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REF REC START   END  GENS            L          LOCATION                  A          COMMENTS

900 485   451 455   N Burgundians     G {S of L Geneva City of Geneva,      Q
                                        Ebrudunum (Villeneuve at the mouth
                                        of the Rhone R into L. Geneva) &
                                        Grenoble.} *{900-482}*
                                                                                Travelled with Huns (Attila) presumably
                                                                                settled with their fellow tribesmen W of
                                                                                Rhine after being repulsed by Gepids. From
                                                                                Main & Neckar RR area nr Jagst R & Kocher.
                                                                                *{900-478}*

  1  37   451 #     N E. Heruli       G S Moravia & Lower A W of March R    M
                                        up to Vienna. Also betw March and
                                        Eipel (Ipel) RR (in Slovakia;
                                        acc/to ref (12-26)).
                                                                                From Balkans beyond Dnepr R & Danube. *{11-
                                                                                66}* Not clear whether they stayed there
                                                                                between 375 and ca 450 AD and then moved
                                                                                to E A & S Moravia or whether they moved
                                                                                there right away. Beaten and dispersed by
                                                                                Lombards in 508, N of L.
                                                                                Balaton. But R. Much cites 494 for this
                                                                                event.

900 562   451 508   A E. Heruli       G {S Moravia & Lower A W of March R   L
                                        up to Vienna. Also betw March and
                                        Eipel (Ipel) RR (in Slovakia;
                                        acc/to ref (12-26)).} *{1-37}*
                                                                                For consistency with (1-37) & (30-6), (133-
                                                                                32). Ref (12-26) notes a rapid numerical
                                                                                increase.

 12   3   451 #     N Gepidae         G Gaul                                A
                                                                                Under Hun leadership. From North Dacia in
                                                                                wooded & mountainous areas, neighbors of
                                                                                W. Goths. (W corner of Ukraine, betw
                                                                                Uzgorod & Chust.) + Maros, Tisza & Koerces
                                                                                RR (Alfoeld, H). *{900-565}*

  8  12   451 #     N Huns            M Gaul                                A
                                                                                From H and R (excluding Valachia). *{900-
                                                                                361}*

  1  34   451 #     N Ostrogoths      G Gaul                                A
                                                                                From Pannonia. Attacked with Huns.

 12 172   451 #     N Thuringians     G Thuringia In S they settle along    E
                                        Naab & Regen RR, pushing aside the
                                        Naristi who lived there then. In
                                        the N they expanded across the
                                        Harz up to Oker and Ohre RR and
                                        absorbed rests of Cherusci &
                                        Harudi.
                                                                                Former N. Hermunduri. From Mid Elbe R,
                                                                                Saale R area & N of Danube R. Thuringians'
                                                                                area greater than modern Thuringia.
                                                                                Limits: In S, N of Danube R. In Main R
                                                                                area betw Thuringian Forest & Wuerzburg
                                                                                borders area of the Alamanni. In NE
                                                                                up to Elbe R & in N up to Ohre R & Kolbitz-
                                                                                Letzlinger Heide (heath). Toward W & NW
                                                                                border is indefinite. *{195-3}*

900 523   451 500   A Thuringians     G {Thuringia In S they settle along   L
                                        Naab & Regen RR, pushing aside the
                                        Naristi who lived there then. In
                                        the N they expanded across the
                                        Harz up to Oker and Ohre RR and
                                        absorbed rests of Cherusci &
                                        Harudi.} *{12-172}*
                                                                                To conform with (12-172) & (12-173).

  8  13   452 #     N Huns            M I coming via modern YU, attacking   A
                                        Aquileia (Roman seaport E of
                                        Venice). Broke into Po R Valley,
                                        devastated RP Aemilia, took Milan
                                        & Pavia.
                                                                                From H and R (excluding Valachia). *{900-
                                                                                361}*

191   9   454 #     N Alamanni        G Raetia II, Noricum RPP Besancon &   A
                                        Langres.
                                                                                From Basel, CH, + N, C, & E CH + Meuse R
                                                                                area, just W of Mosel R, around Foug, E F.
                                                                                + Borders: W is Rhine R, S is L Constance,
                                                                                E is Iller & Danube RR. N of Main R, the
                                                                                Rheingau and Wetterau. + + Dieuze, betw
                                                                                Rhine & Mosel RR, nr Seille
                                                                                R, Moselle Region, E F. + Troyes, on Seine
                                                                                R, F. + Auxerre, E F. + Autun, E F. +
                                                                                Marne R area of Champagne Region, F. - N
                                                                                part of territory. *{900-6}*

191   8   454 470   N Alamanni        G Alsace, Palatinate, Worms           E
                                        Rheingau, Aschaffenburg,
                                        Wuerzburg, Raetia W of Iller R
                                                                                From Basel, CH, + N, C, & E CH + Meuse R
                                                                                area, just W of Mosel R, around Foug, E F.
                                                                                + Borders: W is Rhine R, S is L Constance,
                                                                                E is Iller & Danube RR. N of Main R, the
                                                                                Rheingau and Wetterau. + + Dieuze, betw
                                                                                Rhine & Mosel RR, nr Seille
                                                                                R, Moselle Region, E F. + Troyes, on Seine
                                                                                R, F. + Auxerre, E F. + Autun, E F. +
                                                                                Marne R area of Champagne Region, F. - N
                                                                                part of territory. *{900-6}*

900   7   454 496   N Alamanni        G {Alsace, Palatinate, Worms          L
                                        Rheingau, Aschaffenburg,
                                        Wuerzburg, Raetia W of Iller R} +
                                        {Basel, CH, + N, C, & E CH + Meuse
                                        R area, just W of Mosel R, around
                                        Foug, E F. + Borders: W is Rhine
                                        R, S is L Constance, E is Iller &
                                        Danube RR. N
                                        of Main R, the Rheingau and             Conquered by Franks.
                                        Wetterau. + Dieuze, betw Rhine &
                                        Mosel RR, nr Seille R, Moselle
                                        Region, E F. + Troyes, on Seine R,
                                        F. + Auxerre, E F. + Autun, E F. +
                                        Marne R area of Champagne Region,
                                        F. - N part of territory.} *{191-
                                        8} +
                                        {900-6}*

900 566   454 #     N Gepidae         G Part of Transilvania, R             E
                                                                                Acc/to (12-4). From North Dacia in wooded
                                                                                & mountainous areas, neighbors of W.
                                                                                Goths. (W corner of Ukraine, betw Uzgorod
                                                                                & Chust.) + Maros, Tisza & Koerces RR
                                                                                (Alfoeld, H). *{900-565}*

900 567   454 471   N Gepidae         G {North Dacia in wooded &            L
                                        mountainous areas, neighbors of W.
                                        Goths. (W corner of Ukraine, betw
                                        Uzgorod & Chust.) + Maros, Tisza &
                                        Koerces RR (Alfoeld, H).} + {Part
                                        of Transilvania, R} *{900-565} +
                                        {900-566}*
                                                                                For consistency with (900-566) & (12-5).

900 363   454 #     N Huns            M {H and R (excluding Valachia)} -    T
                                        {RP Dacia Ripensis} *{900-361} -
                                        {8-15}* *
                                                                                For consistency with (8-15). To RP Dacia
                                                                                Ripensis. *{8-15}*

900 364   454 #     N Huns            M {H and R (excluding Valachia)} -    T
                                        {Dobrogea} *{900-361} - {900-362}*
                                                                                For consistency with (8-15). To Dobrugea.
                                                                                *{900-362}*

  8  15   454 470   N Huns            M RP Dacia Ripensis                   L
                                                                                Defeated by coalition Germanic tribes led
                                                                                by the Gepids. Two pockets of Huns remain.
                                                                                Bulk of Huns destroyed by Goths. Rest
                                                                                gradually amalgamated.

900 362   454 470   N Huns            M Dobrogea                            L
                                                                                Acc/to (8-15). Defeated by coalition
                                                                                Germanic tribes led by the Gepids. Two
                                                                                pockets of Huns remain. Bulk of Huns
                                                                                destroyed by Goths. Rest gradually
                                                                                amalgamated.

900 596   454 #     N Rugii           G {Waldviertel & Weinviertel in       Q
                                        Lower A.} *{1-36}*
                                                                                Acc/to (12-18). From Upper Theiss R (Tisza
                                                                                R) *{900-595}*

 12  19   454 #     N Rugii           G Thrace: Bizye (TR), Arcadiopolis.   R
                                                                                Part of people resettled there by Romans.
                                                                                From Upper Theiss R (Tisza R) *{900-595}*

  1  36   454 487   N Rugii           G Waldviertel & Weinviertel in Lower  L
                                        A.
                                                                                Dispersed by Odoaker in 487.

