REF REC START END GENS L LOCATION A COMMENTS
221 7 -1200 -800 A Tabalians A Area S of Halys R up to Taurus Mts. L
These were older Luvians that had survived
the Hittite collapse.
12 9 248 377 N Taifali G Dacia area of Banat & Lesser L
Valachia.
Not a numerous people. Not explicit where
they came from. May have arrived with
Visigoths. End date acc/to (12-12).
12 10 332 # N Taifali G Greater Phrygia R
From Dacia area of Banat & Lesser
Valachia. *{12-9}* Romans resettled part
of vanquished Taifali.
12 11 370 # A Taifali G Dacia & Thrace A
From Dacia area of Banat & Lesser
Valachia. *{12-9}* With W. Goths.
12 13 377 # N Taifali G I: Mutina (Modena), Regium R
(Reggio), Parma.
From Dacia area of Banat & Lesser
Valachia. *{12-9}*
230 18 -800 -200 A Tartessians U Guadalquivir RV, E L
End date acc/to (53-1). These are Iberians.
27 19 -800 -700 A Tarusconenses K Tarascon in Ariege, F L
Possibly Celticized Pyreneans, not
amalgamated until 5 C BC.
229 11 1325 1525 A Tatars T Byelorussia: Hrodno, Minsk, Troki S
(modern Trakai), Vilna.
From E Russia (Muscovite Empire). *{32-60}*
229 12 1325 1550 A Tatars T Byelorussia: Hrodno, Minsk, Troki I
(modern Trakai), Vilna; PL:
Bialystok.
By Slavs. By then were Slavic Speakers.
Start date for consistency with (32-59).
174 5 1350 # A Tatars T E BG Q
From E Russia (Muscovite Empire). *{32-
60}* As frontier guards.
213 17 1450 1970 N Tatars T Tatar ASSR & scattered in SU (Area L
outlined on map, p.56 of ref 229.)
5000-10000K people. The population figures
from this book (a generally more detailed
reference than 212) have been updated from
1970 census. Figures obtained from the
Encyclopedia Brittanica. (See also
information in record (229-1).)
900 369 1550 1970 A Tatars S {Byelorussia: Hrodno, Minsk, Troki L
(modern Trakai), Vilna; PL:
Bialystok.} *{229-12}*
Slavicized, but still Islamic. Major
emigrations to Ottoman lands in 17th &
18th centuries (acc/to ref 229, p.86).
229 13 1600 1800 A Tatars S Ottoman Empire Q
Many left from Byelorussia (Hrodno, Minsk,
Troki (modern Trakai), Vilna) & PL
(Bialystok) because of persecutions. *{900-
369}*
47 39 -1050 -1000 A Taulantii Y Epidamnos (Durres) & Mati RV (N M
Albania).
From the North.
900 324 -1050 -300 A Taulantii Y {Epidamnos (Durres) & Mati RV (N L
Albania).} *{47-39}*
Acc/to (47-57), (47-71), (165-7). Although
Liburni occupied area from 900 to 626 BC
the Taulantii seem to have remained. End
date inferred from various citations in
the chronology of ref 165.
234 37 -350 -200 A Tauri U Crimea (ancient Taurida) L
Indigenous (pre-Indoeuropean?) tribe.
Become Tauro-Scythae.
40 74 -250 1 N Taurisci K Noricum RP L
Dates conservative bounds. Start date to
conform to (165-81), end date conservative
guess based on this record.
165 79 -225 # N Taurisci K Telamon (modern Talamone) A
(Tuscany, I)
From Alps. (Ref says from Gaul.
Unsubstantiated.) Part of tribe
annihilated by Romans.(Syn. Teurisci.)
165 81 -225 # A Taurisci K Area from L Balaton to SW Pannonia Q
RP
From Noricum (later RP). Part of tribe.
110 31 -225 200 A Taurisci K {Area from L Balaton to SW L
Pannonia RP} *{165-81}*
Start date for consistency with (165-81).
End date from this record.
132 12 -100 # A Taurisci K NE tip of N H, see map Q
From Pannonia RP *{110-31}*
234 38 -200 -100 A Tauro-Scythae U Crimea (ancient Taurida) L
Formed by the amalgamation of Scythians &
Tauri. (See records 234-36, 234-37).
169 11 -1000 -1 A Tavasts F SF L
900 120 -1 1000 A Tavasts F {SF} - {W Lake District in T
interior SF, Kokemaeki & Kymi RR
drainage systems.} *{169-11} -
{202-10}*
For consistency with (202-10). (Syn.
Haemaelaeiset). To W Lake District in
interior SF, Kokemaeki & Kymi RR drainage
systems. *{202-10}*
202 10 -1 # A Tavasts F W Lake District in interior SF, L
Kokemaeki & Kymi RR drainage
systems.
(Syn. Haemaelaeiset).
173 21 -1800 -1200 A Tei U Valachia E of Olt R, ROM L
Culture. Late Tei Culture is also included
in record (385-15), Coslogeni.
131 6 -1700 -1400 A Tell Culture U E H (see 131, p. 16, Fig.3, shades L
3a-3c)
Culture comprised of Perjamos,
Fuezesabony, & Gyulavarsand cultures.
12 194 -100 -58 A Tencteri G Modern Upper Hesse, N of Main R L
End date to conform to (12-189).
12 189 -58 -55 N Tencteri G Area N of Lippe R M
From modern Upper Hesse, N of Main R .
*{12-194}* Acc/to (187-7), had been
displaced by Suebi from their ancestral
homes in 58 BC, almost wiped out
subsequently by Caesar while looking for
land.
900 571 -58 70 N Tencteri G {Area N. of Lippe R} *{12-189}* L
Start date acc/to (12-189). End date
acc/to (9-28). Suffered heavy losses at
hands of Romans in 55 BC. Merged with
Tubanti whose name they assumed. Became
part of Franks later.
39 42 -500 -460 A Terizoi P SE of rt bk Athrys R (modern L
Jantra) to Chora R (of the
Odessites). (ref 40, fig 4)
Subjugated by the Odrysae (by 460 BC).
47 22 -1250 -1200 A Teucri U Thrace, Pelagonia to Ionian Sea as C
far S as Peneus R (in NW
Peloponnese)
From AM. (Herodotus' term for Trojans.)
369 9 200 300 A Teuriochaemae K Thueringerwald region, betw Saale L
& Werra RR, SW DDR.
At time of Roman Empire at greatest
extent; Munch thinks they are synonymous
with Teurii & Taurisci.
12 62 -250 -113 A Teutones G Schleswig-Holstein L
End date acc/to (12-65).
12 65 -120 # A Teutones G Bohemia up Elbe R to Saxony, A
crossed Ore Mts. into Bohemia.
Cimbri, Teutones, Ambrones travelled in
concert for a long time. They left
Schleswig-Holstein and surrounding areas
because of presumed catastrophic tidal
floods in the 2nd C BC. They are repulsed
by Boii in Bohemia.
12 69 -114 # A Teutones G Bosnia & Serbia along lower Save R A
up to Morava R.
From Schleswig-Holstein.
900 471 -113 -102 N Teutones G {S.W.D., land of the Helvetii, + W
Noricum, Gaul. (See ref 182, Abb
51.)} *{900-469}*
From Schleswig-Holstein via Bohemia & Save-
Drave area.
900 472 -105 -102 N Teutones G {RP Belgica} *{182-23}* A
From S.W.D., land of the Helvetii, +
Noricum, Gaul. (See ref 182, Abb 51.)
*{900-471}*
11 13 -102 # N Teutones G Aix-en-Provence (F) A
From S.W.D., land of the Helvetii +
Noricum, Gaul. (See ref 182, Abb 51.).
