this
                                                                                time, delete this record.)

 12  24   250 267   N E. Heruli       G Sea of Azov                         Q
                                                                                From S: Smaland, Halland, Blekinge. *{12-
                                                                                23}*

900 560   250 375   A E. Heruli       G {Sea of Azov} *{12-24}*             L
                                                                                For consistency with (12-24) & (11-66).

 11 131   267 276   N E. Heruli       G Bosporus, Aegean & Asia Minor.      N
                                                                                From Sea of Azov. *{12-24}*

  1  14   268 #     N E. Heruli       G R, BG, GR                           A
                                                                                From Sea of Azov. *{12-24}*

 11  66   375 #     N E. Heruli       G Balkans beyond Dnepr R & Danube     M
                                                                                From Sea of Azov. *{12-24}* Not clear
                                                                                whether they stayed there between 375 and
                                                                                ca 450 AD and then moved to E A & S
                                                                                Moravia or whether they moved there right
                                                                                away.

900 561   375 451   A E. Heruli       G {Balkans beyond Dnepr R & Danube}   L
                                        *{11-66}*
                                                                                For consistency with (11-66) & (1-37).
                                                                                From Sea of Azov. *{12-24}* Not clear
                                                                                whether they stayed there between 375 and
                                                                                ca 450 AD and then moved to E A & S
                                                                                Moravia or whether they moved there right
                                                                                away.

  1  37   451 #     N E. Heruli       G S Moravia & Lower A W of March R    M
                                        up to Vienna. Also betw March and
                                        Eipel (Ipel) RR (in Slovakia;
                                        acc/to ref (12-26)).
                                                                                From Balkans beyond Dnepr R & Danube. *{11-
                                                                                66}* Not clear whether they stayed there
                                                                                between 375 and ca 450 AD and then moved
                                                                                to E A & S Moravia or whether they moved
                                                                                there right away. Beaten and dispersed by
                                                                                Lombards in 508, N of L.
                                                                                Balaton. But R. Much cites 494 for this
                                                                                event.

900 562   451 508   A E. Heruli       G {S Moravia & Lower A W of March R   L
                                        up to Vienna. Also betw March and
                                        Eipel (Ipel) RR (in Slovakia;
                                        acc/to ref (12-26)).} *{1-37}*
                                                                                For consistency with (1-37) & (30-6), (133-
                                                                                32). Ref (12-26) notes a rapid numerical
                                                                                increase.

 12  27   473 508   A E. Heruli       G Pannonia, Noricum                   A
                                                                                From S Moravia & Lower A W of March R up
                                                                                to Vienna. Also betw March and Eipel
                                                                                (Ipel) RR (in Slovakia; acc/to ref (12-
                                                                                26)). *{1-37}*

 12  28   508 512   A E. Heruli       G Dacia Ripensis RP                   Q
                                                                                Parts of E. Eruli, beaten by Lombards,
                                                                                mistreated by Gepids, resettled by Romans.
                                                                                They provided many mercenaries for the
                                                                                Roman armies. From S Moravia & Lower A W
                                                                                of March R up to Vienna. Also betw March
                                                                                and Eipel (Ipel) RR (in Slovakia;
                                                                                acc/to ref (12-26)). *{1-37}*

 30   6   508 #     A E. Heruli       G Vaestergoetland                     Q
                                                                                From S Moravia & Lower A W of March R up
                                                                                to Vienna. Also betw March and Eipel
                                                                                (Ipel) RR (in Slovakia; acc/to ref (12-
                                                                                26)). *{1-37}* Start date acc/to several
                                                                                other sources (e.g. (133-31)). Ref (133-
                                                                                31) says they were the majority of
                                                                                the E. Heruli.

133  32   508 #     N E. Heruli       G Moesia Inferior RP                  Q
                                                                                Part of people. From S Moravia & Lower A W
                                                                                of March R up to Vienna. Also betw March
                                                                                and Eipel (Ipel) RR (in Slovakia; acc/to
                                                                                ref (12-26)). *{1-37}*

148  10   508 510   N E. Heruli       G Tisza R area                        Q
                                                                                From S Moravia & Lower A W of March R up
                                                                                to Vienna. Also betw March and Eipel
                                                                                (Ipel) RR (in Slovakia; acc/to ref (12-
                                                                                26)). *{1-37}* Join Gepidae.

900 563   512 550   A E. Heruli       G {Dacia Ripensis RP} *{12-28}*       L


                                                                                For consistency with (12-28) & (12-30).

 12  30   550 #     A E. Heruli       G Brenner Pass (Tyrol, A)             R
                                                                                From Dacia Ripensis RP *{12-28}*

 27  47  -700 -650  A Eburoni         G Belgium + SE NL                     M
                                                                                From ? (NE or E). This date obtained by
                                                                                context. Seems very early.

900 462  -700 1     N Eburoni         G {Belgium + SE NL} (see map ref      L
                                        352). *{27-47}*
                                                                                For consistency with (27-47). Condensation
                                                                                of (352-5), (180-9), (361-4). Defeated by
                                                                                Romans in 38 BC (acc/to ref 187, p.410).
                                                                                Still mentioned as Tungri in 100 AD
                                                                                (acc/to (353-6)).

230  12  -800 50    A Edetani         U Between Castellon & Alicante, near  L
                                        coast (E)
                                                                                End date acc/to (231-10). These are
                                                                                Iberians.

 47  82  -700 -650  A Edoni           P Mygdonia up to Axius R (see map     C
                                        16), also E of Strymon R betw it &
                                        Nestus R.
                                                                                From the east.

900 281  -700 -492  A Edoni           P {Mygdonia up to Axius R (see map    L
                                        16), also E of Strymon R betw it &
                                        Nestus R.} *{47-82}*
                                                                                End date based on (40-45) which is about
                                                                                the Odomanti, a subgroup of the Edoni.

 40  61  -241 -203  N Egyptians       O Thrace                              C
                                                                                From Egypt. Occupied by Egyptian troops by
                                                                                treaty.

383  35 -1800 -1100 N ElArgar         U S E, see map 13a (31);              L
                                        "Archeologicky Atlas Evropy A
                                        Ceskoslovenska."
                                                                                Culture. End date acc/to (386-19). Ref 230
                                                                                says these gave rise to Iberians s. str.

 26  13 -1000 -500  A Elymi           U Tapani province, NW Sicily, Map p.  L
                                        359
                                                                                End date acc/to (320-18). Probably pre-IE
                                                                                people.

 47  59  -800 -650  A Enchelees       Y Albanian coastal plain, Shkumbi RV. L
                                                                                Syn. Enheleji.

 40   6 -1300 -1250 A Eneti           U Around Morava R, YU (See ref, Fig.  L
                                        12 for location.)

 40   9 -1250 -1200 A Eneti           U N AM (See ref, Fig. 12 for          M
                                        location.)
                                                                                From Around Morava R, YU (See ref, Fig. 12
                                                                                for location.) *{40-6}* Referred to as
                                                                                Paphlagonian Eneti.

 53  78  1072 1109  N English         G Sahagun Zone: Logrono, Santo        R
                                        Domingo de la Calzada, Najera,
                                        Burgos, Castrojeriz, Carrion de
                                        los Condes, Leon, Astorga,
                                        Ponferrada, Lugo, Puerto Marin &
                                        Santiago de Compostela.
                                                                                From GB. Not many. Resettled by King
                                                                                Alfonso VI.

901 127  1166 1171  N English         G E and S Ireland                     C
                                                                                from England. Anglo-Norman invasion of
                                                                                Ireland. acc/to E.

901 141  1166 1300  A English         G E and S Ireland                     L
                                                                                start date tct 901-127, end date tct 901-
                                                                                129.

227  13  1191 #     N English         G Cyprus                              C
                                                                                From GB. 3rd Crusade. English/French.

901 211  1282 #     N English         G Wales                               C
                                                                                From England.  Formal date of conquest of
                                                                                Wales.  Subsequent diffusion of English
                                                                                into Wales is difficult to document by our
                                                                                records.  Source: Encyclopaedia Brittanica.

901 129  1300 1425  A English         G E and S Ireland                     I
                                                                                by Irish. acc/to Eb and to Ploetz, p573

232  75  1381 #     N English         G Lisbon and from there to Spanish    N
                                        frontier
                                                                                From GB. Expeditionary force (came by sea)
                                                                                to aid the Portuguese.

901 130  1500 1700  A English         G E, S, and C Ireland                 Q
                                                                                from England. soldiers and farmers. acc/to
                                                                                E.

901 142  1500 1700  A English         G Ireland except for Ulster           L
                                                                                start date tct 901-130, end date is
                                                                                independence of Ireland

901 136  1600 1625  A English         G Ulster, N Ireland                   Q
                                                                                from England. acc/to E

901 139  1600 1970  A English         G Ulster, N Ireland                   L
                                                                                start date tct 901-136; end date still
                                                                                there.

901 140  1700 1922  A English         G Ireland except for Ulster           I
                                                                                by Irish, start date tct 901-130; end date
                                                                                is independence of Ireland.