308  18   454 #     A Vandals         G Malta                               N
                                                                                From Carthage. Most around Carthage in RP
                                                                                Proconsularis, some N of Bysazena, coast
                                                                                of Mauretanias nr Tipasa & Cherchel. *{11-
                                                                                94}*

 11  96   455 #     N Vandals         G Corsica, Sardinia                   C
                                                                                From Carthage. Most around Carthage in RP
                                                                                Proconsularis, some N of Bysazena, coast
                                                                                of Mauretanias nr Tipasa & Cherchel. *{11-
                                                                                94}*

  6  12   455 477   N Vandals         G Rome                                N
                                                                                From Carthage. Most around Carthage in RP
                                                                                Proconsularis, some N of Bysazena, coast
                                                                                of Mauretanias nr Tipasa & Cherchel. *{11-
                                                                                94}*

232  28   456 #     N Visigoths       G Galicia                             A
                                                                                From Tarraconensis RP, Baetica RP,
                                                                                Lusitania & Carthaginensis RPP. *{232-30}*

 11 118   457 490   N Alamanni        G N I & CH                            Q
                                                                                From Alsace, Palatinate, Worms, Rheingau,
                                                                                Aschaffenburg, Wuerzburg, Raetia W of
                                                                                Iller R +
                                                                                Basel, CH, + N, C, & E CH + Meuse R area,
                                                                                just W of Mosel R, around Foug, E F. +
                                                                                Borders: W is Rhine R, S is L Constance, E
                                                                                is Iller & Danube RR. N of Main R, the
                                                                                Rheingau and Wetterau. + + Dieuze, betw
                                                                                Rhine & Mosel RR, nr Seille
                                                                                R, Moselle Region, E F. + Troyes, on Seine
                                                                                R, F. + Auxerre, E F. + Autun, E F. +
                                                                                Marne R area of Champagne Region, F. - N
                                                                                part of territory. *{900-7}*

 11 120   457 712   N Alamanni        G N I & CH                            L

 12  53   457 474   N Burgundians     G RP Lugdunensis I as well as cities  E
                                        of Lyon, Die (on Drome R), Vienne
                                        & Vaison. Middle & Upper Aare R up
                                        to Solothurn was Eastern Boundary
                                        of Burgandy. The Rhenish areas of
                                        CH (Basel & Windisch were never
                                        Burgundian.
                                                                                From area S of L Geneva, City of Geneva,
                                                                                Ebrudunum (Villeneuve at the mouth of the
                                                                                Rhone R into L. Geneva) & Grenoble. *{900-
                                                                                482}*

900 483   457 482   N Burgundians     G {S of L Geneva City of Geneva,      L
                                        Ebrudunum (Villeneuve at the mouth
                                        of the Rhone R into L. Geneva) &
                                        Grenoble.} +
                                        {RP Lugdunensis I as well as            For consistency with (12-53) & (17-46).
                                        cities of Lyon, Die (on Drome R),
                                        Vienne & Vaison. Middle & Upper
                                        Aare R up to Solothurn was Eastern
                                        Boundary of Burgandy. The Rhenish
                                        areas of CH (Basel & Windisch were
                                        never Burgundian.} *{12-52} + {12-
                                        53}*

900 577   457 #     A Franks          G Cambrai & Somme RR + Alsace &       E
                                        Palatinate.
                                                                                Acc/to (11-110) & (11-117). From betw.
                                                                                Yssel & Lower Lippe RR + Upper Wupper R +
                                                                                Area N of Lippe R + Xanthen including
                                                                                areas to the right of the Rhine R, the
                                                                                Ruhrgau around Duisburg & Menden, & the
                                                                                Hettergau around Herbede. + Betw. Ruhr
                                                                                & Lippe RR + Toxandria (Toxandria =
                                                                                Teisterbant area (in Dutch).) It is the
                                                                                drainage area of the Drommel R in N
                                                                                Brabant, extending E to the Peel Swamps, W
                                                                                to inlet of Schelde R. + Beyond Toxandria
                                                                                into Flanders. *{900-576}*

900 578   457 480   A Franks          G {Betw. Yssel & Lower Lippe RR +     L
                                        Upper Wupper R + Area N of Lippe R
                                        + Xanthen including areas to the
                                        right of the Rhine R, the Ruhrgau
                                        around Duisburg & Menden, & the
                                        Hettergau around Herbede. + Betw.
                                        Ruhr & Lippe RR + Toxandria
                                        Toxandria
                                        = Teisterbant area (in Dutch). It       For consistency with (900-577) & (362-7).
                                        is the drainage area of the
                                        Drommel R in N Brabant, extending
                                        E to the Peel Swamps, W to inlet
                                        of Schelde R. + Beyond Toxandria
                                        into Flanders} + {Cambrai & Somme
                                        RR + Alsace & Palatinate.} *{900-
                                        576}
                                        + {900-577}*

 40 111   457 474   N Huns            M Thracia & Moesia inf RP The newly   A
                                        reorganized (284-305) Diocese
                                        Thracia. See ref 40, fig 22.
                                                                                From Dobrogea.

 40 110   457 474   N Ostrogoths      G Thracia & Moesia inf RP The newly   A
                                        reorganized (284-305) Diocese
                                        Thracia. See ref 40, fig 22.
                                                                                From Pannonia Prima RP. *(110-67)*

 12 161   458 468   N Suebi           G Lisbon & Coimbra                    E
                                                                                From N Galicia (N of Minho-Sil line) +
                                                                                Betw Douro R & Minho-Sil line. *{900-535}*

900 537   458 585   A Suebi           G {N Galicia (N of Minho-Sil line) +  L
                                        Betw Douro R & Minho-Sil line} +
                                        {Lisbon & Coimbra} *{900-535} +
                                        {12-161}*
                                                                                Start date acc/to (12-161). End date
                                                                                acc/to (11-102).

 31   1   460 #     A Huns            M S Russian steppes                   Q
                                                                                From H and R (excluding Valachia). *{900-
                                                                                361}*

900 365   460 552   N Huns            M {S Russian steppes} *{31-1}*        L
                                                                                For consistency with (31-1) and (31-13).

 11  97   460 500   N Vandals         G E, GR, I coasts                     N
                                                                                From Carthage. Most around Carthage in RP
                                                                                Proconsularis, some N of Bysazena, coast
                                                                                of Mauretanias nr Tipasa & Cherchel. *{11-
                                                                                94}*

 31   4   463 #     N Oguri           T Black Sea environs                  M
                                                                                From the East.

 31   8   463 600   A Oguri           T {Black Sea environs} *{31-4}*       I
                                                                                By Huns to form mixed people sometimes
                                                                                called Huns, sometimes Bulgars. (We shall
                                                                                call them Bulgars.)

 31   5   463 #     N Onoguri         T N of Caucasus Mts                   M
                                                                                From the East. (Location specified in this
                                                                                record comes from (3-2)).

900 375   463 650   A Onoguri         T N of Caucasus Mts                   L
                                                                                Subjugated by Avars. Freed themselves
                                                                                again ca. 625 (acc/to (3-2)).

 31   2   463 #     N Sabiri          T N Caucasian area                    M
                                                                                Location specified in (234-58); from
                                                                                Siberia acc/to (11-33).

900 376   463 550   A Sabiri          T N Caucasian area                    L
                                                                                To link (31-2) with (31-32). *(Location
                                                                                information duplicated from (234-58).)*

 31   3   463 #     N Saraguri        T Black Sea environs                  M
                                                                                From the East.

900 377   463 600   A Saraguri        T {Black Sea environs} *{31-3}*       I
                                                                                Acc/to Ploetz, p.372. With Huns to form
                                                                                Bulgars.

 17  43   469 #     N Visigoths       G Bretagne                            A
                                                                                From Aquitania RP. (Roman Province of
                                                                                Aquitania (specific areas assigned to
                                                                                Goths were valley of Garonne R from
                                                                                Toulouse to Bordeaux as well as Atlantic
                                                                                coast from Pyrenees almost to Loire R).
                                                                                They founded the Tolosanic Empire there
                                                                                with their capital at Toulouse. Since 468
                                                                                also in the NE of Iberian peninsula.) *{1-
                                                                                31}*

 12 169   470 #     N Alamanni        G W RP Raetia II                      C
                                                                                Ref also mentions 'much of CH' but that
                                                                                has already been taken care of by (11-118).
                                                                                From Alsace, Palatinate, Worms, Rheingau,
                                                                                Aschaffenburg, Wuerzburg, Raetia W of
                                                                                Iller R +
                                                                                Basel, CH, + N, C, & E CH + Meuse R area,
                                                                                just W of Mosel R, around Foug, E F. +
                                                                                Borders: W is Rhine R, S is L Constance, E
                                                                                is Iller & Danube RR. N of Main R, the
                                                                                Rheingau and Wetterau. + + Dieuze, betw
                                                                                Rhine & Mosel RR, nr Seille
                                                                                R, Moselle Region, E F. + Troyes, on Seine
                                                                                R, F. + Auxerre, E F. + Autun, E F. +
                                                                                Marne R area of Champagne Region, F. - N
                                                                                part of territory. *{900-7}*
 11  81   470 488   N Ostrogoths      G East Roman Empire advancing along   W
                                        the Moldava-Vardar corridor,
                                        threatening Salonica & Adrianople.
                                        Crossed RP Moesia, Macedonia,
                                        Epirus & Dacia ripensis.
                                                                                From Pannonia Prima RP. *{110-67}* End
                                                                                date acc/to (1-42).