*{900-471}*
386 35 -1200 -950 N Textile Ceramic U N SU from Estonia to Vologda & L
Moscow, see map 16a (38);
"Archeologicky Atlas Evropy A
Ceskoslovenska."
Culture. End date interpolated between
this record and (387-40).
387 40 -950 -700 N Textile Ceramic U Betw L Ladoga & Unza R, SU, see L
map 17a (38); "Archeologicky Atlas
Evropy A Ceskoslovenska."
Start date interpolated between this
record and (386-25). Culture.
388 42 -700 -150 N Textile Ceramic U N SU & SE SF, S of White Sea & N L
of Moscow, see ,map 18a (41)
"Archeologicky Atlas Evropy A
Ceskoslovenska."
Culture. End date to conform to (389-25).
353 5 1 100 A Texuandri G SE NL, due W of Geldern, D L
Possibly synonymous with Batavi.
385 37 -1400 -1300 N Thapsos U Sicily, see map 15a (32); L
"Archeologicky Atlas Evropy A
Ceskoslovenska."
Culture.
39 2 -1650 # A Thracians P SE Balkans (mostly BG) M
From E Balkans, Carpathians (mostly ROM
and Moldavian SSR, acc/to (387-8).) *{900-
253}* Now called Thracians after they
leave (900-253).
900 289 -1650 -800 A Thracians P {SE Balkans (mostly BG)} *{39-2}* L
Acc/to (39-2).
128 4 -1400 # A Thracians P GR A
From SE Balkans (mostly BG). *{900-289}*
900 290 -1300 # A Thracians P {Pieria} *{47-55}* S
Inferred from (47-55). From SE Balkans
(mostly BG). *{900-289}*
47 55 -1300 -650 A Thracians P Pieria L
900 292 -1200 -800 A Thracians P {E Balkans, Carpathians (mostly L
ROM and Moldavian SSR, acc/to (387-
8).)} *{900-253}*
Acc/to (173-24), (173-25).
900 291 -800 # A Thracians P Thracian Chersones (modern E
Gallipoli or Gelibolu Peninsula.)
Inferred from (39-22). From SE Balkans
(mostly BG). *{900-289}*
900 294 -800 # A Thracians P Enclave up to Axius R in W, incl E
Crestonia in N, Crousis (Crusis)
in S, Sithonia (in Chalcidice)
(for these areas see Putzger Atlas
map 7/8).
Inferred from (47-83). From SE Balkans
(mostly BG). *{900-289}*
123 14 -800 -1 A Thracians P Greek Cities S
Small steady migrations of traders &
slaves became hellenized. Since this is
for many cities, it is difficult to code
until the locality consistency check. Time
is probably later than 800 BC. From SE
Balkans (mostly BG). *{900-289}*
900 293 -800 500 A Thracians P {E Balkans, Carpathians (mostly L
ROM and Moldavian SSR, acc/to (387-
8).)} + {SE Balkans (mostly BG)} +
{Thracian Chersones (modern
Gallipoli or Gelibolu Peninsula.)}
+ {Enclave up to Axius R in W,
incl Crestonia in N, Crousis
(Crusis)
in S, Sithonia (in Chalcidice) Acc/to (39-22), (47-83), (173-24), (173-
(for these areas see Putzger Atlas 25), (39-2).
map 7/8).} *{900-292} + {900-289}*
* + {900-291} + {900-294}*
40 32 -600 # A Thracians P Abdera on Thracian coast E of C
Nestos R.
From E Balkans, Carpathians (mostly ROM
and Moldavian SSR, acc/to (387-8).) + SE
Balkans (mostly BG) + Thracian Chersones
(modern Gallipoli or Gelibolu Peninsula.)
+ Enclave up to Axius R in W, incl
Crestonia in N, Crousis (Crusis) in
S, Sithonia in Chalcidice) (for these
areas see Putzger Atlas map 7/8). *{900-
293}*
110 54 180 305 A Thracians P Aquincum in Pannonia RP S
From Thrace.
114 12 500 1000 A Thracians P Macedonia (YU, GR) I
Merged with Macedonian Slavs.
900 296 500 600 A Thracians P Serbia L
To accomodate (114-34).
900 297 500 700 A Thracians P BG L
To accomodate (114-5).
114 34 600 800 N Thracians P {Serbia} *{900-296}* I
By Serbs.
114 5 700 1000 A Thracians P {BG} *{900-297}* I
By Bulgarian Slavs.
388 6 -700 -600 N Thuringian U Betw Elbe & Weser RR, S DDR, see L
map 18a (6); "Archeologicky Atlas
Evropy A Ceskoslovenska."
Culture.
12 175 400 # A Thuringians G NL Q
From Mid Elbe R, Saale R area & N of
Danube R. Thuringians' area greater than
modern Thuringia. Limits: In S, N of
Danube R. In Main R area betw Thuringian
Forest & Wuerzburg borders area of the
Alamanni. In NE up to Elbe R & in N up
to Ohre R & Kolbitz-Letzlinger Heide
(heath). Toward W & NW border is
indefinite. *{195-3}* Some Thuringians
were moved to NL under Roman auspices.
Date set at 400 AD to conform to name
change from Hermunduri to Thuringians.
195 3 400 451 A Thuringians G Mid Elbe R, Saale R area & N of L
Danube R. Thuringians' area
greater than modern Thuringia.
Limits: In S, N of Danube R. In
Main R area betw Thuringian Forest
& Wuerzburg borders area of the
Alamanni. In NE up to Elbe R & in
N up to Ohre
R & Kolbitz-Letzlinger Heide End date to conform to (12-172). Believed
(heath). Toward W & NW border is to be direct descendants of Hermunduri.
indefinite. Name changed around 400 AD.
12 172 451 # N Thuringians G Thuringia In S they settle along E
Naab & Regen RR, pushing aside the
Naristi who lived there then. In
the N they expanded across the
Harz up to Oker and Ohre RR and
absorbed rests of Cherusci &
Harudi.
Former N. Hermunduri. From Mid Elbe R,
Saale R area & N of Danube R. Thuringians'
area greater than modern Thuringia.
Limits: In S, N of Danube R. In Main R
area betw Thuringian Forest & Wuerzburg
borders area of the Alamanni. In NE
up to Elbe R & in N up to Ohre R & Kolbitz-
Letzlinger Heide (heath). Toward W & NW
border is indefinite. *{195-3}*
900 523 451 500 A Thuringians G {Thuringia In S they settle along L
Naab & Regen RR, pushing aside the
Naristi who lived there then. In
the N they expanded across the
Harz up to Oker and Ohre RR and
absorbed rests of Cherusci &
Harudi.} *{12-172}*
To conform with (12-172) & (12-173).
195 1 480 # N Thuringians G Passau (D) A
From Thuringia. (In S they settle along
Naab & Regen RR, pushing aside the Naristi
who lived there then. In the N they
expanded across the Harz up to Oker and
Ohre RR and absorbed rests of Cherusci &
Harudi.) *{12-172}*
12 173 500 # A Thuringians G Land betw Werra R, the Thuringian E
Forest, Mulde, Elbe, Ohre, Aller,
Oker RR, and the Kaufunger and
Seulings forests.
From Thuringia. (In S they settle along
Naab & Regen RR, pushing aside the Naristi
who lived there then. In the N they
expanded across the Harz up to Oker and
Ohre RR and absorbed rests of Cherusci &
Harudi.) *{12-172}*
900 524 500 750 A Thuringians G {Land betw Werra R, the Thuringian L
Forest, Mulde, Elbe, Ohre, Aller,
Oker RR, and the Kaufunger and
Seulings forests.} *{12-173}*
To conform with (12-173). End date acc/to
(357-5).