345  11  1809 1813  N English         G P, E, S F                           A
                                                                                From GB. British army under Duke of
                                                                                Wellington fought its way across E, from P.

345  20  1814 #     N English         G F                                   A
                                                                                From GB. See ref for sites.

 47  53 -1000 -700  A Eordi           U Eordea (around Pateli) in Epirus,   L
                                        GR
                                                                                Descendants of Bronze Age people of
                                                                                unknown linguistic affinity.

 47  34 -1100 -1000 A Epirotes        H Upper Haliacmon RV                  L
                                                                                Group that spoke a Greek dialect.

 28  14  -280 -275  N Epirus          Y S I, Sicily                         A
                                                                                King Pyrrhus from Epirus with 20K
                                                                                mercenaries.

388  23  -800 -600  N Este            U Venice area, N I, see map 18a       L
                                        (22); "Archeologicky Atlas Evropy
                                        A Ceskoslovenska."
                                                                                Culture synonymous with "Atestinska."
                                                                                Start date acc/to (387-19).

349   7  -100 1     N Estioni         K Area around Kempten, Bavaria, D     L

900 127   400 1970  A Estonians       F Estonia, & islands of Hiuma &       L
                                        Saaremaa, due W of Estonia.
                                                                                Acc/to (364-1), (328-18), (213-8).
                                                                                Population 1007K in 1970.

347   5  1919 1924  A Estonians       F Estonia                             R
                                                                                200K including Latvians + Lithuanians.
                                                                                From Area W of Moscow, SU. *{347-2}*

900 132  1945 1950  N Estonians       F N SU, SE of Leningrad               R
                                                                                Acc/to (348-26). 40K to N SU.

900 128  1945 1950  N Estonians       F E S                                 S
                                                                                Acc/to (348-26). 60K to S.

162   9 -1200 -400  A Eteocretans     U E Crete nr Praesus                  L
                                                                                An indigenous people, with their own
                                                                                language.

 26  15 -1000 -50   A Etruscans       U W I betw Pisa & Rome,Map page 359   L
                                        (better map in Putzger, p. 21,II)
                                                                                End date from various sources.

901 105  -800 -700  A Etruscans       U Area N of Arno R to Alps; NE I; E   E
                                        Corsica (see ref 168, map 6).
                                                                                From W I betw Pisa & Rome, map p. 359
                                                                                (better map in Putzger, p. 21, II). *{26-
                                                                                15}* Start date: guess. End date to
                                                                                conform to ref 168, map 6 & other sources.
                                                                                Location evidenced by maps in ref 164, &
                                                                                Atlas of Roman World p. 22, or Times
                                                                                Atlas of World History p. 86. Expansion to
                                                                                this area is necessary and is alluded to
                                                                                in Ploetz p. 95.

901 106  -800 -450  A Etruscans       U {Area N of Arno R to Alps; NE I; E  L
                                        Corsica (see ref 168, map 6).}
                                        *{901-105}*
                                                                                Start date to conform to (901-105); end
                                                                                date to conform to (164-11).

901 109  -800 -500  A Etruscans       U E Corsica                           L
                                                                                Start date to conform to (901-105); end
                                                                                date to accomodate (374-7).

901 108  -700 -600  A Etruscans       U Campagna region, I (less Greek      E
                                        enclave, see Atlas of Roman World,
                                        p. 22 map)
                                                                                From W I betw Pisa & Rome,Map page 359
                                                                                (better map in Putzger, p. 21,II). *{26-
                                                                                15}* Record necessary to get Etruscans
                                                                                there (22-29). Dates to conform to (22-29).

 22  29  -700 -425  A Etruscans       U Campagna region, I (less Greek      L
                                        enclave, see Atlas of Roman World,
                                        p. 22 map)
                                                                                End date to conform to (26-43).

374   4  -524 #     N Etruscans       U Cumae, just W of Neapolis, I        A
                                                                                From Campania (see map p.26 in Ancient
                                                                                History Atlas by M. Grant). Greeks
                                                                                repelled the Etruscans.

374   5  -505 #     N Etruscans       U {Cumae, just W of Neapolis, I}      A
                                        *{374-4}*
                                                                                From Campania (see map p.26 in Ancient
                                                                                History Atlas by M. Grant). Greeks
                                                                                repelled the Etruscans.

374   6  -474 #     N Etruscans       U {Cumae, just W of Neapolis, I}      A
                                        *{374-4}*
                                                                                Greeks repelled the Etruscans.

901 107  -450 -250  A Etruscans       U Area N of Appenines in I (see map   I
                                        2 in ref 164)
                                                                                By Celts.

 26  43  -425 -325  A Etruscans       U {Campagna region, I (less Greek     I
                                        enclave, see Atlas of Roman
                                        World,p. 22 map)} *{22-29}*
                                                                                Amalgamation of Opici, Greeks (Ionians),
                                                                                Etruscans & Samniti (under the name of the
                                                                                latter?). End date: arrival of Romans (901-
                                                                                7).

361  14   -70 200   A Eudoses         G Rt bank of Rhine R between          L
                                        Karlsruhe & Strassbourg (W D).
                                                                                Pure Germanic acc. to map. Part of the
                                                                                Jutes. Map shows Romance-German Linguistic
                                                                                Boundary from Middle Ages-1200. Start date
                                                                                acc/to R. Much, p.97. End date is guess.
                                                                                Some authors claim they gave rise to
                                                                                Euthungi (see (191-2)).

164  14 -1000 -500  A Euganians       U NE I, See Map 2                     L
                                                                                Start date acc/to (26-17).

900 527   200 450   A Euthungi        G {N of Danube betw Regensburg &      L
                                        Guenzburg; E of Regnitz R.}; see
                                        Abb 69, p.343. *{191-10}*
                                                                                Acc/to (191-10). Some authors consider
                                                                                them descended from Eudoses (see (191-2)).

196   3   259 280   A Euthungi        G Raetia RP                           A
                                                                                From N of Danube betw Regensburg &
                                                                                Guenzburg; E of Regnitz R.; see Abb 69,
                                                                                p.343. *{900-527}*

191   2   270 #     N Euthungi        G I (Adriatic coast, Pavia)           A
                                                                                From N of Danube betw Regensburg &
                                                                                Guenzburg; E of Regnitz R.; see Abb 69,
                                                                                p.343. *{900-527}* Boasted of 40K
                                                                                horsemen, 80K foot soldiers.

191   4   357 #     N Euthungi        G Raetia RP                           A
                                                                                From N of Danube betw Regensburg &
                                                                                Guenzburg; E of Regnitz R. *{191-10}*

196   6   429 431   N Euthungi        G Raetia RP                           A
                                                                                From N of Danube betw Regensburg &
                                                                                Guenzburg; E of Regnitz R. *{191-10}*

191  10   450 500   A Euthungi        G N of Danube betw Regensburg &       I
                                        Guenzburg; E of Regnitz R.
                                                                                By Alamanni.

 26  22  -900 -367  A Falisci         I Region around Civita Castellana,C I L
                                                                                End date acc/to (165-5). Location from
                                                                                Encyclopaedia Brittanica.

172  37 -2200 -1550 A Fatjanovo       B C Russia (maps 12a(x) & 14a(26),    L
                                        CS Atlas)
                                                                                Anthrop. Europid.

900  98 -1550 -1100 A Fatjanovo       B {C Russia (maps 12a(x) & 14a(26),   L
                                        CS Atlas).} *{172-37}*
                                                                                Implied by (38-9), (38-10).

 38  10 -1500 -1250 A Fatjanovo       B Along Belaja R as far as S Ural     E
                                        Mts.
                                                                                From C Russia (maps 12a(x) & 14a(26), CS
                                                                                Atlas). *{172-37}*

900  99 -1500 -1100 A Fatjanovo       B {Along Belaja R as far as S Ural    L
                                        Mts.} *{38-10}*
                                                                                Implied by (38-9).

 38   9 -1400 -1100 A Fatjanovo       B E along Volga R & its tributaries,  E
                                        lower Oka, Sura, lower Vjatka,
                                        lower Kama RR.
                                                                                From C Russia (maps 12a(x) & 14a(26), CS
                                                                                Atlas). *{172-37}*

382  23 -2200 -1900 N Finger Grave    U CH, see map 12a (18                 L
                                        H);"Archeologicky Atlas Evropy A
                                        Ceskoslovenska."
                                                                                Culture, part of Corded Ware & Battle Axe
                                                                                Cultures.

169  32 -2500 -2000 A Finno-Ugrians   F Oka & Volga RR basins               L
                                                                                Really Proto-Finno-Ugrians. End date is
                                                                                guess supported by (201-13). This record
                                                                                is largely based on linguistic data, hence
                                                                                times are pretty vague. Linkages to later
                                                                                Finns and Ugrians remain to be
                                                                                established. These may have to be recoded
                                                                                later with a letter other than F, to
                                                                                distinguish them from the Finnic and Ugric
                                                                                branches (their descendants).