 12   5   471 #     N Gepidae         G Sirmium (and intervening area, RP   E
                                        Pannonia II, YU).
                                                                                From North Dacia in wooded & mountainous
                                                                                areas, neighbors of W. Goths. (W corner of
                                                                                Ukraine, betw Uzgorod & Chust.) + Maros,
                                                                                Tisza & Koerces RR (Alfoeld, H). + Part of
                                                                                Transilvania, R. *{900-567}*

900 568   471 504   N Gepidae         G {North Dacia in wooded &            L
                                        mountainous areas, neighbors of W.
                                        Goths. (W corner of Ukraine, betw
                                        Uzgorod & Chust.) + Maros, Tisza &
                                        Koerces RR (Alfoeld, H). + Part of
                                        Transilvania, R} + {Sirmium (and
                                        intervening area, RP Pannonia II,
                                        YU).} *{900-567}
                                        + {12-5}*                               Start date acc/to (12-5). End date for
                                                                                consistency with (900-569).

 12  27   473 508   A E. Heruli       G Pannonia, Noricum                   A
                                                                                From S Moravia & Lower A W of March R up
                                                                                to Vienna. Also betw March and Eipel
                                                                                (Ipel) RR (in Slovakia; acc/to ref (12-
                                                                                26)). *{1-37}*

 32  19   475 #     A Acarag-Antes    R Illyricum (Roman Region)            S
                                                                                From Middle Danube R. *{32-12}*

900  43   475 568   A Acarag-Antes    R {Illyricum (Roman Region)} *{32-    L
                                        19}*

 32  18   475 #     A Alans           R Dobrugea                            M
                                                                                From Kuban & Terek area. *{900-11}*

 18   1   475 #     A Proto-Bulgars   T Carpathian basin                    A
                                                                                From S Russia and further east. (Acc/to to
                                                                                Ploetz p.372, these could have been
                                                                                Saraguri, Oguri, or Onoguri.) Proto-
                                                                                Bulgars must here refer to one of the
                                                                                groups that later merged to form the
                                                                                Bulgars.

901  76   476 1970  N Corsicans       I Corsica                             L
                                                                                Start date: end of Roman empire; end date:
                                                                                still there. In 1970 200K, incl 17K French
                                                                                from N Africa, some Arabs, Spaniards,
                                                                                Portugese, 10K Italians.

901  63   476 1970  N French          I French speaking areas of F, B & CH  L
                                                                                Start date: end of Roman empire; end date:
                                                                                still there.

901  70   476 1970  N Italians        I Italic speaking areas of I & CH     L
                                                                                Start date: end of Roman empire; end date:
                                                                                still there.

901  62   476 1970  N Portugese       I Portugal                            L
                                                                                Start date: end of Roman Empire; end date:
                                                                                still there. Population estimated in 1500
                                                                                AD to be 1M acc/to (53-97).

901  61   476 1970  N Spaniards       I Spain incl. Balearics               L
                                                                                Start date: end of Roman Empire; end date:
                                                                                still there. For population estimates in
                                                                                1500 AD for various parts of Spain, see
                                                                                (53-91) to (53-96).

362   7   480 #     N Franks          G Luxembourg, & along Mosel R into    E
                                        Rheinland-Pfalz, Hunsrueck,
                                        Saarland.
                                                                                From betw. Yssel & Lower Lippe RR + Upper
                                                                                Wupper R + Area N of Lippe R + Xanthen
                                                                                including areas to the right of the Rhine
                                                                                R, the Ruhrgau around Duisburg & Menden, &
                                                                                the Hettergau around Herbede. + Betw. Ruhr
                                                                                & Lippe RR + Toxandria (Toxandria
                                                                                = Teisterbant area (in Dutch).) It is the
                                                                                drainage area of the Drommel R in N
                                                                                Brabant, extending E to the Peel Swamps, W
                                                                                to inlet of Schelde R. + Beyond Toxandria
                                                                                into Flanders. + Cambrai & Somme RR +
                                                                                Alsace & Palatinate. *{900-578}*

900 579   480 486   N Franks          G {Betw. Yssel & Lower Lippe RR +     L
                                        Upper Wupper R + Area N of Lippe R
                                        + Xanthen including areas to the
                                        right of the Rhine R, the Ruhrgau
                                        around Duisburg & Menden, & the
                                        Hettergau around Herbede. + Betw.
                                        Ruhr & Lippe RR + Toxandria
                                        Toxandria
                                        = Teisterbant area (in Dutch). It       For consistency with (362-7) & (2-20).
                                        is the drainage area of the
                                        Drommel R in N Brabant, extending
                                        E to the Peel Swamps, W to inlet
                                        of Schelde R. + Beyond Toxandria
                                        into Flanders + Cambrai & Somme RR
                                        + Alsace & Palatinate.} +
                                        {Luxembourg,
                                        & along Mosel R into Rheinland-
                                        Pfalz, Hunsrueck, Saarland.} *{900-
                                        578} + {362-7}*

  1  43   480 #     N Proto-Bulgars   T BG                                  A
                                                                                From S Russia (Pontic steppes nr coasts of
                                                                                Sea of Azov (or even the Kuban R) up to
                                                                                the Dnepr.) *{900-374}* Proto-Bulgars must
                                                                                here refer to one of the groups that later
                                                                                merged to form the Bulgars.

195   1   480 #     N Thuringians     G Passau (D)                          A
                                                                                From Thuringia. (In S they settle along
                                                                                Naab & Regen RR, pushing aside the Naristi
                                                                                who lived there then. In the N they
                                                                                expanded across the Harz up to Oker and
                                                                                Ohre RR and absorbed rests of Cherusci &
                                                                                Harudi.) *{12-172}*

 40 112   481 558   N Kutriguri       T Thracia & Moesia inf RP The newly   A
                                        reorganized (284-305) Diocese
                                        Thracia. See ref 40, fig 22.
                                                                                From Sea of Azov, W shore Sea of Azov up
                                                                                to Don R & Black Sea shore of part of
                                                                                Crimea. *{7-5}*

 40 113   481 558   N Utriguri        T Thracia & Moesia inf RP The newly   A
                                        reorganized (284-305) Diocese
                                        Thracia. See ref 40, fig 22.
                                                                                From Sea of Azov, E shore Sea of Azov from
                                                                                Don R to Kerc (Crimea). *{7-4}*

900 484   482 #     N Burgundians     G {S of L Geneva City of Geneva,      E
                                        Ebrudunum (Villeneuve at the mouth
                                        of the Rhone R into L. Geneva) &
                                        Grenoble. +
                                        RP Lugdunensis I as well as cities      For consistency with (17-46). From S of L
                                        of Lyon, Die (on Drome R), Vienne       Geneva City of Geneva, Ebrudunum
                                        & Vaison. Middle & Upper Aare R up      (Villeneuve at the mouth of the Rhone R
                                        to Solothurn was Eastern Boundary       into L. Geneva) & Grenoble. +
                                        of Burgandy. The Rhenish areas of
                                        CH (Basel & Windisch were never
                                        Burgundian.} -
                                        {Basin of Rhone R up to the             RP Lugdunensis I as well as cities of
                                        Durance in S, to the Saone V, in        Lyon, Die (on Drome R), Vienne & Vaison.
                                        CH up to the Aar R, in the              Middle & Upper Aare R up to Solothurn was
                                        Bourgogne, reaching NW to the           Eastern Boundary of Burgandy. The Rhenish
                                        Auxerrois, the Senonais, the            areas of CH (Basel & Windisch were never
                                        Troesin, & in W the Cevennes. (See      Burgundian. *{900-483}*
                                        also map 37-I in Putzger.)} *{900-
                                        483} - {17-46}*

 17  46   482 534   N Burgundians     G Basin of Rhone R up to the Durance  L
                                        in S, to the Saone V, in CH up to
                                        the Aar R, in the Bourgogne,
                                        reaching NW to the Auxerrois, the
                                        Senonais, the Troesin, & in W the
                                        Cevennes. (See also map 37-I in
                                        Putzger.)
                                                                                End date conquered by Franks. Many sources
                                                                                (e.g. (1-46)).