119 10 -700 # A Thynians P NW AM (N of Nicomedia) S
From area S of Gulf of Burgas. *{119-9}*
Acc/to this ref they were the rest of the
emigrated Bithynians; considered by the
author as a numerous advance guard that
crossed over into AM (together with the
Bithynians?).
119 9 -700 -650 A Thynians P S of Gulf of Burgas L
Acc/to this ref they were the rest of the
emigrated Bithynians.
355 10 -100 1 N Tigurini K L Neuchatel area, CH L
A Helvetian tribe according to Geipel.
900 295 -441 -342 N Tilatei P Along Isker R. (BG, fig ref 40) L
Acc/to (46-3); see also comment of (40-48).
37 4 -2000 -1800 A Timbergrave R Don to Ural RR (see fig 351, L
xerox).
Proto-Scythians.
900 226 -1800 # A Timbergrave R Area west of Don to Ural RR (see E
fig 351, xerox). *{37-4}*
From Don to Ural RR (see fig 351, xerox).
*{37-4}* Proto-Scythians acc/to ref 37.
900 227 -1800 -750 A Timbergrave R {Don to Ural RR (see fig 351, L
xerox).} + {Area west of Don to
Ural RR (see fig 351, xerox).}
*{37-4} + {900-226}*
Proto-Scythians acc/to ref 37. We extend
termination date from -1100 (ref 37) to -
750 to link up with the appearance of
Scythians proper. If we should find other
gentes occupying this area between -1100
and -750, we need to adjust this
time.
38 11 -1100 # A Timbergrave R Black Sea coasts E
They were Proto-Scythians. From lower
Volga steppes (part of (900-227)). *{900-
227}*
230 11 -800 -500 A Titi U S of present Basque region of E, W L
of Urgel Plain in Ebro RV.
These are Celtiberians.
900 753 600 1400 A Tiverce S S Bessarabia betw Prut and Dnestr L
RR.
Acc/to (301-10), (234-154), (169-85), etc.
Part of Antes.
143 16 -750 -50 A Tolosati K Toulouse L
Possibly Celticized. Pyreneans who were
not amalgamated until the 5th c. BC.
388 28 -700 -600 N Tombe a Fossa U Appenine Mts, C & S I, see map 18a L
(27); "Archeologicky Atlas Evropy
A Ceskoslovenska."
Syn. "Ditch Grave" culture.
900 352 1300 1970 A Tosks Y S Albania (S of Shkumbi R up to L
Aous R; see map 14 in Hammond).
Acc/to N. Hammond: Migrations & invasions
in Greece and adjacent areas, p.63. Also
to conform to (176-11).
371 4 900 1000 N Trebovane S W bank Odra R around Wroclaw L
(Breslau) & W to around Bobr R, SW
PL.
Will become part of Poles.
40 16 -700 # A Treri P Bosporus, AM via Balkans A
From area along Isker R (Iskar R, BG). (It
is in Rand McNally but not in index
(tributary of Danube).) *{900-280}* With
Cimmerians (ref (40-15)).
40 21 -700 -650 A Treri P Kyzikos, Chalcedon, Sinope, A
Trapezunt (Trapezus) & other
Ionian cities of (N) AM.
From area along Isker R (Iskar R, BG). (It
is in Rand McNally but not in index
(tributary of Danube).) *{900-280}* With
Cimmerians (ref (40-20)).
900 280 -700 -429 A Treri P Along Isker R (Iskar R, BG) (It is L
in Rand McNally but not in index
(tributary of Danube).)
End date acc/to (46-2). Start date
inferred from (40-16).
224 25 -630 # A Treri P W AM at Sardis nr Izmir A
From Balkans?
900 981 -750 100 A Treveri K Ardennes (B), Moselle RV L
Start date acc/to (143-23). These are
Urnfield people hypothesized by Posch-
Gimperato to be the early Treveri. End
date acc/to (353-20). Considered
Germanized Celts by some, Celticized
Germanics by others (e.g. (183-7), (184-
2)).
900 283 -500 -375 A Triballi P {Betw Isker (Iskar) & Velika L
Morava RR}, but also lower portion
of Southern (Juz.) Morava R. (See
ref 117, map p.132.) *{See {117-
3}, area in bracket.}*
Acc/to (117-2) and (46-1).
46 4 -376 -375 N Triballi P Abdera (Thracian coast) A
From area betw Isker (Iskar) & Velika
Morava RR, but also lower portion of
Southern (Juz.) Morava R. (See ref 117,
map p.132.) *{900-283}* 30K warriors.
40 52 -376 # N Triballi P Hinterlands of Abdera & Maroneia S
(modern Maronia, S of Komotini)
Pushed by Illyrians; settled there after
unsuccessful attack on Abdera. End date
not given. From BG portion of {900-283}.
This is roughly between Struma and Iskar
RR. *{900-284}*
900 285 -376 -300 A Triballi P {Hinterlands of Abdera & Maroneia L
(modern Maronia, S of Komotini)}
*{40-52}*
Pushed by Illyrians; settled there after
unsuccessful attack on Abdera. End date
not given. (See ref (40-52).)
900 284 -375 -100 A Triballi P BG portion of {900-283}. This is L
roughly between Struma and Iskar
RR.
Acc/to (27-84) and (23-19). Pushed into
this smaller region by Autariatae who
themselves were pushed by Celts.
46 5 -339 -335 N Triballi P Macedonia A
From BG portion of {900-283}. This is
roughly between Struma and Iskar RR. *{900-
284}*
46 8 -100 -30 N Triballi P Betw lower S Morava & Isker RR I
By mixture of Y, K, P, I in area.
12 131 -70 -1 A Triboci G Nr Stuttgart L
End date to agree with (12-143).
900 602 -61 # N Triboci G {Nr Strassbourg} *{12-135}* Q
From area nr Stuttgart. *{12-131}* For
consistency with (12-135).
12 135 -61 100 N Triboci G Nr Strassbourg L
End date acc/to (353-17).
46 33 1 200 A Triconenses K NW Upper Moesia RP (Sopot, Ritopek) L
May be a subgroup of the Scordisci.
234 1 -2500 -1800 A Tripolye U Middle Dnepr R area in Ukraine L
Culture.
382 6 -2200 -1700 N Troy U NW AM and Thrace, see map 12a (2); L
"Archeologicky Atlas Evropy A
Ceskoslovenska."
End date acc/to (383-4). Culture comprises
Troy V & VI.
384 3 -1700 -1250 N Troy U W AM and Thrace, see map 14a (1b); L
"Archeologicky Atlas Evropy A
Ceskoslovenska."
This is the Troy VI Culture. Start date
for consistency with (382-6); end date
acc/to (385-3) and for consistency with
(386-14). This appears to be an expansion
of area in (382-6). We are not certain
this is correct.
386 14 -1250 -1100 N Troy U NW AM, Thrace & W coast Black Sea, L
see map 16a (13); "Archeologicky
Atlas Evropy A Ceskoslovenska."
This is the Troy VII culture. Start date
for consistency with (384-3). This appears
to be a relocation of (384-3). We are not
certain this is correct.
13 5 -1650 -1200 A Trzciniec U E of Oder R between right L
tributaries of Oder R & middle
course of Dnepr R (see Fig. 3, p.
35)
Culture. Start date acc/to (384-25).
Derived from Corded Pottery Ceramics. Gave
rise to Belogrudov culture.
386 32 -1200 -1100 N Trzciniec U S & E Belorussia and N Ukraine, L
see map 16a (33); "Archeologicky
Atlas Evropy A Ceskoslovenska."
This culture includes Sosnick group. This
is a smaller area than earlier (13-5).