389  25  -150 -25   N Finno-Ugrians   F Volochow & Velikaja RR area,        L
                                        around & S of Leningrad, N SU & E
                                        SF, see map 20a(21,25);
                                        'Archeologicky Atlas Evropy A
                                        Ceskoslovenska'.
                                                                                Area coded 21 refers to Finno-Ugrian
                                                                                'tribes' who made 'textile ceramics'. A
                                                                                'Textile Ceramic Culture' had existed
                                                                                here, & to the N and E of here, since 1200
                                                                                BC according to this atlas. This clearly
                                                                                refers to a mixture of Finnic and
                                                                                Ugric tribes, not the Finno-Ugric
                                                                                ancestors. These may have to be recoded
                                                                                later with a letter other than F, to
                                                                                distinguish them from the Finnic and Ugric
                                                                                branches (their descendants). End date
                                                                                interpolated between this record and (390-
                                                                                2).

900 795   -25 1     A Finno-Ugrians   F {SF, Estonia, Latvia, N SU & Oka R  E
                                        area, see map 21a(2);
                                        'Archeologicky Atlas Evropy A
                                        Ceskoslovenska'.} - {Volochow &
                                        Velikaja RR area, around & S of
                                        Leningrad, N SU & E SF, see map
                                        20a(21,25); 'Archeologicky Atlas
                                        Evropy A Ceskoslovenska'.}
                                        *{390-2} - {389-25}*                    From Volochow & Velikaja RR area, around &
                                                                                S of Leningrad, N SU & E SF, see map
                                                                                20a(21,25); 'Archeologicky Atlas Evropy A
                                                                                Ceskoslovenska'. *{389-25}* To conform to
                                                                                (389-25) and (390-2). This clearly refers
                                                                                to a mixture of Finnic and
                                                                                Ugric tribes, not the Finno-Ugric
                                                                                ancestors. These may have to be recoded
                                                                                later with a letter other than F, to
                                                                                distinguish them from the Finnic and Ugric
                                                                                branches (their descendants).

390   2   -25 200   N Finno-Ugrians   F SF, Estonia, Latvia, N SU & Oka R   L
                                        area, see map 21a(2);
                                        'Archeologicky Atlas Evropy A
                                        Ceskoslovenska'.
                                                                                Refers to Finno-Ugrian 'tribes'. This
                                                                                clearly refers to a mixture of Finnic and
                                                                                Ugric tribes, not the Finno-Ugric
                                                                                ancestors. These may have to be recoded
                                                                                later with a letter other than F, to
                                                                                distinguish them from the Finnic and Ugric
                                                                                branches (their descendants). Start date
                                                                                interpolated between this record and (389-
                                                                                25). End date interpolated between this
                                                                                record and (391-5).

900 796   200 300   A Finno-Ugrians   F {N SU incl Estonia & Latvia, & C    E
                                        SU betw Volga & Don RR, see map
                                        22a (7); 'Archeologicky Atlas
                                        Evropy A Ceskoslovenska'.} - {SF,
                                        Estonia, Latvia, N SU & Oka R
                                        area, see map 21a(2);
                                        'Archeologicky Atlas Evropy A
                                        Ceskoslovenska'.} *{391-5}
                                        - {390-2}*                              From SF, Estonia, Latvia, N SU & Oka R
                                                                                area, see map 21a(2); 'Archeologicky Atlas
                                                                                Evropy A Ceskoslovenska'. *{390-2}* To
                                                                                conform to (390-2) and (391-5). This
                                                                                clearly refers to a mixture of Finnic and
                                                                                Ugric tribes, not the Finno-Ugric
                                                                                ancestors. These may have to be recoded
                                                                                later with a letter other than F, to
                                                                                distinguish them from the Finnic and Ugric
                                                                                branches (their descendants).

391   5   200 400   N Finno-Ugrians   F N SU incl Estonia & Latvia, & C SU  L
                                        betw Volga & Don RR, see map 22a
                                        (7); 'Archeologicky Atlas Evropy A
                                        Ceskoslovenska'.
                                                                                Authors refer to 'Finno-Ugrian Inhabitants
                                                                                Culture'. I have used 'Finno-Ugrians' for
                                                                                the gens name. This clearly refers to a
                                                                                mixture of Finnic and Ugric tribes, not
                                                                                the Finno-Ugric ancestors. These may have
                                                                                to be recoded later with a
                                                                                letter other than F, to distinguish them
                                                                                from the Finnic and Ugric branches (their
                                                                                descendants). Start date interpolated
                                                                                between (390-2) and this record.

202   7  -200 400   A Finns           F W & SW SF; to Tavastia (Haeme), up  M
                                        the Kokemaeki R system. (map 1).
                                                                                From S side of Gulf of Finland, mainly
                                                                                Estonia.

900 121     1 1000  A Finns           F From White Sea to Oka R basin       L
                                                                                Acc/to (211-17), (169-114). End date
                                                                                extended as compromise with (901-126).

201   5   200 400   A Finns           F Into interior SW SF along Kumo RV.  E
                                        Toward Tampere & S Haeme. Also
                                        Vaasa hinterland.
                                                                                From SF SW coast.

201   6   400 800   A Finns           F Aland Is, E part of Lake District   E
                                        (Sysmae, Heinola, Karelian Isthmus)
                                                                                From the area of interior SW SF along Kumo
                                                                                RV. Toward Tampere & S Haeme. Also Vaasa
                                                                                hinterland. *{201-5}*

204   3   700 #     A Finns           F L Laatoka (=Ladoga?)                E
                                                                                From Aland Is, E part of Lake District
                                                                                (Sysmae, Heinola, Karelian Isthmus). *{201-
                                                                                6}*

170  31   700 1200  A Finns           F S                                   Q
                                                                                Slaves from E (SF), brought in by Vikings.

900 122   800 1000  A Finns           F {SW SF (map 1)} - {Aland Is, E      E
                                        part of Lake District (Sysmae,
                                        Heinola, Karelian Isthmus)} *{202-
                                        9} - {201-6}*
                                                                                For consistency with (202-9). (Syn.
                                                                                Suomalaiset). From Aland Is, E part of
                                                                                Lake District (Sysmae, Heinola, Karelian
                                                                                Isthmus). *{201-6}*

202   9   800 1970  A Finns           F SW SF (map 1)                       L
                                                                                (Syn. Suomalaiset).

901 152  1000 1970  N Finns           F Area W of L Onega, N SU +           L
                                        Leningrad area & Karelian ASSR
                                                                                Acc/to (346-5) and (213-20).  50-100K
                                                                                people.  The population figures from ref
                                                                                213 (a generally more detailed reference
                                                                                than 212) have been updated from 1970
                                                                                census. Figures obtained from the
                                                                                Encylcopaedia Brittanica.  Start date
                                                                                compromise between
                                                                                (900-121) and (346-5), (213-20).  Apparent
                                                                                contraction over (900-121).

202  18  1348 #     N Finns           F Neva R area                         A
                                                                                From SW SF (map 1, ref 202). *{202-9}*

170  26  1500 1700  A Finns           F Dalarne, Vaermland, and E N.        S
                                                                                13K people. From Finland.

202  22  1601 #     N Finns           F Livonia                             A
                                                                                From SF.

170  27  1700 1800  A Finns           F N N                                 S
                                                                                From N SF.

208   8  1800 1867  A Finns           F Finnmark (N)                        S
                                                                                From SF.

170   4 -2500 -1500 A Fishers-Hunters U Norway N of Trondheim, Sweden N of  L
                                        Dalarne (Dalarna) region
                                                                                Culture.

189   1   258 #     N Franks          G Tarraco (Tarragona, Mediterr.       A
                                        coast of E).
                                                                                Formed by Amsivarii, Bructeri, Chamavi,
                                                                                Chatti, Chattuarii, Usipii, Salii,
                                                                                Tencteri, Tubanti. Not clear which of
                                                                                these were involved, hence where they came
                                                                                from.

190  20   275 276   N Franks          G Rhein-Mosel RR area (Trier)         A
                                                                                Formed by Amsivarii, Bructeri, Chamavi,
                                                                                Chatti, Chattuarii, Usipii, Salii,
                                                                                Tencteri, Tubanti. Not clear which of
                                                                                these were involved, hence where they came
                                                                                from.

193   1   275 #     N Franks          G Along highway Cologne-Tongeren (B)- A
                                        Bavay (nr Maubeuge, F).
                                                                                Formed by Amsivarii, Bructeri, Chamavi,
                                                                                Chatti, Chattuarii, Usipii, Salii,
                                                                                Tencteri, Tubanti. Not clear which of
                                                                                these were involved, hence where they came
                                                                                from.

193   4   280 290   A Franks          G Trier (D), Amiens, Beauvais,        R
                                        Troyes & Langres (all in F).
                                                                                By Romans. Formed by Amsivarii, Bructeri,
                                                                                Chamavi, Chatti, Chattuarii, Usipii,
                                                                                Salii, Tencteri, Tubanti. Not clear which
                                                                                of these were involved, hence where they
                                                                                came from.