900 503   482 #     N Visigoths       G {Pyrenees to Loire R from Atlantic  E
                                        Ocean to Rhone R & from E of that
                                        R in the region reaching just to
                                        the Alps, comprising that area
                                        between the Durance and the
                                        Mediterranean Sea.} *{17-45}*
                                                                                From Aquitania RP. (Roman Province of
                                                                                Aquitania (specific areas assigned to
                                                                                Goths were valley of Garonne R from
                                                                                Toulouse to Bordeaux as well as Atlantic
                                                                                coast from Pyrenees almost to Loire R).
                                                                                They founded the Tolosanic Empire there
                                                                                with their capital at Toulouse. Since 468
                                                                                also in the NE of Iberian peninsula.) *{1-
                                                                                31}*

 17  45   482 507   N Visigoths       G Pyrenees to Loire R from Atlantic   L
                                        Ocean to Rhone R & from E of that
                                        R in the region reaching just to
                                        the Alps, comprising that area
                                        between the Durance and the
                                        Mediterranean Sea.
                                                                                End date acc/to (1-31).

  2  20   486 494   N Franks          G Between Seine & Loire RR            E
                                                                                From betw. Yssel & Lower Lippe RR + Upper
                                                                                Wupper R + Area N of Lippe R + Xanthen
                                                                                including areas to the right of the Rhine
                                                                                R, the Ruhrgau around Duisburg & Menden, &
                                                                                the Hettergau around Herbede. + Betw. Ruhr
                                                                                & Lippe RR + Toxandria (Toxandria
                                                                                = Teisterbant area (in Dutch).) It is the
                                                                                drainage area of the Drommel R in N
                                                                                Brabant, extending E to the Peel Swamps, W
                                                                                to inlet of Schelde R. + Beyond Toxandria
                                                                                into Flanders. + Cambrai & Somme RR +
                                                                                Alsace & Palatinate. + Luxembourg,
                                                                                & along Mosel R into Rheinland-Pfalz,
                                                                                Hunsrueck, Saarland. *{900-579}*

900 580   486 496   N Franks          G {Betw. Yssel & Lower Lippe RR +     L
                                        Upper Wupper R + Area N of Lippe R
                                        + Xanthen including areas to the
                                        right of the Rhine R, the Ruhrgau
                                        around Duisburg & Menden, & the
                                        Hettergau around Herbede. + Betw.
                                        Ruhr & Lippe RR + Toxandria
                                        Toxandria
                                        = Teisterbant area (in Dutch). It       For consistency with (2-20) & (2-24).
                                        is the drainage area of the
                                        Drommel R in N Brabant, extending
                                        E to the Peel Swamps, W to inlet
                                        of Schelde R. + Beyond Toxandria
                                        into Flanders + Cambrai & Somme RR
                                        + Alsace & Palatinate.} +
                                        {Luxembourg,
                                        & along Mosel R into Rheinland-
                                        Pfalz, Hunsrueck, Saarland. +
                                        {Between Seine & Loire RR} *{900-
                                        579} + {2-20}*

  7  12   487 508   N Lombards        G Rugiland = Lower A, N of Danube R,  L
                                        between Vienna Woods and Enns R.
                                                                                End date to conform to (133-33). Acc/to (9-
                                                                                25), relatively small tribe constantly
                                                                                trying to augment their numbers through
                                                                                the addition of slaves.

  5   8   487 #     N Rugii           G Lower Moesia RP                     Q
                                                                                From Waldviertel & Weinviertel in Lower A.
                                                                                *{1-36}* Rugii beaten by Odoaker's
                                                                                brother, survivors escape to Moesia
                                                                                Inferior to join Ostrogoths.

 12  21   487 #     N Rugii           G N I                                 R
                                                                                From Waldviertel & Weinviertel in Lower A.
                                                                                *{1-36}* Can be part of population only
                                                                                (those taken prisoner), since other went
                                                                                to L. Moesia RP (cf. (133-24), (5-8)).

900 599   487 541   N Rugii           G {I (Modern Lombardy, Venetia,       L
                                        Tuscany, the so-called Marks,
                                        especially the fortress of Osimo S
                                        of Ancona, Dalmatia. Not in Alps
                                        or Lower Italy.)} *{1-44}*
                                                                                For consistency with (12-21), (900-598), &
                                                                                (12-22).

900 597   487 490   N Rugii           G {Lower Moesia RP} *{5-8}*           W
                                                                                With Ostrogoths acc/to (133-24) & (5-8).
                                                                                End date acc/to (1-44).

900 539   488 533   A Bayuvars        G {RP Noricum Ripense same as Upper   L
                                        A, W of Enns R.} *{12-152}*
                                                                                For consistency with (12-152) & (12-154).
                                                                                These were formerly called Marcomanni.

 12 152   488 533   A Marcomanni      G RP Noricum Ripense same as Upper    Q
                                        A, W of Enns R.
                                                                                From Bohemia. *{14-5}* These are called
                                                                                Bayuvars in original reference. The
                                                                                descent of Bayuvars from Marcomanni is not
                                                                                firmly established.

  5   7   488 #     N Romanics        I I                                   R
                                                                                Ref says 'much' of pop. was resettled in
                                                                                I. Coming from W Weinviertel in Lower A
                                                                                (see (137-3)).

  1  44   489 493   N Ostrogoths      G I (Modern Lombardy, Venetia,        M
                                        Tuscany, the so-called Marks,
                                        especially the fortress of Osimo S
                                        of Ancona, Dalmatia. Not in Alps
                                        or Lower Italy.)
                                                                                From Balkans. End date: death of Odoaker.
                                                                                20K warriors = 100K people.

 11  82   489 552   N Ostrogoths      G {I (Modern Lombardy, Venetia,       L
                                        Tuscany, the so-called Marks,
                                        especially the fortress of Osimo S
                                        of Ancona, Dalmatia. Not in Alps
                                        or Lower Italy.)} *{1-44}*
                                                                                At end date they were conquered and many
                                                                                deported by E. Romans (Byzantines).

900 598   489 493   N Rugii           G {I (Modern Lombardy, Venetia,       Q
                                        Tuscany, the so-called Marks,
                                        especially the fortress of Osimo S
                                        of Ancona, Dalmatia. Not in Alps
                                        or Lower Italy.)} *{1-44}*
                                                                                From Lower Moesia RP. *{5-8}* Accompanying
                                                                                Ostrogoths.

  2  25   496 #     A Alamanni        G Alpine Raetia area S of Bodensee    S
                                        (L. Constance) and nr Upper Rhine
                                        R.
                                                                                Part of tribe. Refugees from Franks.
                                                                                From Alsace, Palatinate, Worms, Rheingau,
                                                                                Aschaffenburg, Wuerzburg, Raetia W of
                                                                                Iller R +
                                                                                Basel, CH, + N, C, & E CH + Meuse R area,
                                                                                just W of Mosel R, around Foug, E F. +
                                                                                Borders: W is Rhine R, S is L Constance, E
                                                                                is Iller & Danube RR. N of Main R, the
                                                                                Rheingau and Wetterau. + + Dieuze, betw
                                                                                Rhine & Mosel RR, nr Seille
                                                                                R, Moselle Region, E F. + Troyes, on Seine
                                                                                R, F. + Auxerre, E F. + Autun, E F. +
                                                                                Marne R area of Champagne Region, F. - N
                                                                                part of territory. *{900-7}*
  2  26   496 #     A Alamanni        G Noricum                             S
                                                                                Part of tribe. Refugees from Franks. Also
                                                                                some Alan refugees.
                                                                                From Alsace, Palatinate, Worms, Rheingau,
                                                                                Aschaffenburg, Wuerzburg, Raetia W of
                                                                                Iller R +
                                                                                Basel, CH, + N, C, & E CH + Meuse R area,
                                                                                just W of Mosel R, around Foug, E F. +
                                                                                Borders: W is Rhine R, S is L Constance, E
                                                                                is Iller & Danube RR. N of Main R, the
                                                                                Rheingau and Wetterau. + + Dieuze, betw
                                                                                Rhine & Mosel RR, nr Seille
                                                                                R, Moselle Region, E F. + Troyes, on Seine
                                                                                R, F. + Auxerre, E F. + Autun, E F. +
                                                                                Marne R area of Champagne Region, F. - N
                                                                                part of territory. *{900-7}*
900   8   496 746   N Alamanni        G {Alpine Raetia area S of Bodensee   L
                                        (L. Constance) and nr Upper Rhine
                                        R.} + {Noricum.} *{2-25} + {2-26}*
                                                                                Assimilated by Franks.