12 197 -55 # N Tubanti G Area N of Lippe R M
Joined Usipii & Tencteri (unknown from
where), the offshoot of one of whom they
may have been originally. Thereafter the 3
tribes are known as Tubanti. Estimate of
430K souls must be a great exaggeration.
900 573 -55 400 A Tubanti G {Area N of Lippe R} *{12-197}* L
Start date acc/to (12-197), end date
acc/to (12-198). Merged with Tencteri &
Usipii. Later became Franks.
112 6 -2100 -1300 A Tumulus U W Serbia, Glasinac, Herzegovina, L
Montenegro & Dalmatia.
139 14 -1750 -1300 A Tumulus U Danubian area (C Europe) L
& Urnfield.
353 6 1 100 N Tungri G Area E of Brussels, B L
Germanic speakers according to Geipel.
Successors of Eburoni.
383 42 -1800 -1550 N Turbino U Area around Perm, SU, see map 13a L
(38); "Archeologicky Atlas Evropy
A Ceskoslovenska."
Culture. End date acc/to (384-36).
385 27 -1400 -1300 N Turbino-Sejmin U Area betw Vologdar Perm, C SU,see L
map 15a (23); "Archeologicky Atlas
Evropy A Ceskoslovenska."
Culture.
32 6 -300 -250 A Turcics T N & E of Altai Mts L
234 72 572 # N Turcics T N Caucasian area C
From Turkestan.
900 410 572 700 A Turcics T {N Caucasian area} *{234-72}* L
For consistency with (234-72). End date is
guess only.
234 73 576 # N Turcics T Crimea A
From N Caucasian area. *{234-72}*
230 19 -800 50 A Turdetani U Guadalquivir RV, E L
End date acc/to (231-12). These are
Iberians.
231 13 -100 50 A Turduli U C & S Andalusia (E) L
These are Iberians.
236 5 1040 1100 A Turkmens T E provinces of Byzantine Empire (E Q
AM).
From C Asia.
900 415 1100 1300 A Turkmens T {E provinces of Byzantine Empire L
(E AM).} *{236-5}*
For consistency with (236-5). End date is
a guess.
900 427 1200 1300 N Turks T {AM (minus Cilicia)} *{130-8}* Q
Acc/to ref 130. From East. With Mongol
armies.
130 8 1200 1970 N Turks T AM (minus Cilicia) L
232 68 1307 1309 N Turks T Athens (Duchy of) GR Q
From AM. Several thousand Turks recruited
by Catalan freebooters.
149 44 1354 1365 N Turks T Gallipoli, Philippople (Plovdiv, C
BG), Adrianople (Edirne, TR).
From AM.
900 444 1354 1970 N Turks T Gallipoli, Adrianople (Edirne, L
TR). *2/3 of {149-44}*
For consistency with (149-44).
900 449 1354 1885 N Turks T Plovdiv (incl. all of E Rumelia) L
(see Putzger p. 97, map II). *1/3
of {149-44}*
Acc/to to Putzger p.97, map II.
51 142 1371 1430 N Turks T Macedonia C
End date acc/to (130-14). From AM.
900 445 1371 1913 N Turks T {Macedonia} *{51-142}* L
Acc/to to Putzger p.97, map II.
338 10 1389 # N Turks T Serbia C
From Macedonia + Gallipoli, Philippople
(Plovdiv, BG), Adrianople (Edirne, TR).
*{51-142} + {149-44}* Under Bayezid I,
reduced area to vassal status. No mention
of extent of Turks' presence. Not
including Belgrade.
900 446 1389 1817 N Turks T N Serbia (see Putzger p.97, map I.) L
Acc/to Putzger p.97, map I.
900 448 1389 1878 N Turks T S Serbia (see Putzger p.97, map I.) L
Acc/to Putzger p.97, map I.
338 11 1393 # N Turks T BG C
From Gallipoli, Philippople (Plovdiv, BG),
Adrianople (Edirne, TR). *{149-44}* Under
Bayezid I, absorbed this Medieval Slav
Kingdom into Ottoman Empire.
900 450 1393 1878 N Turks T BG (northern portion. See Putzger L
p.97, map I).
Acc/to to Putzger p.97, map I.
338 25 1396 # N Turks T Area around Nicopolis, N BG, NW of A
Varna.
From Gallipoli, Philippople (Plovdiv, BG),
Adrianople (Edirne, TR). *{149-44}* But
failed to take city in this Western
campaign. (Source of this comment is
unknown.)
338 26 1396 # A Turks T Area between Carpathian Mts & E C
coast R (Wallachia).
From BG. *{338-11}* Area became a vassal
state to Ottoman empire. No mention of
extent of Turkish presence.
900 451 1396 1829 N Turks T Wallachia L
Acc/to Ploetz p.828.
338 15 1413 1451 N Turks T Coastal GR (except for C
Peloponnese), coastal Albania E to
Elbasan, E across into S YU, & NE
to Nis, YU. (See map 1, p.139,
Times Atlas.)
From Gallipoli, Philippople (Plovdiv, BG),
Adrianople (Edirne, TR). *{149-44}*
Conquests & reconquests under Mehemmed I,
1413-1421, & Murad II, 1421-1451.
900 442 1413 1912 N Turks T Albania L
Area became independent (Ploetz).
900 443 1413 1830 N Turks T Coastal Greece L
Area became independent (Ploetz).
130 16 1453 # N Turks T Constantinople C
From Gallipoli, Philippople (Plovdiv, BG),
Adrianople (Edirne, TR). *{149-44}*
900 436 1453 # N Turks T Peloponnese (syn. Morea) C
Acc/to Encyclopaedia Brittanica 15th ed.
(Greece p.380). From European Turkey.
900 430 1453 1970 N Turks T {Constantinople} *{130-16}* L
For consistency with (130-16).
900 437 1453 1699 N Turks T {Peloponnese (syn. Morea)} *{900- L
436}*
Acc/to Encyclopaedia Brittanica 15th ed.
(Greece p.380).
338 27 1455 # A Turks T E Carpathian Mts to Crimea (Bogdan C
= Moldavia).
From area between Carpathian Mts & E coast
R (Wallachia). *{338-26}* The Khanate of
Crimea became a vassal state to Ottoman
empire in 1575. No mention of extent of
Turkish presence.
900 452 1455 1829 N Turks T Moldavia L
Acc/to Ploetz p.828.
338 18 1456 # N Turks T Belgrade, YU A
From Serbia (not including Belgrade).
*{338-10}* Under Mehemmed II, but failed
to take the city in this Western campaign.
149 51 1463 1501 N Turks T Coastal Dalmatia, Negroponte C
(Euboia), Kaffa and other places
around Straights of Kerc (Crimea),
Scutari (Shkoder, Alb.)
Naval conquests from European Turkey.
Taken from Venetians and Genoese (Kaffa).
338 17 1463 1480 A Turks T Bosnia, Herzegovina C
From Serbia. Under Mehemmed II, absorbed
this area back under Ottoman rule.
900 453 1463 1783 N Turks T Crimea L
Acc/to Ploetz, p.692. Annexed by Russia.
900 454 1463 1830 N Turks T Euboia L
Greek independence (Ploetz).
900 455 1463 1699 N Turks T Coastal Dalmatia L
Acc/to Columbia History of the World p.612.
900 456 1463 1878 N Turks T Bosnia-Herzegovina L
Acc/to Putzger p.97, map I. Occupied by
Austria-Hungary.
130 18 1474 # N Turks T Cilicia C
From AM (minus Cilicia). *{130-8}*
900 431 1474 1970 N Turks T {Cilicia} *{130-18}* L
For consistency with (130-18).
338 22 1484 # N Turks T Kilija (Danube delta), S SU & C
Akkerman, around present day
Belgorod Dnestrovskij, on Dnestr &
Black Sea.