180  15   291 #     N Franks          G S Brabant, Hainaut,Ardennes Mts,    R
                                        Moselle RV.
                                                                                By Romans. Formed by Amsivarii, Bructeri,
                                                                                Chamavi, Chatti, Chattuarii, Usipii,
                                                                                Salii, Tencteri, Tubanti. Not clear which
                                                                                of these were involved, hence where they
                                                                                came from.

362   9   294 #     N Franks          G Saone & Doubs RR area NE to around  Q
                                        Gray, F.
                                                                                Formed by Amsivarii, Bructeri, Chamavi,
                                                                                Chatti, Chattuarii, Usipii, Salii,
                                                                                Tencteri, Tubanti. Not clear which of
                                                                                these were involved, hence where they came
                                                                                from.

  2   5   341 #     N Franks          G Parts of Gaul                       A
                                                                                Formed by Amsivarii, Bructeri, Chamavi,
                                                                                Chatti, Chattuarii, Usipii, Salii,
                                                                                Tencteri, Tubanti. Not clear which of
                                                                                these were involved, hence where they came
                                                                                from.

  2   6   350 #     N Franks          G Cologne                             A
                                                                                Formed by Amsivarii, Bructeri, Chamavi,
                                                                                Chatti, Chattuarii, Usipii, Salii,
                                                                                Tencteri, Tubanti. Not clear which of
                                                                                these were involved, hence where they came
                                                                                from.

362   8   360 #     N Franks          G Saone & Marne RR area NE of Dijon,  Q
                                        F.
                                                                                Formed by Amsivarii, Bructeri, Chamavi,
                                                                                Chatti, Chattuarii, Usipii, Salii,
                                                                                Tencteri, Tubanti. Not clear which of
                                                                                these were involved, hence where they came
                                                                                from.

900 575   400 450   A Franks          G {Betw. Yssel & Lower Lippe RR} +    L
                                        {Upper Wupper R} + {Area N of
                                        Lippe R} *{12-206} + {900-25} +
                                        {12-197}*
                                                                                Union of separate tribes to form Franks:
                                                                                Chamavi (900-555), Amsivarii (900-25),
                                                                                Tubanti (900-573).

900 576   450 457   A Franks          G {Betw. Yssel & Lower Lippe RR +     L
                                        Upper Wupper R + Area N of Lippe
                                        R} + {Xanthen including areas to
                                        the right of the Rhine R, the
                                        Ruhrgau around Duisburg & Menden,
                                        & the Hettergau around Herbede.} +
                                        {Betw. Ruhr & Lippe RR} +
                                        {Toxandria
                                        Toxandria = Teisterbant area (in        Union of separate tribes to form Frankish
                                        Dutch). It is the drainage area of      Federation: Chattuarii (2-17), Bructeri
                                        the Drommel R in N Brabant,             (900-552), Salii (2-13). End date to
                                        extending E to the Peel Swamps, W       conform to (11-117).
                                        to inlet of Schelde R. + Beyond
                                        Toxandria into Flanders} *{900-
                                        575} + {2-17} + {12-202}* * + {2-
                                        13}*

900 577   457 #     A Franks          G Cambrai & Somme RR + Alsace &       E
                                        Palatinate.
                                                                                Acc/to (11-110) & (11-117). From betw.
                                                                                Yssel & Lower Lippe RR + Upper Wupper R +
                                                                                Area N of Lippe R + Xanthen including
                                                                                areas to the right of the Rhine R, the
                                                                                Ruhrgau around Duisburg & Menden, & the
                                                                                Hettergau around Herbede. + Betw. Ruhr
                                                                                & Lippe RR + Toxandria (Toxandria =
                                                                                Teisterbant area (in Dutch).) It is the
                                                                                drainage area of the Drommel R in N
                                                                                Brabant, extending E to the Peel Swamps, W
                                                                                to inlet of Schelde R. + Beyond Toxandria
                                                                                into Flanders. *{900-576}*

900 578   457 480   A Franks          G {Betw. Yssel & Lower Lippe RR +     L
                                        Upper Wupper R + Area N of Lippe R
                                        + Xanthen including areas to the
                                        right of the Rhine R, the Ruhrgau
                                        around Duisburg & Menden, & the
                                        Hettergau around Herbede. + Betw.
                                        Ruhr & Lippe RR + Toxandria
                                        Toxandria
                                        = Teisterbant area (in Dutch). It       For consistency with (900-577) & (362-7).
                                        is the drainage area of the
                                        Drommel R in N Brabant, extending
                                        E to the Peel Swamps, W to inlet
                                        of Schelde R. + Beyond Toxandria
                                        into Flanders} + {Cambrai & Somme
                                        RR + Alsace & Palatinate.} *{900-
                                        576}
                                        + {900-577}*

362   7   480 #     N Franks          G Luxembourg, & along Mosel R into    E
                                        Rheinland-Pfalz, Hunsrueck,
                                        Saarland.
                                                                                From betw. Yssel & Lower Lippe RR + Upper
                                                                                Wupper R + Area N of Lippe R + Xanthen
                                                                                including areas to the right of the Rhine
                                                                                R, the Ruhrgau around Duisburg & Menden, &
                                                                                the Hettergau around Herbede. + Betw. Ruhr
                                                                                & Lippe RR + Toxandria (Toxandria
                                                                                = Teisterbant area (in Dutch).) It is the
                                                                                drainage area of the Drommel R in N
                                                                                Brabant, extending E to the Peel Swamps, W
                                                                                to inlet of Schelde R. + Beyond Toxandria
                                                                                into Flanders. + Cambrai & Somme RR +
                                                                                Alsace & Palatinate. *{900-578}*

900 579   480 486   N Franks          G {Betw. Yssel & Lower Lippe RR +     L
                                        Upper Wupper R + Area N of Lippe R
                                        + Xanthen including areas to the
                                        right of the Rhine R, the Ruhrgau
                                        around Duisburg & Menden, & the
                                        Hettergau around Herbede. + Betw.
                                        Ruhr & Lippe RR + Toxandria
                                        Toxandria
                                        = Teisterbant area (in Dutch). It       For consistency with (362-7) & (2-20).
                                        is the drainage area of the
                                        Drommel R in N Brabant, extending
                                        E to the Peel Swamps, W to inlet
                                        of Schelde R. + Beyond Toxandria
                                        into Flanders + Cambrai & Somme RR
                                        + Alsace & Palatinate.} +
                                        {Luxembourg,
                                        & along Mosel R into Rheinland-
                                        Pfalz, Hunsrueck, Saarland.} *{900-
                                        578} + {362-7}*

  2  20   486 494   N Franks          G Between Seine & Loire RR            E
                                                                                From betw. Yssel & Lower Lippe RR + Upper
                                                                                Wupper R + Area N of Lippe R + Xanthen
                                                                                including areas to the right of the Rhine
                                                                                R, the Ruhrgau around Duisburg & Menden, &
                                                                                the Hettergau around Herbede. + Betw. Ruhr
                                                                                & Lippe RR + Toxandria (Toxandria
                                                                                = Teisterbant area (in Dutch).) It is the
                                                                                drainage area of the Drommel R in N
                                                                                Brabant, extending E to the Peel Swamps, W
                                                                                to inlet of Schelde R. + Beyond Toxandria
                                                                                into Flanders. + Cambrai & Somme RR +
                                                                                Alsace & Palatinate. + Luxembourg,
                                                                                & along Mosel R into Rheinland-Pfalz,
                                                                                Hunsrueck, Saarland. *{900-579}*

900 580   486 496   N Franks          G {Betw. Yssel & Lower Lippe RR +     L
                                        Upper Wupper R + Area N of Lippe R
                                        + Xanthen including areas to the
                                        right of the Rhine R, the Ruhrgau
                                        around Duisburg & Menden, & the
                                        Hettergau around Herbede. + Betw.
                                        Ruhr & Lippe RR + Toxandria
                                        Toxandria
                                        = Teisterbant area (in Dutch). It       For consistency with (2-20) & (2-24).
                                        is the drainage area of the
                                        Drommel R in N Brabant, extending
                                        E to the Peel Swamps, W to inlet
                                        of Schelde R. + Beyond Toxandria
                                        into Flanders + Cambrai & Somme RR
                                        + Alsace & Palatinate.} +
                                        {Luxembourg,
                                        & along Mosel R into Rheinland-
                                        Pfalz, Hunsrueck, Saarland. +
                                        {Between Seine & Loire RR} *{900-
                                        579} + {2-20}*