197   7   496 #     N Franks          G Fritzlar-Waberner basin N of        C
                                        Knuell Mts & drained by Eder R,
                                        Kasseler basin adjacent in N, area
                                        of Diemel & Esse RR (Abb. 182).
                                                                                From betw. Yssel & Lower Lippe RR + Upper
                                                                                Wupper R + Area N of Lippe R + Xanthen
                                                                                including areas to the right of the Rhine
                                                                                R, the Ruhrgau around Duisburg & Menden, &
                                                                                the Hettergau around Herbede. + Betw. Ruhr
                                                                                & Lippe RR + Toxandria (Toxandria
                                                                                = Teisterbant area (in Dutch).) It is the
                                                                                drainage area of the Drommel R in N
                                                                                Brabant, extending E to the Peel Swamps, W
                                                                                to inlet of Schelde R. + Beyond Toxandria
                                                                                into Flanders. + Cambrai & Somme RR +
                                                                                Alsace & Palatinate. + Luxembourg,
                                                                                & along Mosel R into Rheinland-Pfalz,
                                                                                Hunsrueck, Saarland. + Between Seine &
                                                                                Loire RR. *{900-580}*

  2  24   496 497   N Franks          G Alaman Empire {(Alsace,             E
                                        Palatinate, Worms Rheingau,
                                        Aschaffenburg, Wuerzburg, Raetia W
                                        of Iller R, + Basel, CH, + N, C, &
                                        E CH + {Meuse R area, just W of
                                        Mosel R, around Foug, E F. +
                                        Borders: W is Rhine R, S is L
                                        Constance, E is Iller
                                        & Danube RR. N of Main R, the           From betw. Yssel & Lower Lippe RR + Upper
                                        Rheingau and Wetterau. + Dieuze,        Wupper R + Area N of Lippe R + Xanthen
                                        betw Rhine & Mosel RR, nr Seille        including areas to the right of the Rhine
                                        R, Moselle Region, E F. + Troyes,       R, the Ruhrgau around Duisburg & Menden, &
                                        on Seine R, F. + Auxerre, E F. +        the Hettergau around Herbede. + Betw. Ruhr
                                        Autun, E F. + Marne R area of           & Lippe RR + Toxandria (Toxandria
                                        Champagne Region, F. - N part of
                                        territory.)}
                                        *{900-7}*                               = Teisterbant area (in Dutch).) It is the
                                                                                drainage area of the Drommel R in N
                                                                                Brabant, extending E to the Peel Swamps, W
                                                                                to inlet of Schelde R. + Beyond Toxandria
                                                                                into Flanders. + Cambrai & Somme RR +
                                                                                Alsace & Palatinate. + Luxembourg,
                                                                                & along Mosel R into Rheinland-Pfalz,
                                                                                Hunsrueck, Saarland. + Between Seine &
                                                                                Loire RR. *{900-580}*

900 581   496 507   N Franks          G {Betw. Yssel & Lower Lippe RR +     L
                                        Upper Wupper R + Area N of Lippe R
                                        + Xanthen including areas to the
                                        right of the Rhine R, the Ruhrgau
                                        around Duisburg & Menden, & the
                                        Hettergau around Herbede. + Betw.
                                        Ruhr & Lippe RR + Toxandria
                                        Toxandria
                                        = Teisterbant area (in Dutch). It       For consistency with (2-24), (197-7) &
                                        is the drainage area of the             (166-18).
                                        Drommel R in N Brabant, extending
                                        E to the Peel Swamps, W to inlet
                                        of Schelde R. + Beyond Toxandria
                                        into Flanders + Cambrai & Somme RR
                                        + Alsace & Palatinate. +
                                        Luxembourg,
                                        & along Mosel R into Rheinland-
                                        Pfalz, Hunsrueck, Saarland. +
                                        Between Seine & Loire RR} +
                                        {Alaman Empire (Alsace,
                                        Palatinate, Worms Rheingau,
                                        Aschaffenburg, Wuerzburg, Raetia W
                                        of Iller R, + Basel, CH, + N, C, &
                                        E CH + Meuse R area, just
                                        W of Mosel R, around Foug, E F. +
                                        other areas}. See long record.
                                        *{900-580} + {2-24} + {197-7}*

232  24   500 550   A Alans           R Furthest part of Galicia            I
                                                                                By Suebi.

900  34   500 600   A Angles          G {GB: Norfolk & Suffolk + Along      M
                                        Thames R, nr Dorchester, Croydon,
                                        Mucking (Essex), Milton Regis
                                        (Kent), E coast: Rickborough,
                                        Caistor by Norwich.} *{900-30}*
                                                                                From Angeln area in Schleswig. *{900-29}*

234  80   500 600   A Antes           S Taman region                        S
                                                                                From the Lower Bug R (the one emptying
                                                                                into Black Sea). + From Desna R mouth &
                                                                                upper Donets R to upper Sluc & Goryn RR
                                                                                (near Rovno) & middle Dnestr R centered on
                                                                                middle Dnepr R. + W bank Dnestr R. *{900-
                                                                                45}*

900  79   500 #     A Avars           M W part of S Russian steppes         M
                                                                                Acc/to (169-47). Pushed there from C Asia
                                                                                by expansion of Turcic state acc/to (3-1).

900  85   500 850   A Avars           M {W part of S Russian steppes}       L
                                        *{900-79}*
                                                                                Amalgamated with surrounding peoples.

118   5   500 600   A Bersiti         S YU Macedonia                        S
                                                                                From NE.

 12  31   500 550   A Brioni          K Brenner Pass (Tyrol)                L
                                                                                Start date acc/to (1-45). Syn. Breoni.

114  15   500 900   A Byzantines      H Macedonia (YU, GR)                  I
                                                                                Merged with Macedonian Slavs.

 11 159   500 600   A Celts           K Galicia, Seine estuary              Q
                                                                                From Britain. A trickle.

234  81   500 1970  A Circassians     O S of Kuban R mouth                  L
                                                                                End date: still there. (Syn. Kasogi,
                                                                                Cherkessy.) They speak a Caucasian
                                                                                language acc/to ref 229.

900 731   500 600   A Czechi          S Betw Berounka and Ohre RR, due W    M
                                        of Prague, CS.
                                                                                Acc/to (302-44). From N in E PL (acc/to
                                                                                (19-22)). Implied since (19-22) talks
                                                                                about W. Slavs only. These are a Czech
                                                                                tribe.

900 733   500 900   A Czechi          S {Betw Berounka and Ohre RR, due W   L
                                        of Prague, CS.} *{900-731}*
                                                                                Start date to conform to (900-731). End
                                                                                date is arbitrary. No evidence for
                                                                                individual tribes after 900 AD. After that
                                                                                date we will group and call the Czech
                                                                                Slavs as Czechs, Moravians and Slovaks.
                                                                                Between 623-658 they were part of the
                                                                                Greater Moravian Empire.

114  11   500 1000  A Daco-Romans     I Macedonia (YU, GR)                  I
                                                                                Merged with Macedonian Slavs. Not all must
                                                                                have assimilated then. There is another
                                                                                mention in (114-22) of later
                                                                                assimilations. Some small pop. islands
                                                                                remain even today.

194  22   500 600   A Danes           G NL & Gaul                           A
                                                                                From Sjaelland, Skane, other areas of S +
                                                                                Jutland and rest of DK other than
                                                                                Sjaelland. *{900-622}*

170  15   500 #     A Danes           G Jutland and rest of DK other than   Q
                                        Sjaelland.
                                                                                From Sweden. *{30-1}* Rest of DK (islands)
                                                                                inferred, not explicitly stated in
                                                                                reference.

900 622   500 900   A Danes           G {Sjaelland, Skane, other areas of   L
                                        S } + {Jutland and rest of DK
                                        other than Sjaelland.} *{30-1} +
                                        {170-15}*
                                                                                Start date acc/to (170-15). End date
                                                                                acc/to (30-26).

900 738   500 600   A Decane          S E of Labe R, nr Decin, CS           M
                                                                                From N in E PL (acc/to (19-22)). Implied
                                                                                since (19-22) talks about W. Slavs only.
                                                                                These are a Czech tribe, but located very
                                                                                peripherally. *Location acc/to (302-50).*

900 742   500 900   A Decane          S {E of Labe R, nr Decin, CS} *{900-  L
                                        738}*
                                                                                Start date to conform to (900-738). End
                                                                                date is arbitrary. No evidence for
                                                                                individual tribes after 900 AD. After that
                                                                                date we will group and call the Czech
                                                                                Slavs as Czechs, Moravians and Slovaks.
                                                                                Between 623-658 they were part of the
                                                                                Greater Moravian Empire.