From Moldavia. Along the land route from
Constantinople to the Crimea.
900 457 1484 1829 N Turks T {Kilija (Danube delta), S SU & L
Akkerman, around present day
Belgorod Dnestrovskij, on Dnestr &
Black Sea.} *{338-22}*
Acc/to Ploetz, p.1081. Taken over by
Russians.
342 18 1520 1566 A Turks T Transylvania C
From Wallachia & reduced area to vassal
status.
900 434 1520 1699 A Turks T {Transylvania} *{342-18}* L
For consistency with (342-18). End date
from Ploetz & Putzger. Area became
Austrian.
342 6 1521 # N Turks T Belgrade, YU C
From Serbia.
900 447 1521 1817 N Turks T Belgrade L
Acc/to Putzger p.97, map I.
342 10 1522 # N Turks T Rhodes C
From AM.
900 458 1522 1912 N Turks T {Rhodes} *{342-10}* L
Acc/to Putzger p.97, map II.
130 22 1526 # N Turks T H (includes Slavonija in N YU) C
From Serbia. Slavonija included acc/to
Putger.
900 433 1526 1699 N Turks T {H (includes Slavonija in N YU)} L
*{130-22}*
For consistency with (130-22). End date
from Ploetz & several other sources.
Conquered by Hapsburgs.
342 5 1529 # N Turks T Vienna, A A
From H. Ottoman siege.
342 9 1532 # N Turks T Guens (Koezeg), (H border w/A) A
From H. Ottoman siege.
342 8 1537 # N Turks T Corfu (W coast GR) N
From European Turkey. Ottoman siege.
342 13 1537 # N Turks T Otranto, SE I ('heel') N
From European Turkey. Ottoman campaign.
342 17 1538 # N Turks T Moldavia, via Adrianople, BG A
Silistria, R & Jassy, Moldavia.
From European Turkey.
342 20 1538 # N Turks T Bender, just N of Black Sea S SU C
From Wallachia.
342 12 1543 # N Turks T Reggio, SW I ('toe') N
From European Turkey. Ottoman siege.
342 14 1565 # N Turks T Malta N
From N Africa. Ottoman siege.
50 11 1569 # N Turks T Pontic area (N of Black Sea) up to A
Astrakhan.
From Crimea. 30K strong.
149 54 1571 # N Turks T Cyprus C
From AM.
900 432 1571 1878 N Turks T {Cyprus} *{149-54}* L
For consistency with (149-54). Turkish
Cypriots remained after end of Turkish
occupation in 1878. Britain occupied the
island at that time.
50 17 1645 1669 N Turks T Crete C
From AM. Took it from the Venetians.
900 459 1645 1898 N Turks T {Crete} *{50-17}* L
Became autonomous. (Putzger, p.97, map II)
50 19 1677 1680 N Turks T Ukraine (except for Crimea). A
From Balkans. 'Great Turkish armies'.
50 20 1677 1680 N Turks T Podolia (see map p.65, Putzger). C
From Balkans. 'Great Turkish armies'.
900 435 1677 1699 N Turks T {Podolia (see map p.65, Putzger).} L
*{50-20}*
For consistency with (50-20). End date
from Ploetz. Taken over by Poland.
344 5 1683 # N Turks T Vienna, A A
From H. Laid siege to Vienna in July,
1863. The citizens & garrison held out
long enough for Polish relief forces to
cross Danube & hilly countryside to the N
& W of Vienna.
900 440 1719 # N Turks T {Peloponnese (syn. Morea)} *{900- C
436}*
Acc/to Encyclopaedia Brittanica 15th ed.
(Greece p.380). From European Turkey.
900 441 1719 1830 N Turks T {Peloponnese (syn. Morea)} *{900- L
436}*
Acc/to Encyclopaedia Brittanica 15th ed.
(Greece p.382).
347 28 1913 1939 N Turks T TR R
110K Turks left from BG.
347 30 1913 1939 N Turks T TR R
80K Turks left from ROM.
347 24 1919 1924 A Turks T TR R
350K Turks left from NE GR.
347 36 1919 1924 A Turks T TR R
20K Turks left from YU.
900 428 1945 1970 N Turks T CH Q
Acc/to (151-8). 27K from TR. 0.19 percent
of CH population.
900 429 1945 1970 N Turks T W D Q
Acc/to (151-13). 469K from TR. 0.77
percent of population.
27 49 -800 -700 A Turoni K Thuringia L
Start date: guess. End date: to conform to
(27-57).
27 57 -700 -650 A Turoni K Touraine (F), Teruel (E) M
From Thuringia *{27-49}* Pushed out by
Germanic tribes. Main population in
Touraine, splinter group in Teruel
(location furnished by (53-18)).
53 18 -700 -600 A Turoni K Teruel (E) L
Dates are from this ref, but also to
conform to (27-57) and (27-124).
900 964 -700 -50 A Turoni K Touraine, F L
Start date to conform to (27-57). End date
(conservative) suggested by (356-2).
27 124 -600 -550 N Turoni K Castilian High Plains W
From Teruel (E) *{53-18}*
27 129 -550 -500 A Turoni K Castilian High Plains I
By Belgae.
367 5 -200 -100 A Tyritae U Area just inland from Black Sea, L
betw Dnestr & Kogil'nik RR, S
Moldavia, SU.
Probably Iranian speakers (source?).
26 4 -2400 -1900 A Tyrrhenian U Castelluccio (SE Sicily) L
Culture. From East by way of sea, Aegaean
influence. Dates need confirmation. They
are only implicit.
355 6 -100 1 N Uberi U Berner Alps area, near Brig, on L
Rhone R, CH.
Probably Celtic tribe.
12 207 -100 -58 A Ubii G Betw Rhine & Main RR & Westerwald L
(S neighbors of Sugambri)
End date for consistency with (12-208).
12 208 -58 # N Ubii G Area of Eburoni N border area of R
the Cuberni nr Xanthen, S border
along Vinxtbach (the border
between upper & lower D), W border
cities of Zuelpich & Dueren, E
border the Rhine (including city
of Cologne).
From area betw Rhine & Main RR &
Westerwald (S neighbors of Sugambri). *{12-
207}* Resettled by Romans because Suebi
attacked Ubii. The Ubii became Romanized
quite early.
900 588 -58 100 A Ubii G {Area of Eburoni N border area of L
the Cuberni nr Xanthen, S border
along Vinxtbach (the border
between upper & lower D), W border
cities of Zuelpich & Dueren, E
border the Rhine (including city
of Cologne).} *{12-208}*
Start date acc/to (12-208). End date
approximate. The Ubii became romanized
early, partly as a result of the founding
of a Roman veteran's colony (Colonia
Agrippinensium, the modern Cologne) in
their territory in 48 AD. Ref 12 says they
later joined Franks who treated them as
slaves.
169 31 500 1970 A Udmurts F Udmurtian ASSR; also adjacent L
areas of Bashkiria, Perm,Kirov
(see Fig 11).
Start date: guess to correspond with other
Finnic tribes. End date: still there.
Udmurtian ASSR (476 K), Bashkiria (25 K),
Perm (28 K), Kirov (50 K). Syn. Votyaks.
234 107 400 500 A Ugrians C N Caucasian area Q
From along Kama & Belaya RR modern area of
Bashkiria. *{127-5}* Described as Ural and
trans-Ural regions.
900 411 450 # A Uguri T {Volga R Steppes} *{11-36}* M
For consistency with (11-36). From Ural R
Steppes. *{11-35}*
11 35 450 500 A Uguri T Ural R Steppes L
Start date questionable.
11 36 450 750 A Uguri T Volga R Steppes L
For consistency with (11-39).