197   7   496 #     N Franks          G Fritzlar-Waberner basin N of        C
                                        Knuell Mts & drained by Eder R,
                                        Kasseler basin adjacent in N, area
                                        of Diemel & Esse RR (Abb. 182).
                                                                                From betw. Yssel & Lower Lippe RR + Upper
                                                                                Wupper R + Area N of Lippe R + Xanthen
                                                                                including areas to the right of the Rhine
                                                                                R, the Ruhrgau around Duisburg & Menden, &
                                                                                the Hettergau around Herbede. + Betw. Ruhr
                                                                                & Lippe RR + Toxandria (Toxandria
                                                                                = Teisterbant area (in Dutch).) It is the
                                                                                drainage area of the Drommel R in N
                                                                                Brabant, extending E to the Peel Swamps, W
                                                                                to inlet of Schelde R. + Beyond Toxandria
                                                                                into Flanders. + Cambrai & Somme RR +
                                                                                Alsace & Palatinate. + Luxembourg,
                                                                                & along Mosel R into Rheinland-Pfalz,
                                                                                Hunsrueck, Saarland. + Between Seine &
                                                                                Loire RR. *{900-580}*

  2  24   496 497   N Franks          G Alaman Empire {(Alsace,             E
                                        Palatinate, Worms Rheingau,
                                        Aschaffenburg, Wuerzburg, Raetia W
                                        of Iller R, + Basel, CH, + N, C, &
                                        E CH + {Meuse R area, just W of
                                        Mosel R, around Foug, E F. +
                                        Borders: W is Rhine R, S is L
                                        Constance, E is Iller
                                        & Danube RR. N of Main R, the           From betw. Yssel & Lower Lippe RR + Upper
                                        Rheingau and Wetterau. + Dieuze,        Wupper R + Area N of Lippe R + Xanthen
                                        betw Rhine & Mosel RR, nr Seille        including areas to the right of the Rhine
                                        R, Moselle Region, E F. + Troyes,       R, the Ruhrgau around Duisburg & Menden, &
                                        on Seine R, F. + Auxerre, E F. +        the Hettergau around Herbede. + Betw. Ruhr
                                        Autun, E F. + Marne R area of           & Lippe RR + Toxandria (Toxandria
                                        Champagne Region, F. - N part of
                                        territory.)}
                                        *{900-7}*                               = Teisterbant area (in Dutch).) It is the
                                                                                drainage area of the Drommel R in N
                                                                                Brabant, extending E to the Peel Swamps, W
                                                                                to inlet of Schelde R. + Beyond Toxandria
                                                                                into Flanders. + Cambrai & Somme RR +
                                                                                Alsace & Palatinate. + Luxembourg,
                                                                                & along Mosel R into Rheinland-Pfalz,
                                                                                Hunsrueck, Saarland. + Between Seine &
                                                                                Loire RR. *{900-580}*

900 581   496 507   N Franks          G {Betw. Yssel & Lower Lippe RR +     L
                                        Upper Wupper R + Area N of Lippe R
                                        + Xanthen including areas to the
                                        right of the Rhine R, the Ruhrgau
                                        around Duisburg & Menden, & the
                                        Hettergau around Herbede. + Betw.
                                        Ruhr & Lippe RR + Toxandria
                                        Toxandria
                                        = Teisterbant area (in Dutch). It       For consistency with (2-24), (197-7) &
                                        is the drainage area of the             (166-18).
                                        Drommel R in N Brabant, extending
                                        E to the Peel Swamps, W to inlet
                                        of Schelde R. + Beyond Toxandria
                                        into Flanders + Cambrai & Somme RR
                                        + Alsace & Palatinate. +
                                        Luxembourg,
                                        & along Mosel R into Rheinland-
                                        Pfalz, Hunsrueck, Saarland. +
                                        Between Seine & Loire RR} +
                                        {Alaman Empire (Alsace,
                                        Palatinate, Worms Rheingau,
                                        Aschaffenburg, Wuerzburg, Raetia W
                                        of Iller R, + Basel, CH, + N, C, &
                                        E CH + Meuse R area, just
                                        W of Mosel R, around Foug, E F. +
                                        other areas}. See long record.
                                        *{900-580} + {2-24} + {197-
                                        7}*

166  18   507 #     N Franks          G Tolosanic Empire (around)           C
                                        Toulouse, from Loire R to Pyrenees.
                                                                                From betw. Yssel & Lower Lippe RR + Upper
                                                                                Wupper R + Area N of Lippe R + Xanthen
                                                                                including areas to the right of the Rhine
                                                                                R, the Ruhrgau around Duisburg & Menden, &
                                                                                the Hettergau around Herbede. + Betw. Ruhr
                                                                                & Lippe RR + Toxandria (Toxandria
                                                                                = Teisterbant area (in Dutch).) It is the
                                                                                drainage area of the Drommel R in N
                                                                                Brabant, extending E to the Peel Swamps, W
                                                                                to inlet of Schelde R. + Beyond Toxandria
                                                                                into Flanders. + Cambrai & Somme RR +
                                                                                Alsace & Palatinate. + Luxembourg,
                                                                                & along Mosel R into Rheinland-Pfalz,
                                                                                Hunsrueck, Saarland. + Between Seine &
                                                                                Loire RR. + Alaman Empire (Alsace,
                                                                                Palatinate, Worms Rheingau, Aschaffenburg,
                                                                                Wuerzburg, Raetia W of Iller R, + Basel,
                                                                                CH, + N, C, & E CH + Meuse R area, just
                                                                                W of Mosel R, around Foug, E F. + Borders:
                                                                                W is Rhine R, S is L Constance, E is Iller
                                                                                & Danube RR. N of Main R, the Rheingau and
                                                                                Wetterau. + more comment; see long record.
                                                                                *{900-581}*
900 582   507 531   N Franks          G {Betw. Yssel & Lower Lippe RR +     L
                                        Upper Wupper R + Area N of Lippe R
                                        + Xanthen including areas to the
                                        right of the Rhine R, the Ruhrgau
                                        around Duisburg & Menden, & the
                                        Hettergau around Herbede. + Betw.
                                        Ruhr & Lippe RR + Toxandria
                                        Toxandria
                                        = Teisterbant area (in Dutch). It       For consistency with (166-18) & (900-583).
                                        is the drainage area of the
                                        Drommel R in N Brabant, extending
                                        E to the Peel Swamps, W to inlet
                                        of Schelde R. + Beyond Toxandria
                                        into Flanders + Cambrai & Somme RR
                                        + Alsace & Palatinate. +
                                        Luxembourg,
                                        & along Mosel R into Rheinland-
                                        Pfalz, Hunsrueck, Saarland. +
                                        Between Seine & Loire RR + Alaman
                                        Empire (Alsace, Palatinate, Worms
                                        Rheingau, Aschaffenburg,
                                        Wuerzburg, Raetia W of Iller R, +
                                        Basel, CH, + N, C, & E CH + Meuse
                                        R area, just
                                        W of Mosel R, around Foug, E F. +
                                        other areas}. See long record.
                                        *{900-581} + {166-18}*

900 583   531 541   N Franks          G {Thuringian Empire} + {SE F up to   C
                                        Durance R (RP Lugdunensis I)} +
                                        {Sapaudia (corresponds to French
                                        speaking part of modern CH & S
                                        Empire stretched from S Champagne
                                        to the Durance and the Maritime
                                        Alps.} + {Provence} + {Bayuvar
                                        Empire}
                                        + {Narbonne, Pamplona} *{12-174} +      From Betw. Yssel & Lower Lippe RR + Upper
                                        {192-18} + {11-108}* * + {11-112}       Wupper R + Area N of Lippe R + Xanthen
                                        + {12-157} * * + {232-31} *             including areas to the right of the Rhine
                                                                                R, the Ruhrgau around Duisburg & Menden, &
                                                                                the Hettergau around Herbede. + Betw. Ruhr
                                                                                & Lippe RR + Toxandria =
                                                                                Teisterbant area (in Dutch). It is the
                                                                                drainage area of the Drommel R in N
                                                                                Brabant, extending E to the Peel Swamps, W
                                                                                to inlet of Schelde R. + Beyond Toxandria
                                                                                into Flanders + Cambrai & Somme RR +
                                                                                Alsace & Palatinate. + Luxembourg, &
                                                                                along Mosel R into Rheinland-Pfalz,
                                                                                Hunsrueck, Saarland. + Between Seine &
                                                                                Loire RR + Alaman Empire (Alsace,
                                                                                Palatinate, Worms, Rheingau,
                                                                                Aschaffenburg, Wuerzburg, Raetia W of
                                                                                Iller R, + Basel, CH, + N, C, & E CH +
                                                                                Meuse R area, just
                                                                                W of Mosel R, + more comment; see long
                                                                                record list. *{900-582}*
900 584   531 709   N Franks          G {Betw. Yssel & Lower Lippe RR +     L
                                        Upper Wupper R + Area N of Lippe R
                                        + Xanthen including areas to the
                                        right of the Rhine R, the Ruhrgau
                                        around Duisburg & Menden, & the
                                        Hettergau around Herbede. + Betw.
                                        Ruhr & Lippe RR + Toxandria
                                        (=Teisterbant
                                        area in Dutch). Drainage area of        For consistency with (900-583) & (11-119).
                                        Drom- mel R in N Brabant, ext E to
                                        Peel Swamps, W to inlet of Schelde
                                        R + Beyond Toxandria into Flanders
                                        + Cambrai & Somme RR + Alsace &
                                        Palatinate +Luxembourg, & along
                                        Mosel R into Rheinland-
                                        Pfalz,Hunsruek,Saarland
                                        + Between Seine & Loire RR +
                                        Alaman Empire (Alsace, Palatinate,
                                        Worms Rheingau, Aschaffenburg,
                                        Wuerzburg, Raetia W of Iller R, +
                                        Basel, CH, + N, C, & E CH + Meuse
                                        R area, just W of Mosel R, around
                                        Foug, E F. + Borders: W is Rhine
                                        R, S
                                        is L Constance, E is Iller &
                                        Danube RR. N of Main R, the
                                        Rheingau and Wetterau. + Dieuze,
                                        betw Rhine & Mosel RR, nr Seille
                                        R, Moselle Region, E F. + more
                                        areas. See long record. *{900-
                                        582} + {900-583}*