234  77   500 900   A Duljebi         S W Volhynia                          L
                                                                                End date is guess partly based on (234-
                                                                                165). About this time the Duljebi, in
                                                                                their various scattered locations must
                                                                                have been assimilated by the respective
                                                                                surrounding Slavic groups. These are E.
                                                                                Slavs acc/to F. Dvornik, The Slavs, 1956.

 12 110   500 650   A Frisians        G Betw. Ems R & Weser R               E
                                                                                From Frisia. Area vacated by Saxons who
                                                                                went to Britain. End date taken from (11-
                                                                                140).

 11 142   500 #     A Frisians        G East Anglia (England)               S
                                                                                From Frisia.

900 467   500 850   A Frisians        G {N NL} + {Betw. Ems R & Weser R.}   L
                                        *{181-7} + {12-110}*
                                                                                Acc/to (181-7) & (12-110).

 30   9   500 550   A Gutar           G E Baltic & E sea coast              Q
                                                                                From Goetland (Island off S). *{30-4}*

900 745   500 600   A Holasizi        S Around and W of Ostrava, along      M
                                        Odra R, (N Moravia, CS).
                                                                                From N in E PL (acc/to (19-22)). Implied
                                                                                since (19-22) talks about W. Slavs only.
                                                                                These are a Czech tribe. *Location acc/to
                                                                                (302-39).*

900 746   500 900   A Holasizi        S {Around and W of Ostrava, along     L
                                        Odra R, (N Moravia, CS).} *{900-
                                        745}*
                                                                                Start date to conform to (900-745). End
                                                                                date is arbitrary. No evidence for
                                                                                individual tribes after 900 AD. After that
                                                                                date we will group and call the Czech
                                                                                Slavs as Czechs, Moravians and Slovaks.
                                                                                Between 623-658 they were part of the
                                                                                Greater Moravian Empire. Probably syn.
                                                                                with Golensici.

114  14   500 1000  A Illyrians       Y Macedonia (YU, GR)                  I
                                                                                Merged with Macedonian Slavs. (This must
                                                                                be matched up later--during the gens-
                                                                                consistency check--with specific Illyrian
                                                                                tribes extant in this area, and will then
                                                                                serve to provide end dates for the
                                                                                location records of such tribes.)

 31  31   500 650   A Khazars         T N of Caucasus & Caspian             L
                                                                                Acc/to (234-84), mixed with original
                                                                                (Japhetide) stock, Sarmatians, Hunno-
                                                                                Bulgars & Ugrians.

900 792   500 1500  A Komi            F Between Upper Kama R & Ural mts,    L
                                        including Perm.
                                                                                This record was synthesized from several
                                                                                sources, incl (169-26), (169-27), the
                                                                                article on Uralic languages in the
                                                                                Encyclo- pedia Britannica, etc. This is
                                                                                the ancestral group to the Komi-Permyaks
                                                                                and Komi-Zyryans. Start date: guess to
                                                                                correspond with other Finnic tribes. End
                                                                                date: supposed split into the two groups
                                                                                speaking different dialects (169-29).

 13  48   500 600   A Korcak          S R, BG                               Q
                                                                                Dates based on Vana: World of Ancient
                                                                                Slavs, p.43. From NW Ukraine from Middle
                                                                                Dnepr R in the E, to Upper W Bug R in the
                                                                                W, from Pripet R in the N, to the area of
                                                                                the Dnepr R to the S Bug R in the S. *{13-
                                                                                46}*

 13  46   500 700   A Korcak          S NW Ukraine from Middle Dnepr R in   L
                                        the E, to Upper W Bug R in the W,
                                        from Pripet R in the N, to the
                                        area of the Dnepr R to the S Bug R
                                        in the S.
                                                                                Culture believed by D. T. Berezovec to
                                                                                have been produced by Drevljan tribe.
                                                                                Developed into Luka-Rajkoveckaja group.

 27 177   500 1970  A Kymry           K Wales                               L
                                                                                Formed from Britons and Ordovici who
                                                                                amalgamated. These are the direct
                                                                                ancestors of the Welsh. End date: still
                                                                                there.

900 737   500 600   A Lemuzi          S Around Most and Teplice, CS         M
                                                                                From N in E PL (acc/to (19-22)). Implied
                                                                                since (19-22) talks about W. Slavs only.
                                                                                These are a Czech tribe. *Location acc/to
                                                                                (302-49).*

900 741   500 900   A Lemuzi          S {Around Most and Teplice, CS}       L
                                        *{900-737}*
                                                                                Start date to conform to (900-737). End
                                                                                date is arbitrary. No evidence for
                                                                                individual tribes after 900 AD. After that
                                                                                date we will group and call the Czech
                                                                                Slavs as Czechs, Moravians and Slovaks.
                                                                                Between 623-658 they were part of the
                                                                                Greater Moravian Empire.

900 771   500 600   A Lucane          S Around Zatec, CS                    M
                                                                                From N in E PL (acc/to (19-22)). Implied
                                                                                since (19-22) talks about W. Slavs only.
                                                                                These are a Czech tribe. *Location
                                                                                information acc/to (302-47).*

900 772   500 900   A Lucane          S {Around Zatec, CS} *{900-771}*      L
                                                                                Start date to conform to (900-771). End
                                                                                date is arbitrary. No evidence for
                                                                                individual tribes after 900 AD. After that
                                                                                date we will group and call the Czech
                                                                                Slavs as Czechs, Moravians and Slovaks.
                                                                                Between 623-658 they were part of the
                                                                                Greater Moravian Empire.

 14   7   500 550   A Marcomanni      G Former RP Raetia along U Danube R   M
                                                                                From Bohemia + Lower A, N of Danube & S
                                                                                Moravia. *{14-5} + {900-528}*

169  34   500 900   A Mari            F W of Vetluga, in areas of Gorkij,   L
                                        Kirov, & part of Kostroma up to
                                        Unsa R.
                                                                                Syn. Cheremiss. Start date: guess to
                                                                                correspond with other Finnic tribes. End
                                                                                date: we assume they were displaced by
                                                                                Krivice.

900 743   500 600   A Moravians       S C & S Moravia (see map 302,         M
                                        Moravane), CS.
                                                                                From N in E PL (acc/to (19-22)). Implied
                                                                                since (19-22) talks about W. Slavs only.
                                                                                These are a Czech tribe. *Location acc/to
                                                                                (302-40).*

900 744   500 900   A Moravians       S {C & S Moravia (see map 302,        L
                                        Moravane), CS.} *{900-734}*
                                                                                Start date to conform to (900-743). End
                                                                                date is arbitrary. No evidence for
                                                                                individual tribes after 900 AD. After that
                                                                                date we will group and call the Czech
                                                                                Slavs as Czechs, Moravians and Slovaks.
                                                                                Between 623-658 they were part of the
                                                                                Greater Moravian Empire. (Syn. Mahrharii).

229  21   500 1970  A Mordvins        F Mordvin (Mordovskaja) ASSR,         L
                                        Chuvash ASSR, Tatar ASSR. Also
                                        Penza area (acc/to (169-35)).
                                                                                Start date: guess to correspond to other
                                                                                Finnic tribes. End date: still there. In
                                                                                Mordvin ASSR 339K, in Chuvash ASSR 20K, in
                                                                                Tatar ASSR 30K. Consists of 3 subtribes:
                                                                                Ersja (Erzas), Moksha & Terjukhans.

900 681   500 #     A Obodrites       S W Mecklenburg Region, DDR. (For     Q
                                        more precise outline see ref 302,
                                        yellow area labeled Obodriti.)
                                                                                Date is compromise between this reference
                                                                                and frontpaper of ref 14. Not known from
                                                                                where they came, but these are Obodrites
                                                                                in the Alfoeld (map 302). Into the area
                                                                                vacated by Germanic tribes. This is an
                                                                                aggregation of tribes incl. Obodriti
                                                                                (sensu stricto), Vagrove, Varnove, Linane,
                                                                                Brezane, Dosane, Drevane, Polabane, whose
                                                                                separate locations can be found on map
                                                                                302. Although Polabane is given as a
                                                                                subgroup above, Polabians are given as a
                                                                                major group consisting of Obodrites
                                                                                (sensu lato) & Lutici (Wilcy) in E. Vana:
                                                                                The World of Ancient Slavs says that while
                                                                                Germanics left earlier, land was
                                                                                unihabited for some time. He places
                                                                                arrival of Slavs in 7th C. (Syn.
                                                                                Abodrites).