11 37 600 # A Uguri T Balkans A
From Volga R Steppes. *{11-36}*
11 38 680 # A Uguri T BG Q
From Volga R Steppes. To contribute to
formation of Bulgars.
11 39 750 800 A Uguri T Volga R Steppes I
Some contributed to formation of Magyars.
213 1 1400 1970 N Ukrainians S Ukraine L
Start date: to connect with various E.
Slavic tribes in the area. End date: still
there. In 1970, 40753K people. The
population figures from this book (a
generally more detailed reference than
212) have been updated from 1970 census.
Figures obtained from the Encyclopedia
Brittanica.
341 6 1560 1700 A Ukrainians S Forest-steppe zone (see wooded Q
steppe, ref 328)
From PL.
50 21 1672 1681 N Ukrainians S E of Dnepr R Q
From Podolia (betw U Dnestr & Juzhny Bug
RR). Many, fleeing from Turks.
169 77 1800 1900 A Ukrainians S Novorossja (S steppes N of Crimea) Q
From Ukrainian heartland (Kiev, Cernigov,
Poltava).
900 754 700 1300 A Ulice S N Bessarabia & S Podolia, betw L
Dnestr & Prut RR.
Acc/to (169-72), (169-84), (147-2), (234-
153). Part of Antes. Evidence on location
is ambiguous. Refs (301-9) & (13-57) place
them betw Juzhni Bug & Dnepr RR. (Syn:
Ulichi, Uluchi, Uglichi, Ulutichi,
Liutichi, Luchane.)
26 31 -800 -500 A Umbri I C I, Map page 359 (for better map L
see ref 164 map 3)
Part of Umbri-Sabelli. End date acc/to
(320-7).
164 4 -1000 -800 A Umbri-Sabelli I C & S I exc Apulia (See Map 1) L
Spelled Ombri in ref. They split up into
Umbri and Sabelli by 800 BC, which gives
rise to end date.
383 15 -1800 -1675 N Unetice U Elbe R, Oder R, and Morava (March) L
R areas (E A), S CS, D, & PL, see
map 13a(13); "Archeologicky Atlas
Evropy A Ceskoslovenska."
Culture. Called "Older Unetice." End date
interpolated between this record and (384-
17). Believed by (19-3) to have been Indo-
Europeans.
384 17 -1675 -1550 N Unetice U Elbe, Saale, Odra (Oder), Warta, L
Vltava RR, D, DDR, PL, CS, see map
14a (12b); "Archeologicky Atlas
Evropy A Ceskoslovenska."
Cuture called "Classical Unetice." Start
date interpolated between this record and
(383-15). Location shifted over (383-15).
Believed by ref (19-3) to have been Indo-
Europeans.
386 45 -1200 -700 N Unstrut U Unstrut R, DDR, see map 16a (4a); L
"Archeologicky Atlas Evropy A
Ceskoslovenska."
Culture. End date acc/to (387-4) where in
Czech Atlas area 4a is called "related
groups" (to Saalemuendungsgruppe).
383 16 -1800 -1700 N Unterwoebling U Danube R area A, see map 13a (14); L
"Archeologicky Atlas Evropy A
Ceskoslovenska."
Culture.
365 1 -1300 -700 A Urnfield U C & E Europe (see Map 2 p 172, L
hatched central area for outline),
& I (all) & Sicily.
Culture. End date acc/to Czech Atlas, map
17a. In N & W I this culture is called
Villanova. It eventually gave way to
Etruscan culture.
157 8 -1200 -1100 A Urnfield U Albania L
Culture.
901 114 -1200 -700 A Urnfield U NL, C & S D (W of {365-1}), B, E L
F, Rhone R basin, &
Slovenia,Croatia, N Bosnia (mostly
from Czech Atlas, map 16a & 17a,
look for popelnicovyeh poli).
Acc/to (179-16), (181-4), (365-4), and
(365-6). Culture.
225 19 -900 -700 A Urnfield U Catalonia, Aragon, C Spain, also S M
F (acc/to (365-7))
From NL, C & S D (W of {365-1}), B, E F,
Rhone R basin, & Slovakia, Croatia, N
Bosnia (mostly from Czech Atlas, map 16a &
17a, look for popelnicovyeh poli). *{901-
114}* Culture. Not
a large ethnic contribution acc/to (230-
22). Possibly earliest Celts.
901 115 -900 -700 A Urnfield U {Catalonia, Aragon, C Spain, also L
S F (acc/to (365-7))} *{225-19}*
For consistency with (225-19). Not a large
ethnic contribution acc/to (230-22).
Possibly earliest Celts.
153 26 -800 -700 A Urnfield U ROM, BG L
Culture. Calibrated BC dates. Other
locations mentioned but these were already
captured in other records.
12 193 -100 -58 A Usipii G Modern Upper Hesse, N of Main R L
End date to conform to (12-188).
12 188 -58 -55 N Usipii G Area N of Lippe R M
From modern Upper Hesse, N of Main R. *{12-
193}* Acc/to (187-6), had been displaced
by Suebi from their ancestral homes in 58
BC, almost wiped out subsequently by
Caesar while looking for land. (Syn. with
Usipetes).
900 572 -58 70 A Usipii G {Area N of Lippe R} *{12-188}* L
Start date acc/to (12-188). End date
acc/to (9-28) for Tencteri. Suffered heavy
losses at hands of Romans in 55 BC. Merged
with Tubanti whose name they assumed.
Became part of Franks later.
7 4 375 700 A Utriguri T Sea of Azov E shore Sea of Azov L
from Don R to Kerc (Crimea).
End date for consistency with (234-89).
40 113 481 558 N Utriguri T Thracia & Moesia inf RP The newly A
reorganized (284-305) Diocese
Thracia. See ref 40, fig 22.
From Sea of Azov, E shore Sea of Azov from
Don R to Kerc (Crimea). *{7-4}*
234 89 650 # N Utriguri T Lower Danube R region S
From Azov region.
49 7 889 895 A Uzi T {Area between Ural & Volga RR} Q
(given in ref as: Patxinachia,
Chaxaria, Alania (transcribed from
Greek). Former homeland of
Pechenegi.) *{900-387}*
Part of tribe. From C Asia, beyond Urals &
Caspian Sea up to Altai Mts. *{49-6}*
Dates to conform with (900-392).
900 397 889 1055 A Uzi T {Area between Ural & Volga RR} L
(given in ref as: Patxinachia,
Chaxaria, Alania (transcribed from
Greek). Former homeland of
Pechenegi.) *{49-7}*
For consistency with (49-7) and (49-9).
49 9 1055 1064 N Uzi T {Betw Don & lower Danube RR} M
(given in reference as: Bug,
Sereth, Lower Danube RR.) *{900-
393}*
From area between Ural & Volga RR (given
in ref as: Patxinachia, Chaxaria, Alania
(transcribed from Greek). Former homeland
of Pechenegi.) *{49-7}* Probably coexisted
with the Pechenegi for a period of time.
900 398 1055 1100 A Uzi T {Betw Don & lower Danube RR} L
(given in reference as: Bug,
Sereth, Lower Danube RR.) *{49-9}*
For consistency with (49-9) and (49-11),
(49-12).
49 11 1100 # A Uzi T Macedonia R
From area betw Don & lower Danube RR
(given in reference as: Bug, Sereth, Lower
Danube RR.) *{900-398}* Part of tribe.
Pushed out by Cumans.
49 12 1100 # A Uzi T {Betw Don & lower Danube RR} T
(given in reference as: Bug,
Sereth, Lower Danube RR.) -
{Perislavija (SU)} *{900-398} -
{901-222}*
To Perislavija (SU). *{901-222}* Part of
tribe. Pushed out by Cumans.