  2  29   538 #     N Franks          G Milan, Venetia                      A
                                                                                From Betw. Yssel & Lower Lippe RR + Upper
                                                                                Wupper R + Area N of Lippe R + Xanthen
                                                                                including areas to the right of the Rhine
                                                                                R, the Ruhrgau around Duisburg & Menden, &
                                                                                the Hettergau around Herbede. + Betw. Ruhr
                                                                                & Lippe RR + Toxandria =
                                                                                Teisterbant area (in Dutch). It is the
                                                                                drainage area of the Drommel R in N
                                                                                Brabant, extending E to the Peel Swamps, W
                                                                                to inlet of Schelde R. + Beyond Toxandria
                                                                                into Flanders + Cambrai & Somme RR +
                                                                                Alsace & Palatinate. + Luxembourg, &
                                                                                along Mosel R into Rheinland-Pfalz,
                                                                                Hunsrueck, Saarland. + Between Seine &
                                                                                Loire RR + Alaman Empire (Alsace,
                                                                                Palatinate, Worms, Rheingau,
                                                                                Aschaffenburg, Wuerzburg, Raetia W of
                                                                                Iller R, + Basel, CH, + N, C, & E CH +
                                                                                more comment; see long
                                                                                record list. *{900-582}*

 53  49   631 #     N Franks          G Zaragoza (E)                        A
                                                                                From Betw. Yssel & Lower Lippe RR + Upper
                                                                                Wupper R + Area N of Lippe R + Xanthen
                                                                                including areas to the right of the Rhine
                                                                                R, the Ruhrgau around Duisburg & Menden, &
                                                                                the Hettergau around Herbede. + Betw. Ruhr
                                                                                & Lippe RR + Toxandria =
                                                                                Teisterbant area (in Dutch). It is the
                                                                                drainage area of the Drommel R in N
                                                                                Brabant, extending E to the Peel Swamps, W
                                                                                to inlet of Schelde R. + Beyond Toxandria
                                                                                into Flanders + Cambrai & Somme RR +
                                                                                Alsace & Palatinate. + Luxembourg, &
                                                                                along Mosel R into Rheinland-Pfalz,
                                                                                Hunsrueck, Saarland. + Between Seine &
                                                                                Loire RR + Alaman Empire (Alsace,
                                                                                Palatinate, Worms, Rheingau,
                                                                                Aschaffenburg, Wuerzburg, Raetia W of
                                                                                Iller R, + Basel, CH, + N, C, & E CH +
                                                                                Meuse R area, just
                                                                                W of Mosel R, + more comment; see long
                                                                                record list. *{900-584}*
 11 119   709 712   N Franks          G N I & CH (German-speaking part;     C
                                        see ref 357)
                                                                                From Betw. Yssel & Lower Lippe RR + Upper
                                                                                Wupper R + Area N of Lippe R + Xanthen
                                                                                including areas to the right of the Rhine
                                                                                R, the Ruhrgau around Duisburg & Menden, &
                                                                                the Hettergau around Herbede. + Betw. Ruhr
                                                                                & Lippe RR + Toxandria =
                                                                                Teisterbant area (in Dutch). It is the
                                                                                drainage area of the Drommel R in N
                                                                                Brabant, extending E to the Peel Swamps, W
                                                                                to inlet of Schelde R. + Beyond Toxandria
                                                                                into Flanders + Cambrai & Somme RR +
                                                                                Alsace & Palatinate. + Luxembourg, &
                                                                                along Mosel R into Rheinland-Pfalz,
                                                                                Hunsrueck, Saarland. + Between Seine &
                                                                                Loire RR + Alaman Empire (Alsace,
                                                                                Palatinate, Worms, Rheingau,
                                                                                Aschaffenburg, Wuerzburg, Raetia W of
                                                                                Iller R, + Basel, CH, + N, C, & E CH +
                                                                                Meuse R area, just
                                                                                W of Mosel R, + more comment; see long
                                                                                record list. *{900-584}*
900 585   709 772   N Franks          G {Betw. Yssel & Lower Lippe RR +     L
                                        Upper Wupper R + Area N of Lippe R
                                        + Xanthen including areas to the
                                        right of the Rhine R, the Ruhrgau
                                        around Duisburg & Menden, & the
                                        Hettergau around Herbede. + Betw.
                                        Ruhr & Lippe RR + Toxandria
                                        (=Teisterbant
                                        area in Dutch). Drainage area of        For consistency with (11-119) & (900-586).
                                        Drom- mel R in N Brabant, ext E to
                                        Peel Swamps, W to inlet of Schelde
                                        R + Beyond Toxandria into Flanders
                                        + Cambrai & Somme RR + Alsace &
                                        Palatinate +Luxembourg, & along
                                        Mosel R into Rheinland-
                                        Pfalz,Hunsruek,Saarland
                                        + Between Seine & Loire RR +
                                        Alaman Empire (Alsace, Palatinate,
                                        Worms Rheingau, Aschaffenburg,
                                        Wuerzburg, Raetia W of Iller R, +
                                        Basel, CH, + N, C, & E CH + Meuse
                                        R area, just W of Mosel R, around
                                        Foug, E F. + Borders: W is Rhine
                                        R, S
                                        is L Constance, E is Iller &
                                        Danube RR. N of Main R, the
                                        Rheingau and Wetterau. + Dieuze,
                                        betw Rhine & Mosel RR, nr Seille
                                        R, Moselle Region, E F. + more
                                        areas. See long record. *{900-
                                        584} + {11-119}*

900 586   772 801   N Franks          G {Betw mid & lower Rhine & mid       C
                                        Weser R (S Saxony)} + {Friulia,
                                        Istria} + {Coast N of Zuiderzee up
                                        to Ems R and betw Ems R & Weser R
                                        (East Frisia)} + {Bavaria} +
                                        {Havel & Peene RR (DDR)} +
                                        {Barcelona, Pallars, Ribagorza &
                                        Aragon counties}
                                        *{194-28} + {149-16} + {12-111}*        From Betw. Yssel & Lower Lippe RR + Upper
                                        *+ {196-12} + {33-37} + {53-71}*        Wupper R + Area N of Lippe R + Xanthen
                                                                                including areas to the right of the Rhine
                                                                                R, the Ruhrgau around Duisburg & Menden, &
                                                                                the Hettergau around Herbede. + Betw. Ruhr
                                                                                & Lippe RR + Toxandria =
                                                                                Teisterbant area (in Dutch). It is the
                                                                                drainage area of the Drommel R in N
                                                                                Brabant, extending E to the Peel Swamps, W
                                                                                to inlet of Schelde R. + Beyond Toxandria
                                                                                into Flanders + Cambrai & Somme RR +
                                                                                Alsace & Palatinate. + Luxembourg, &
                                                                                along Mosel R into Rheinland-Pfalz,
                                                                                Hunsrueck, Saarland. + Between Seine &
                                                                                Loire RR + Alaman Empire (Alsace,
                                                                                Palatinate, Worms, Rheingau,
                                                                                Aschaffenburg, Wuerzburg, Raetia W of
                                                                                Iller R, + Basel, CH, + N, C, & E CH +
                                                                                Meuse R area, just
                                                                                W of Mosel R, + more comment; see long
                                                                                record list. *{900-585}*
900 587   772 900   A Franks          G {Betw. Yssel & Lower Lippe RR +     L
                                        Upper Wupper R + Area N of Lippe R
                                        + Xanthen including areas to the
                                        right of the Rhine R, the Ruhrgau
                                        & the Hettergau + Betw. Ruhr &
                                        Lippe RR + Toxandria (=Teisterbant
                                        area) + Beyond Toxandria into
                                        Flanders
                                        + Cambrai & Somme RR + Alsace &         Start date acc/to (900-585). End date is
                                        Palatinate + Luxembourg, & along        artificial. Franks stayed in these areas,
                                        Mosel R + Between Seine & Loire RR      amalgamated with other peoples, assumed
                                        + Alaman Empire (Alsace,                other names.
                                        Palatinate, Worms Rheingau,
                                        Aschaffenburg, Wuerzburg, Raetia W
                                        of Iller R, + Basel, CH, + N, C, &
                                        E CH + Meuse
                                        R area, just W of Mosel R, around
                                        Foug, E F. + Borders: W is Rhine
                                        R, S is L Constance, E is Iller &
                                        Danube RR. N of Main R, the
                                        Rheingau and Wetterau. + Dieuze,
                                        betw Rhine & Mosel RR, nr Seille
                                        R, Moselle Region, E F. + Troyes,
                                        on Seine
                                        R, F. + Auxerre, E F. + Autun, E
                                        F. + Marne R area of Champagne
                                        Region, F - N part of terr.) +
                                        Fritzlar-Waberner basin N of +
                                        other areas. See long record.
                                        *{900-585} + {900-586}*