900 682   500 1200  A Obodrites       S {W Mecklenburg Region, DDR. (For    L
                                        more precise outline see ref 302,
                                        yellow area labeled Obodriti.) }
                                        *{900-681}*
                                                                                Acc/to many refs, e.g. (14-24), and its
                                                                                chronology. Start date for consistency
                                                                                with (900-681), end date last mentioned
                                                                                dates in ref 14 chronology. This is an
                                                                                aggregation of tribes incl. Obodriti
                                                                                (sensu stricto), Vagrove, Varnove, Linane,
                                                                                Brezane, Dosane, Drevane, Polabane, whose
                                                                                separate locations can be found on map 302.

 11  40   500 600   A Old Turks       T E of Volga R                        L

900 506   500 #     A Ostrogoths      G {Swiss part of Raetia (RP)} *{178-  Q
                                        11}*
                                                                                For consistency with (178-11). From I.
                                                                                (Modern Lombardy, Venetia, Tuscany, the so-
                                                                                called Marks, especially the fortress of
                                                                                Osimo S of Ancona, Dalmatia. Not in Alps
                                                                                or Lower Italy.) *{1-44}* Ref calls them
                                                                                Goths, but (11-82) implies they
                                                                                were Ostrogoths.

178  11   500 530   A Ostrogoths      G Swiss part of Raetia (RP)           L

 32  23   500 #     A Pomorane        S Betw Oder R & Vistula R along E     M
                                        sea coast. (See map 302 for S
                                        boundary. There are 2 types of
                                        stippling to represent them.)
                                                                                Date is compromise between this reference
                                                                                and frontpaper of ref 14. Not known from
                                                                                where they came, but ref 14 frontpaper
                                                                                shows them as coming from S. Into the area
                                                                                vacated by Germanic Germanic tribes. (Syn.
                                                                                Pomorzanie).

900 685   500 1100  A Pomorane        S {Betw Oder R & Vistula R along E    L
                                        sea coast. (See map 302 for S
                                        boundary. There are 2 types of
                                        stippling to represent them.)}
                                        *{32-23}*
                                                                                Start date to conform to (32-23). End date
                                                                                is conservative. There was much German
                                                                                immigration in 12th C, but W & C Pomerania
                                                                                ruled by Poles until 17th C. E Pomerania
                                                                                conquered by Teutonic Knights in 1308-
                                                                                1454, reconquered by PL, then
                                                                                annexed by by Prussia in 1772. Modern
                                                                                Pomerania, W in DDR, C & E in PL (source
                                                                                from E).

900 736   500 600   A Psovane         S Betw Labe and Jizera RR due N of    M
                                        Prague, CS.
                                                                                From N in E PL (acc/to (19-22)). Implied
                                                                                since (19-22) talks about W. Slavs only.
                                                                                These are a Czech tribe. *Location acc/to
                                                                                (302-46).*

900 740   500 900   A Psovane         S {Betw Labe and Jizera RR due N of   L
                                        Prague, CS.} *{900-736}*
                                                                                Start date to conform to (900-736). End
                                                                                date is arbitrary. No evidence for
                                                                                individual tribes after 900 AD. After that
                                                                                date we will group and call the Czech
                                                                                Slavs as Czechs, Moravians and Slovaks.
                                                                                Between 623-658 they were part of the
                                                                                Greater Moravian Empire.

169  50   500 1000  A Sarmatians      R Lower course Volga                  L
                                                                                Part of Khazar population substrate.
                                                                                Lowered start date to 500 from 700 to
                                                                                correct.

900 670   500 #     A Sclavini        S Lower Danube R (E Valachia,         Q
                                        coastal Moldavia, ROM).
                                                                                Acc/to (234-49). Detailed locations acc/to
                                                                                (32-26) & Putzger, p.37/II (Sklowenen).
                                                                                From area betw Carpathian Mts & Mid Dnepr
                                                                                R, chiefly in Kiev region. *{234-49}*

900 671   500 600   A Sclavini        S {Lower Danube R (E Valachia,        L
                                        coastal Moldavia, ROM).} *{900-
                                        670}*
                                                                                For consistency with (900-670) and (51-82).

900 735   500 600   A Sedlcane        S Around Karlovy Vary, CS             M
                                                                                From N in E PL (acc/to (19-22)). Implied
                                                                                since (19-22) talks about W. Slavs only.
                                                                                These are a Czech tribe. *Location acc/to
                                                                                (302-48).*

900 739   500 900   A Sedlcane        S {Around Karlovy Vary, CS} *{900-    L
                                        735}*
                                                                                Start date to conform to (900-735). End
                                                                                date is arbitrary. No evidence for
                                                                                individual tribes after 900 AD. After that
                                                                                date we will group and call the Czech
                                                                                Slavs as Czechs, Moravians and Slovaks.
                                                                                Between 623-658 they were part of the
                                                                                Greater Moravian Empire.

 33   8   500 550   A Slavs           S Left bank Danube R from Iron Gate   Q
                                        to its mouth.
                                                                                From Danube R delta. Confirmed by Vana:
                                                                                The World of Ancient Slavs, map on p.40.
                                                                                No evidence how long they stayed there.

123  26   500 600   A Slavs           S Dacia (former RP) (up to Danube R). Q
                                                                                From area betw Oder, Dnepr & Vistula RR
                                                                                and Carpathian Mts.

174   1   500 650   A Slavs           S {W boundary Tisza R; W Tisza R E    Q
                                        to Upper Pruth R on E side of
                                        Carpathian Mts; along Pruth
                                        downstream to Leovo, E across
                                        Bessarabia to Dnestr R. Downstream
                                        along Dnestr to Black Sea. S
                                        border not stated by author but
                                        probably not quite
                                        up to modern S border of BG.            From area betw Lower Danube & Dnestr RR.
                                        (Included Pliska, Preslav,              Start date by inference and also from
                                        Adrianople). - Sofia, Adrianople}       Vana: The World of Ancient Slavs, p.43.
                                        *{900-657}*                             End date is guess based on Vana: The World
                                                                                of Ancient Slavs, map on p. 40, and
                                                                                supposition that Slavs were in place
                                                                                when the Bulgars arrived in 680 AD.

900 778   500 805   A Slavs           S {W boundary Tisza R; W Tisza R E    L
                                        to Upper Pruth R on E side of
                                        Carpathian Mts; along Pruth
                                        downstream to Leovo, E across
                                        Bessarabia to Dnestr R. Downstream
                                        along Dnestr to Black Sea. S
                                        border not stated by author but
                                        probably not quite
                                        up to modern S border of BG.            Start date to conform to (174-1), end date
                                        (Included Pliska, Preslav,              to conform to (900-657).
                                        Adrianople). - Sofia, Adrianople}
                                        *{900-657}*

900 749   500 600   A Slovaks         S Slovakia, S of Carpathian Mts (see  M
                                        map 302).
                                                                                Location acc/to (302-41). Vana: The World
                                                                                of Ancient Slavs p.35 suggests they might
                                                                                have reached E Slovakia as early as first
                                                                                half of 5th C. From N in E PL (acc/to (19-
                                                                                22)). Implied since (19-22) talks about W.
                                                                                Slavs only. These are
                                                                                a Czech tribe.

900 750   500 1050  A Slovaks         S {Slovakia, S of Carpathian Mts      L
                                        (see map 302).} *{900-749}*
                                                                                Start date to conform to (900-749). End
                                                                                date is last date given on Czech Atlas map
                                                                                52.

148   9   500 #     A Sorbs           S Saale R area                        M
                                                                                From Labe (Elbe) R in Bohemia. Date
                                                                                approximate confirmed by (32-21). Into the
                                                                                area vacated by Germanic tribes.

900 677   500 850   A Sorbs           S {Saale R area} *{148-9}*            L
                                                                                To conform to (148-9) and (14-30). See
                                                                                also under Serbs (51-112). May include
                                                                                Sorbs from Bohemia as well as Lausitz
                                                                                Sorbs from Nieder-Lausitz. Date when
                                                                                assimilated by Germanic speakers not
                                                                                found, but no Slavic speakers located there
                                                                                today.

900 222   500 600   A Sukow-Szeligi   G C Pommerania, Lower & C Vistula     L
                                        area. + Elbe R, Gulf of Luebeck &
                                        E Holstein. (See map 7 in ref 148
                                        (circles).)
                                                                                Acc/to (148-3), (148-4). These are
                                                                                Germanic rest populations together with
                                                                                immigrant Slavs.

900 639   500 600   A Swedes          G Mouth of Western Dvina (Daugava)    S
                                        R, Latvia (SU).
                                                                                Additional info acc/to (234-126). From S.

114  12   500 1000  A Thracians       P Macedonia (YU, GR)                  I
                                                                                Merged with Macedonian Slavs.