901 222 1100 # A Uzi T Perislavija (SU). L
For consistency with (49-12).
385 30 -1400 -1300 N Uzmen U L Dvina R area, NE Belorussia, see L
map 15a (25a); "Archeologicky
Atlas Evropy A Ceskoslovenska."
Culture.
231 14 -100 50 A Vaccaei U N Old Castile (E) L
Iberians (? text not entirely clear).
30 2 400 550 A Vaestgoetar G Vaestergoetland, S L
383 40 -1800 -1300 N Valdaj U Lovat R area, NW SU, see map 13a L
(36); "Archeologicky Atlas Evropy
A Ceskoslovenska."
Culture. End date acc/to (385-29).
6 1 -200 -100 A Vandals G Uppland in S L
Also located by other authors (170-8) in N
Jutland, DK.
170 8 -200 -100 A Vandals G N Jutland L
Also located by other authors in Uppland
Prov., S (6-1).
6 2 -100 # A Vandals G Bay of Gdansk M
Crossed East Sea. From N Jutland + Uppland
in S. *{170-8} + {6-1}*
900 544 -100 50 A Vandals G {Bay of Gdansk} *{6-2}* L
To conform to (6-2) & (6-3).
6 3 50 # A Vandals G S PL S Posen, Congress PL, M
Galicia, and the largest part of
Silesia.
From Bay of Gdansk. *{6-2}* They were
pushed there by later arriving Rugii.
900 545 50 150 A Vandals G {S PL S Posen, Congress PL, L
Galicia, and the largest part of
Silesia.} *{6-3}*
For consistency with (6-3), (900-546),
(900-547).
6 9 409 429 N Vandals G RPP Gallaecia, Lusitania, Baetica, W
Carthaginiensis (E)
From E. *{11-90}* Battles with Suebi,
Goths, & others. They caused much
destruction. Again called Vandals from now
on.
11 92 426 # N Vandals G Balearic Is, Mauretania N
From RPP Gallaecia, Lusitania, Baetica,
Carthaginiensis (E). *{6-9}*
11 93 429 # N Vandals G Tingis (mod Tangier, N Africa) M
From RPP Gallaecia, Lusitania, Baetica,
Carthaginiensis (E). *{6-9}* Acc/to (6-
10), census revealed 80K people total.
11 94 429 439 N Vandals G Carthage Most around Carthage in M
RP Proconsularis, some N of
Bysazena, coast of Mauretanias nr
Tipasa & Cherchel.
From Tingis (mod Tangier, N Africa). *{11-
93}*
900 551 439 533 N Vandals G {Carthage Most around Carthage in L
RP Proconsularis, some N of
Bysazena, coast of Mauretanias nr
Tipasa & Cherchel.} *{11-94}*
Acc/to (6-13) which says that population
increased over initial 80K, but one
reported estimate of 500K surely
exaggerated. Defeated by Byzantines. Some
Vandals resettled in RP Galatia (in Asia
Minor), others dispersed over E. Roman
Empire,
some remained in N Africa.
11 95 440 468 N Vandals G Sicily C
From Carthage. Most around Carthage in RP
Proconsularis, some N of Bysazena, coast
of Mauretanias nr Tipasa & Cherchel. *{11-
94}*
308 18 454 # A Vandals G Malta N
From Carthage. Most around Carthage in RP
Proconsularis, some N of Bysazena, coast
of Mauretanias nr Tipasa & Cherchel. *{11-
94}*
11 96 455 # N Vandals G Corsica, Sardinia C
From Carthage. Most around Carthage in RP
Proconsularis, some N of Bysazena, coast
of Mauretanias nr Tipasa & Cherchel. *{11-
94}*
6 12 455 477 N Vandals G Rome N
From Carthage. Most around Carthage in RP
Proconsularis, some N of Bysazena, coast
of Mauretanias nr Tipasa & Cherchel. *{11-
94}*
11 97 460 500 N Vandals G E, GR, I coasts N
From Carthage. Most around Carthage in RP
Proconsularis, some N of Bysazena, coast
of Mauretanias nr Tipasa & Cherchel. *{11-
94}*
12 132 -70 -1 A Vangiones G Hessen-Starkenburg (We can't L
locate this.)
End date to agree with (12-145).
900 603 -61 # N Vangiones G {Nr Worms, D} *{12-137}* Q
For consistency with (12-137). From Hessen-
Starkenburg. (We can't locate this.) *{12-
132}*
12 137 -61 14 A Vangiones G Nr Worms, D L
End date acc/to (183-15).
27 81 -400 -300 A Vardae Y Bosna R (Bosnia, YU) L
Conservative bracketing date.
12 85 -100 50 A Varini G N L
Dates are guesses.
900 591 50 # A Varini G {Barvithsysael in Jutland} *{12- M
86}*
For consistency with (12-85) & (12-86).
From N. *{12-85}*
12 86 50 250 A Varini G Barvithsysael in Jutland L
Dates are guesses.
12 89 250 # A Varini G Dutch coast M
From Barvithsysael in Jutland. *{12-86}*
900 592 250 540 A Varini G {Dutch coast} *{12-89}* L
For consistency with (12-89), (12-92), &
(12-96).
12 92 540 # A Varini G S England Q
Part of Varini fleeing (12-89) from
conquest of their kingdom by Frankish King
Theudebert.
12 96 540 # A Varini G Betw. Saale & Mulde RR Q
From Dutch coast. *{12-89}*
148 13 540 594 N Varini G Lower Saale & Mulde RR L
Start date for consistency with (12-96).
Ref 12 says they form Thuringians together
with Hermunduri, but (33-11) has them
destroyed in 594 AD by the Franks.
234 130 739 775 N Varyagi G Sea of Azov Q
From settlements in Russia. (SYN =
Varangians, Slavicized name of Swedish
Vikings.) End date due to discrepancy with
(32-45) (same author!).
900 647 739 800 N Varyagi G {Sea of Azov} *{234-131}* L
To conform with (234-130) & (234-131).
234 131 800 900 A Varyagi G Sea of Azov I
(SYN = Varangians). By the Rus (see 234-
122).
31 34 943 # N Varyagi G Baku, Berda on Kura R C
From Kiev Kaganate (?). May already have
become heavily Slavicized.
31 35 965 969 N Varyagi G Sarkel (p44, Putzger, Lendl, C
Wagner), (Itil; nr modern
Astrachan)
From Kiev Kaganate (?). May already have
become heavily Slavicized. End of Khazar
Empire.
231 38 -800 50 A Vasconi U Basque Provinces, Navarre, parts L
of Aragon (E).
Start date acc/to (230-9), which considers
them Celtiberians.
108 6 -1700 -1550 A Vatin U YU Danube, see Map 4, p. 59 L
Culture.
131 7 -1700 -1475 A Vatya U C H betw Transdanubia & Tisza R L
Culture. End date compromise between this
record and (384-9).
51 121 575 625 A Velegeziti S Around Teba (Thebae Phthiae) and M
Demetrias (ancient towns,
Demetrias is modern Volos (Bolos)
on Gulf of Volos (Pagasitikos
Kolpos)) GR. (See map 7/8 in
Putzger.)
From Lower Danube R (E branch of S. Slavs)
(ref (51-63) to ref (51-64)).
900 707 575 978 A Velegeziti S {Around Teba (Thebae Phthiae) and L
Demetrias (ancient towns,
Demetrias is modern Volos (Bolos)
on Gulf of Volos (Pagasitikos
Kolpos)) GR. (See map 7/8 in
Putzger.)} *{51-121}*
For consistency with (51-121). End date
forming of Macedonian state (51-138).
Eventually formed Macedonian Slavs.