234 142   796 #     N Franks          G Tisza R banks                       A
                                                                                From Betw. Yssel & Lower Lippe RR + Upper
                                                                                Wupper R + Area N of Lippe R + Xanthen
                                                                                including areas to the right of the Rhine
                                                                                R, the Ruhrgau around Duisburg & Menden, &
                                                                                the Hettergau around Herbede. + Betw. Ruhr
                                                                                & Lippe RR + Toxandria =
                                                                                Teisterbant area (in Dutch). It is the
                                                                                drainage area of the Drommel R in N
                                                                                Brabant, extending E to the Peel Swamps, W
                                                                                to inlet of Schelde R. + Beyond Toxandria
                                                                                into Flanders + Cambrai & Somme RR +
                                                                                Alsace & Palatinate. + Luxembourg, &
                                                                                along Mosel R into Rheinland-Pfalz,
                                                                                Hunsrueck, Saarland. + Between Seine &
                                                                                Loire RR + Alaman Empire (Alsace,
                                                                                Palatinate, Worms, Rheingau,
                                                                                Aschaffenburg, Wuerzburg, Raetia W of
                                                                                Iller R, + Basel, CH, + N, C, & E CH +
                                                                                Meuse R area, just
                                                                                W of Mosel R, + more comment; see long
                                                                                record list. *{900-585}*
231  32   800 1000  A Franks          G Santiago de Compostela (E)          S
                                                                                From Betw. Yssel & Lower Lippe RR + Upper
                                                                                Wupper R + Area N of Lippe R + Xanthen
                                                                                including areas to the right of the Rhine
                                                                                R, the Ruhrgau around Duisburg & Menden, &
                                                                                the Hettergau around Herbede. + Betw. Ruhr
                                                                                & Lippe RR + Toxandria =
                                                                                Teisterbant area (in Dutch). It is the
                                                                                drainage area of the Drommel R in N
                                                                                Brabant, extending E to the Peel Swamps, W
                                                                                to inlet of Schelde R. + Beyond Toxandria
                                                                                into Flanders + Cambrai & Somme RR +
                                                                                Alsace & Palatinate. + Luxembourg, &
                                                                                along Mosel R into Rheinland-Pfalz,
                                                                                Hunsrueck, Saarland. + Between Seine &
                                                                                Loire RR + Alaman Empire (Alsace,
                                                                                Palatinate, Worms, Rheingau,
                                                                                Aschaffenburg, Wuerzburg, Raetia W of
                                                                                Iller R, + Basel, CH, + N, C, & E CH +
                                                                                Meuse R area, just
                                                                                W of Mosel R, + more comment; see long
                                                                                record list. *{900-585}*
  7  24   803 #     N Franks          G Pannonia                            A
                                                                                From Betw. Yssel & Lower Lippe RR + Upper
                                                                                Wupper R + Area N of Lippe R + Xanthen
                                                                                including areas to the right of the Rhine
                                                                                R, the Ruhrgau around Duisburg & Menden, &
                                                                                the Hettergau around Herbede. + Betw. Ruhr
                                                                                & Lippe RR + Toxandria =
                                                                                Teisterbant area (in Dutch). It is the
                                                                                drainage area of the Drommel R in N
                                                                                Brabant, extending E to the Peel Swamps, W
                                                                                to inlet of Schelde R. + Beyond Toxandria
                                                                                into Flanders + Cambrai & Somme RR +
                                                                                Alsace & Palatinate. + Luxembourg, &
                                                                                along Mosel R into Rheinland-Pfalz,
                                                                                Hunsrueck, Saarland. + Between Seine &
                                                                                Loire RR + Alaman Empire (Alsace,
                                                                                Palatinate, Worms, Rheingau,
                                                                                Aschaffenburg, Wuerzburg, Raetia W of
                                                                                Iller R, + Basel, CH, + N, C, & E CH +
                                                                                Meuse R area, just
                                                                                W of Mosel R, + more comment; see long
                                                                                record list. *{900-585}*

901  63   476 1970  N French          I French speaking areas of F, B & CH  L
                                                                                Start date: end of Roman empire; end date:
                                                                                still there.

 53  79  1072 1109  N French          I Sahagun Zone: Logrono, Santo        R
                                        Domingo de la Calzada, Najera,
                                        Burgos, Castrojeriz, Carrion de
                                        los Condes, Leon, Astorga,
                                        Ponferrada, Lugo, Puerto Marin &
                                        Santiago de Compostela.
                                                                                Resettled by King Alfonso VI from various
                                                                                regions in F (Bourgogne, Gascony,
                                                                                Normandy, Provence, Toulouse).

227   1  1096 1097  N French          I Balkans                             W
                                                                                1st crusade (majority from France).

227   2  1098 1099  N French          I {Antioch (the crusader state, not   C
                                        the city. See Putzger p.49)} +
                                        {Edessa (the crusader state, not
                                        the city. See Putzger p.49)} *{227-
                                        5} + {901-64}*
                                                                                From F. 1.2 to 1.5K cavalry & 12K
                                                                                soldiers. Conquest of Edessa implied by
                                                                                map of ref. 227, page 302.

227   5  1098 1268  N French          I Antioch (the crusader state, not    L
                                        the city. See Putzger p.49)
                                                                                Franks, as they were called, were a small
                                                                                minority of population.

901  64  1098 1144  N French          I Edessa (the crusader state, not     L
                                        the city. See Putzger p.49)
                                                                                Franks, as they were called, were a small
                                                                                minority of population acc/to ref 227 p.
                                                                                302.

236  16  1101 1104  N French          I N AM                                A
                                                                                From F. These are Crusaders!

227   6  1191 #     N French          I Cyprus                              C
                                                                                From F. 3rd Crusade. English/French.

227   7  1202 #     N French          I Zara (modern Zadar, YU)             C
                                                                                From F. 4th Crusade. Mostly French.

227   8  1203 #     N French          I Constantinople                      C
                                                                                From F. 4th Crusade. Mostly French.

232  54  1209 #     N French          I Carcassone, Toulouse                A
                                                                                From N F.

333   8  1264 1268  N French          I I (NW & boot)                       A
                                                                                Attack by Charles of Anjou to aid Pope
                                                                                Clement IV.

232  65  1284 #     N French          I Aragon (old kingdom in E)           A
                                                                                From F.

232  79  1521 #     N French          I Navarre (ancient kingdom of E)      A
                                                                                From F.

901  77  1553 1559  N French          I Corsica                             
                                                                                From F. Occupied Is during this span.
                                                                                Displaced again by Genoese (acc/to E).

179  32  1650 #     A French          I Electorate Brandenburg (Putzger p.  Q
                                        75)
                                                                                From F. 200 K Huguenots.

901  66  1650 1750  A French          I {Electorate Brandenburg (Putzger    I
                                        p. 75)} *{179-32}*
                                                                                Acc/to (179-32). 200 K Huguenots.

901  78  1769 #     N French          I Corsica                             C
                                                                                From F. (Acc/to E.)

901  79  1769 1970  N French          I Corsica                             L
                                                                                Start date to conform to (901-78); end
                                                                                date: still there.

345   1  1796 1797  N French          I Mondovi, Dego, Lodi, Montenotte,    A
                                        Castiglione, Lonato, Bassano, &
                                        Arcole, Rivoli, N I
                                                                                From F. French victories under Napoleon's
                                                                                Italian campaign.

345   4  1799 #     N French          I Zurich, CH                          A
                                                                                From F. French victory under Napoleon.

345   3  1800 #     N French          I Marengo, N I                        A
                                                                                From F. French victory under Napoleon.

345   5  1800 #     N French          I Hohenlinden, (just E of Munich,D)   A
                                                                                From F. French victory under Napoleon.

345   6  1805 #     N French          I Ulm, D & Austerlitz, CS             A
                                                                                From F. French victory under Napoleon.

345   7  1806 #     N French          I Jena, DDR (Prussia)                 A
                                                                                From F. French victory under Napoleon.

232  80  1807 1813  N French          I P, E                                A
                                                                                From F. Via the Pyrenees.

345   8  1807 #     N French          I Friedland & Eylau, E Prussia (NW    A
                                        SU)
                                                                                From F. French victory under Napoleon.

345  15  1812 #     N French          I Berezina (on Berezina R SU, W of    A
                                        Moscow), Krasnoi, Smolensk,
                                        Maloyaroslavets, Borodino, &
                                        Moscow, W SU.
                                                                                From F. French victory under Napoleon, &
                                                                                captured Smolensk & Moscow.