900 679 500 625 A Veleti S E portion of Mecklemburg, all of M
Brandenburg (DDR). (For more
precise outline see ref 302, red
stippled area labeled Veleti=
Lutici.)
Dates are compromise between (32-22) and
frontpaper map in ref 14, supported by (33-
9) & (192-6). From SE, possibly area of H.
Into the area vacated by Germanic tribes.
900 683 500 1200 A Veleti S {E portion of Mecklemburg, all of L
Brandenburg (DDR). (For more
precise outline see ref 302, red
stippled area labeled Veleti=
Lutici.)} *{900-679}*
Start date to conform to (900-679). End
date last mention of Veleti in chronology
of ref 14. (Syn. Lutici, Wilzen). This is
an aggregation of tribes including
Chyzini, Crespenane, Dolenci, Ratari,
Ukrane, Recane, Moricane, Havolane,
Sprevane, & Lubusane, whose separate
location could be found on map 302. There
is some evidence in ref 14 that Havolane =
Heveller = Stodorane may be a relatively
major group of equal rank to Veleti. But
E article on Polabians mentions
them as subgroups of Lutici (Lutycy) or
Wilzen (Wilcy).
27 118 -650 -600 A Veliocassi K Upper Normandy (Departments: L
Seine - Maritime & Eure), F
143 13 -750 -50 A Vellavii K Velay region in F in Haute Loire, L
between Yssingeau and St. Etienne
13 3 1 200 A Venedi S E of Vistula R up to the L
Carpathians Mts and the
settlements of the Peuci & the
Finns.
Some authors believe that these are early
Slavs. Mentioned by Ptolemy.
900 331 -1000 -200 A Veneti U NE continental I, from Adige R to L
Gail R toward Karawanken
(Karavanche) Mts. See map 1 in ref
164.
Acc/to (164-3), (26-8). End date acc/to
(139-10). May be Illyrian speakers, but
could be Keltic speakers.
27 42 -900 -800 A Veneti K Lausitz (Silesia) L
For consistency with (47-41).
27 41 -800 # A Veneti K Bretagne, Vendee (adjoining M
regions in F).
From Lausitz (Silesia). *{27-42}*
900 332 -800 100 A Veneti K {Bretagne, Vendee (adjoining L
regions in F).} *{27-41}*
Acc/to (27-41); end date uncertain.
143 57 -56 # N Veneti K Somerset (Meare, Glastonbury) S
Celts not Veneti from Venice. Came from
Bretagne.
900 333 -56 100 A Veneti K {Somerset (Meare, Glastonbury)} L
*{143-57}*
End date uncertain.
331 23 940 # N Venetians I Comacchio, S of Venice, I S
From Venice.
331 24 944 # N Venetians I Ravenna, S of Venice, I S
From Venice.
149 29 1000 # N Venetians I Coasts of Dalmatia & Istria S
From Venice.
149 53 1200 1209 A Venetians I Port cities along Greek coast (see S
map in Putzger, p. 49)
From Venice. Time span given is for the
settlement. They stayed until ca 1500 AD.
901 73 1200 1500 A Venetians I {Port cities along Greek coast L
(see map in Putzger, p. 49)} *{149-
53}*
Start date to conform to (149-53); end
date acc/to Putzger, p. 49.
901 74 1202 1214 N Venetians I {Coast of Albania nr Durres N
(Durazzo)} *{149-37}*
From Venice.
149 37 1392 # N Venetians I Coast of Albania nr Durres S
(Durazzo)
From Venice.
901 72 1392 1501 N Venetians I {Coast of Albania nr Durres L
(Durazzo)} *{149-37}*
Both dates to conform to (149-37).
149 50 1419 1421 N Venetians I Coastal Dalmatia S
From Venice.
149 46 1423 1430 N Venetians I Thessaloniki, GR N
Lost it to Turks.
149 52 1489 # N Venetians I Cyprus S
From Venice.
901 75 1489 1571 N Venetians I {Cyprus} *{149-52}* L
Dates acc/to (149-52).
900 438 1699 # N Venetians I {Peloponnese (syn. Morea)} *{900- C
436}*
Acc/to Encyclopaedia Brittanica 15th ed.
(Greece p.380). From Venice.
900 439 1699 1719 N Venetians I {Peloponnese (syn. Morea)} *{900- L
436}*
Acc/to Encyclopaedia Brittanica 15th ed.
(Greece p.380).
900 133 1000 1500 A Vepses F From Seksna R (now betw Rybinsk L
Reservoir and L Beloje) in S to N
Dvina (Severnaja Dvina) R in N.
Acc/to (169-14), (213-21). Syn. Chudes.
Probably syn. with Cud. Already captured.
But note that Geipel states that Chudes
are Vepses plus Votes. We cannot
corroborate this.
900 131 1500 1970 A Vepses F Triangle between S ends of LL L
Onega & Ladoga and city of Vologda.
Acc/to (213-21), (169-13). 15 to 16K
acc/to 1970 census figures.
355 4 -100 1 N Veragri U Berner Alps area, near Martigny, L
on Rhone R, CH.
Probably Celtic tribe.
384 15 -1650 -1550 N Veterovo-Moravi U C & S CS & N A, see map 14a (12a); L
"Archeologicky Atlas Evropy A
Ceskoslovenska."
Culture. Full name: Veterovo-Moravian.
231 15 -100 50 A Vettones U Betw Douro & Guadiana RR (E) L
Iberians (? text not entirely clear).
15 3 793 # N Vikings G Lindisfarne (Scotland) N
From SCA.
15 4 799 # N Vikings G Coast of Aquitaine (SW F) N
From SCA.
53 69 844 # N Vikings G Ria de Arosa (bay in Galicia, E), N
Lisbon
From SCA. Called Normandos in ref.
232 40 844 # N Vikings G Nr Seville S
From SCA. Called Normans in ref. Attack
followed by settlement of the Vikings and
their conversion to Islam.
53 70 858 # N Vikings G Algeciras, Orihuela, Pamplona (E) N
From SCA. Called Normandos in ref.
43 15 901 # N Vikings G Isle of Man, Scotland Q
From Dublin. Expelled by Irish.
43 17 913 917 N Vikings G IRL C
From Britain.
27 26 -750 1 A Vindelici K Wuerttemberg, S Bavaria L
End date based on (355-12).
108 5 -1800 -1700 A Vinkovci U YU Danube Basin (includes: Szava L
nr Siklos, Gradina on Bosut R,
Vinkovci, Sirmia, part of
Slavonia, Baranja area,
Svetozarevo in W Serbia, Szeged in
H.)
Full name: Vinkovci-Somogyvar Culture.
110 49 240 # A Visigoths G Lower Danube & Olt Limes Q
From NW of Black Sea State between
Carpathians, Don R, Vistula R, Sea of
Azov, centered on lower Dnepr R. *{900-
489}* Partial migration with respect to
the entire Gothic population (1-24). The
differentiation of Goths in W & E branches
occurred about 240 AD. The W branch was
first called Terwingians, later Visigoths.
The E branch first Greuthungi, then
Ostrogoths. We call them by their later
names as of 240 AD.
900 490 240 271 A Visigoths G {Lower Danube & Olt Limes} *{110- L
49}*
Acc/to (11-30) and for consistency with
(110-49) & (11-60). The differentiation of
Goths in W & E branches occurred about 240
AD. The W branch was first called
Terwingians, later Visigoths. The E branch
first Greuthungi, then Ostrogoths.
We call them by their later names as of
240 AD.
190 9 248 # N Visigoths G Moesia & Thrace A
From the lower Danube & Olt Limes. *{900-
490}* The differentiation of Goths in W &
E branches occurred about 240 AD. The W