345  16  1813 #     N French          I Lutzen, Leipzig, Dresden ;          A
                                        Bautzen, DDR & Hanau, D.
                                                                                From F. French victory under Napoleon,
                                                                                except at Leipzig.

345  24  1815 #     N French          I B                                   A
                                                                                From F. French defeated by Wellington
                                                                                (English) plus Dutch, Germans & Prussians.

346   7  1918 1921  N French          I Murmansk & Karelia, Archangel, N SU A
                                                                                From F. Anti-Bolshevik forces from the
                                                                                Entente fleet, via Barents & White Seas.

346  15  1918 1921  A French          I Odessa & Simferopol, on Black Sea   N
                                        coast, S SU
                                                                                Entente fleet attack on towns controlled
                                                                                by Bolsheviks since 1917.

151   3  1945 1970  N French          I CH                                  Q
                                                                                From F. 0.82 percent of population. Guest
                                                                                workers.

181   7  -200 500   A Frisians        G N NL                                L

 12 110   500 650   A Frisians        G Betw. Ems R & Weser R               E
                                                                                From Frisia. Area vacated by Saxons who
                                                                                went to Britain. End date taken from (11-
                                                                                140).

 11 142   500 #     A Frisians        G East Anglia (England)               S
                                                                                From Frisia.

900 467   500 850   A Frisians        G {N NL} + {Betw. Ems R & Weser R.}   L
                                        *{181-7} + {12-110}*
                                                                                Acc/to (181-7) & (12-110).

 11 141   850 #     A Frisians        G Betw. Elbe R & Eider R              E
                                                                                From N NL + Betw. Ems R & Weser R. *{900-
                                                                                467}*

234 175   855 #     N Frisians        G Novgorod (SU)                       S
                                                                                From Frisia.

386   2 -1200 -700  N Funerary Urns   U Bohemia, CS & E Bavaria, D, see     L
                                        map 16a (2a-e); "Archeologicky
                                        Atlas Evropy A Ceskoslovenska."
                                                                                End date acc/to (387-2). Full culture
                                                                                name: "Bohemian & E. Bavarian Funerary
                                                                                Urn." Several group included within this
                                                                                culture. Not clear how this relates to
                                                                                Funerary Urn of (234-15).

234  15  -500 500   A Funerary Urns   U N Podolia, Volhynia                 L
                                                                                Author speculates whether these could be
                                                                                the Neuri of Herodotus whom he considers
                                                                                as proto-Slavs, although other sources
                                                                                consider them as early Balts. Not clear
                                                                                how this relates to Funerary urns of (386-
                                                                                2).

143  14  -750 -50   A Gabali          K Lozere, F                           L

143  40  -222 #     N Gaesates        K Clastidium (modern Casteggio), S    A
                                        of Po R, I
                                                                                From B.

900 424  1600 1800  A Gagauz          T BG                                  L
                                                                                Origins in dispute. Three theories: (1)
                                                                                Migration of Seldjuks from AM. Acc/to ref
                                                                                (236-24), (236-25) citing Wittek. (2)
                                                                                Descendants of Cumans who came to the
                                                                                Balkans. Acc/to ref 229 and (123-31). (3)
                                                                                Turkicized Bulgarians who retained
                                                                                their orthodox religion. Acc/to ref 229.

900 425  1800 1900  A Gagauz          T Dobrugea, Moldavian SSR & adjacent  Q
                                        areas of the Ukraine (Bessarabia).
                                                                                From BG. *{900-424}* 5K remained behind
                                                                                acc/to ref 229.

900 426  1800 1970  N Gagauz          T {Dobrugea, Moldavian SSR &          L
                                        adjacent areas of the Ukraine
                                        (Bessarabia).} *{900-425}*
                                                                                173K persons acc/to ref 229.

128  29  -279 #     N Galatians       K Galatia, AM (see Putzger p.16)      M
                                                                                From Balkans. 20K of whom 10K were armed
                                                                                (ref 143, p. 37).

900 986  -279 1     N Galatians       K {Galatia, AM (see Putzger p.16)}    L
                                        *{128-29}*
                                                                                Start date to conform to (128-29). End
                                                                                date conservative bound after conquest by
                                                                                Romans (25 BC). Ref 128 mentions St.
                                                                                Hieronymos who reports Celtic still spoken
                                                                                in Galatia in the 4th c. AD.

 11   7  -230 #     N Galatians       K Olbia Modern Nikolayev, SU nr       A
                                        mouth of Dnepr R.
                                                                                From Thrace. These may not be Galatians
                                                                                proper but may be a synonym for Gauls or
                                                                                Celts.

210  10     1 900   A Galindians      B W part of Muscovy, SW part of       L
                                        Tver, (both principalities in
                                        Russia) districts of Rzhev &
                                        Zubtsov, E part of Smolensk.

363   8   300 400   A Galindians      B NE PL betw Pasteka & Nemunas RR &   L
                                        N of Pisa R; and area W of Moscow,
                                        along Protva R betw where Protva &
                                        Moskva RR meet & Aleksin & Kaluga,
                                        W SU.
                                                                                Note to digitizers: If this is within the
                                                                                area of (210-10), then this record can be
                                                                                deleted. If not then retain with no
                                                                                overlap and set date from 300 to 400.
                                                                                *(Note from CK: No overlap; original dates
                                                                                * *of 350, # now set to 300, 400.)
                                                                                *

364  14   400 1000  A Galindians      B Lake(Jazero) Shiardwy area, NE PL   L

210  11   900 1100  A Galindians      B W part of Muscovy, SW part of       I
                                        Tver, (both principalities in
                                        Russia) districts of Rzhev &
                                        Zubtsov, E part of Smolensk.
                                                                                By Russians.

900 109  1000 1150  A Galindians      B S of Smolensk, Moscow & Kaluga      L
                                        (see fig 50, xeroxed).
                                                                                Acc/to (38-20).

192  15     1 843   N Gallo-Romans    I S CH (modern Savoy) (ancient name:  L
                                        Sapaudia) & parts of E. F
                                                                                Start date to conform to (27-120) (ca 100
                                                                                years following advent of Romans); end
                                                                                date start of West Frankish Kingdom
                                                                                (Ploetz p. 348). Succeeded by French.

192  17     1 843   N Gallo-Romans    I SE F: Durance(Lugdunensis I, RP)    L
                                                                                Start date to conform to (27-120) (ca 100
                                                                                years following advent of Romans); end
                                                                                date start of West Frankish Kingdom
                                                                                (Ploetz p. 348). Succeeded by French.

 17  50    50 843   N Gallo-Romans    I Area on Map III described as        L
                                        between Loire & Seine RR & N of
                                        Seine R, middle & lower V of Oise
                                        & Marne RR. (i.e.2nd Lyonnaise,
                                        major part of 3rd Lyonnaise & 4th
                                        Lyonnaise and S part of 2nd
                                        Belgium. These are RPP. See Map
                                        II).
                                                                                Start date approximately 100 years
                                                                                following conquest by Julius Caesar; end
                                                                                date start of West Frankish Kingdom
                                                                                (Ploetz p. 348). Succeeded by French.

190  16   100 290   N Gallo-Romans    I Agri Decumates (Dekumatland) see    L
                                        Abb. 69.
                                                                                Start date to conform to (901-42); end
                                                                                date to conform to (193-3). Part of pop.
                                                                                left in 259; remainder expelled or
                                                                                assimilated by invading Germanic tribes.

 27  18  -800 -700  A Garumni         K Upper Garonne R                     L
                                                                                Possibly Celticized. Pyreneans who were
                                                                                not amalgamated until the 5th c. BC.

382  14 -2200 -1900 N Gaudo           U S I, see map 12a (11 and 13);       L
                                        "Archeologicky Atlas Evropy A
                                        Ceskoslovenska."
                                                                                Culture. Note that Gaudo also found in
                                                                                area labelled as Lateriya (382-16).

131   9 -1200 -1100 A Gava            U H E of Tisza R, & Transilvania      M
                                        (ROM), map 16a(7);"Archeologicky
                                        Atlas Evropy A Ceskoslovenska."
                                                                                Culture. From Voivodina (Batshka & Banat).

386   6 -1200 -800  N Gava            U {H E of Tisza R, & Transilvania     L
                                        (ROM), map 16a(7);"Archeologicky
                                        Atlas Evropy A Ceskoslovenska."}
                                        *{131-9}*
                                                                                Culture. End date given by text at (131-
                                                                                9). Continued by record (387-9).

387   9  -800 -700  N Gava            U H, ROM, Ukraine,betw Dnestr &       L
                                        Tisza RR, see map 17a (9a-c);
                                        "Archeologicky Atlas Evropy A
                                        Ceskoslovenska."
                                                                                Culture. Expanded over previous record
                                                                                (386-6) but no evidence of migration.

 12   1   175 250   A Gepidae         G Vistula-Nogat Delta                 L
                                                                                Start date to conform to (1-9). End date
                                                                                acc/to ref 12. Originated from remnants of