900 296   500 600   A Thracians       P Serbia                              L
                                                                                To accomodate (114-34).

900 297   500 700   A Thracians       P BG                                  L
                                                                                To accomodate (114-5).

 12 173   500 #     A Thuringians     G Land betw Werra R, the Thuringian   E
                                        Forest, Mulde, Elbe, Ohre, Aller,
                                        Oker RR, and the Kaufunger and
                                        Seulings forests.
                                                                                From Thuringia. (In S they settle along
                                                                                Naab & Regen RR, pushing aside the Naristi
                                                                                who lived there then. In the N they
                                                                                expanded across the Harz up to Oker and
                                                                                Ohre RR and absorbed rests of Cherusci &
                                                                                Harudi.) *{12-172}*

900 524   500 750   A Thuringians     G {Land betw Werra R, the Thuringian  L
                                        Forest, Mulde, Elbe, Ohre, Aller,
                                        Oker RR, and the Kaufunger and
                                        Seulings forests.} *{12-173}*
                                                                                To conform with (12-173). End date acc/to
                                                                                (357-5).

169  31   500 1970  A Udmurts         F Udmurtian ASSR; also adjacent       L
                                        areas of Bashkiria, Perm,Kirov
                                        (see Fig 11).
                                                                                Start date: guess to correspond with other
                                                                                Finnic tribes. End date: still there.
                                                                                Udmurtian ASSR (476 K), Bashkiria (25 K),
                                                                                Perm (28 K), Kirov (50 K). Syn. Votyaks.

900 679   500 625   A Veleti          S E portion of Mecklemburg, all of    M
                                        Brandenburg (DDR). (For more
                                        precise outline see ref 302, red
                                        stippled area labeled Veleti=
                                        Lutici.)
                                                                                Dates are compromise between (32-22) and
                                                                                frontpaper map in ref 14, supported by (33-
                                                                                9) & (192-6). From SE, possibly area of H.
                                                                                Into the area vacated by Germanic tribes.

900 683   500 1200  A Veleti          S {E portion of Mecklemburg, all of   L
                                        Brandenburg (DDR). (For more
                                        precise outline see ref 302, red
                                        stippled area labeled Veleti=
                                        Lutici.)} *{900-679}*
                                                                                Start date to conform to (900-679). End
                                                                                date last mention of Veleti in chronology
                                                                                of ref 14. (Syn. Lutici, Wilzen). This is
                                                                                an aggregation of tribes including
                                                                                Chyzini, Crespenane, Dolenci, Ratari,
                                                                                Ukrane, Recane, Moricane, Havolane,
                                                                                Sprevane, & Lubusane, whose separate
                                                                                location could be found on map 302. There
                                                                                is some evidence in ref 14 that Havolane =
                                                                                Heveller = Stodorane may be a relatively
                                                                                major group of equal rank to Veleti. But
                                                                                E article on Polabians mentions
                                                                                them as subgroups of Lutici (Lutycy) or
                                                                                Wilzen (Wilcy).

900 732   500 600   A Zlicane         S Betw Labe and Sazava RR, due E of   M
                                        Prague, CS.
                                                                                Acc/to (302-43). From N in E PL (acc/to
                                                                                (19-22)). Implied since (19-22) talks
                                                                                about W. Slavs only. These are a Czech
                                                                                tribe.

900 734   500 900   A Zlicane         S {Betw Labe and Sazava RR, due E of  L
                                        Prague, CS.} *{900-732}*
                                                                                Start date to conform to (900-732). End
                                                                                date is arbitrary. No evidence for
                                                                                individual tribes after 900 AD. After that
                                                                                date we will group and call the Czech
                                                                                Slavs as Czechs, Moravians and Slovaks.
                                                                                Between 623-658 they were part of the
                                                                                Greater Moravian Empire.

 12   6   504 #     N Gepidae         G Gaul                                R
                                                                                From Sirmium (and intervening area, RP
                                                                                Pannonia II, YU). *{12-5}*  By East Goths.

900 569   504 #     N Gepidae         G {Sirmium (and intervening area, RP  T
                                        Pannonia II, YU).} *{12-5}*
                                                                                To North Dacia in wooded & mountainous
                                                                                areas, neighbors of W. Goths. (W corner of
                                                                                Ukraine, betw Uzgorod & Chust.) + Maros,
                                                                                Tisza & Koerces RR (Alfoeld, H). + Part of
                                                                                Transilvania, R. *{900-567}* (This is (900-
                                                                                568) - (12-5).) Acc/to (12-7). Displaced
                                                                                by Ostrogoths.

900 570   504 600   A Gepidae         G {North Dacia in wooded &            L
                                        mountainous areas, neighbors of W.
                                        Goths. (W corner of Ukraine, betw
                                        Uzgorod & Chust.) + Maros, Tisza &
                                        Koerces RR (Alfoeld, H). + Part of
                                        Transilvania, R} *{900-567}*
                                                                                For consistency with (900-569) & (18-5).

124   7   504 #     N Ostrogoths      G Pannonia II RP later Sirmia &       C
                                        Slavonia. Betw. Danube, Drave &
                                        Save RR.
                                                                                From I (Modern Lombardy, Venetia, Tuscany,
                                                                                the so-called Marks, especially the
                                                                                fortress of Osimo S of Ancona, Dalmatia.
                                                                                Not in Alps or Lower Italy.) *{11-82}*
                                                                                Note: This is Pannonia II, even though
                                                                                ref. calls this their ancient homeland.
                                                                                Our earlier sources (110-67) placed them
                                                                                in Pannonia I.

900 497   504 552   N Ostrogoths      G {Pannonia II RP later Sirmia &      L
                                        Slavonia. Betw. Danube, Drave &
                                        Save RR.} *{124-7}*
                                                                                For consistency with (124-7). End date
                                                                                problematical. Ref 1 says that Gepids
                                                                                reconquered area in 536, but some Goths
                                                                                must have stayed & become assimilated.

166  18   507 #     N Franks          G Tolosanic Empire (around)           C
                                        Toulouse, from Loire R to Pyrenees.
                                                                                From betw. Yssel & Lower Lippe RR + Upper
                                                                                Wupper R + Area N of Lippe R + Xanthen
                                                                                including areas to the right of the Rhine
                                                                                R, the Ruhrgau around Duisburg & Menden, &
                                                                                the Hettergau around Herbede. + Betw. Ruhr
                                                                                & Lippe RR + Toxandria (Toxandria
                                                                                = Teisterbant area (in Dutch).) It is the
                                                                                drainage area of the Drommel R in N
                                                                                Brabant, extending E to the Peel Swamps, W
                                                                                to inlet of Schelde R. + Beyond Toxandria
                                                                                into Flanders. + Cambrai & Somme RR +
                                                                                Alsace & Palatinate. + Luxembourg,
                                                                                & along Mosel R into Rheinland-Pfalz,
                                                                                Hunsrueck, Saarland. + Between Seine &
                                                                                Loire RR. + Alaman Empire (Alsace,
                                                                                Palatinate, Worms Rheingau, Aschaffenburg,
                                                                                Wuerzburg, Raetia W of Iller R, + Basel,
                                                                                CH, + N, C, & E CH + Meuse R area, just
                                                                                W of Mosel R, around Foug, E F. + Borders:
                                                                                W is Rhine R, S is L Constance, E is Iller
                                                                                & Danube RR. N of Main R, the Rheingau and
                                                                                Wetterau. + more comment; see long record.
                                                                                *{900-581}*
900 582   507 531   N Franks          G {Betw. Yssel & Lower Lippe RR +     L
                                        Upper Wupper R + Area N of Lippe R
                                        + Xanthen including areas to the
                                        right of the Rhine R, the Ruhrgau
                                        around Duisburg & Menden, & the
                                        Hettergau around Herbede. + Betw.
                                        Ruhr & Lippe RR + Toxandria
                                        Toxandria
                                        = Teisterbant area (in Dutch). It       For consistency with (166-18) & (900-583).
                                        is the drainage area of the
                                        Drommel R in N Brabant, extending
                                        E to the Peel Swamps, W to inlet
                                        of Schelde R. + Beyond Toxandria
                                        into Flanders + Cambrai & Somme RR
                                        + Alsace & Palatinate. +
                                        Luxembourg,
                                        & along Mosel R into Rheinland-
                                        Pfalz, Hunsrueck, Saarland. +
                                        Between Seine & Loire RR + Alaman
                                        Empire (Alsace, Palatinate, Worms
                                        Rheingau, Aschaffenburg,
                                        Wuerzburg, Raetia W of Iller R, +
                                        Basel, CH, + N, C, & E CH + Meuse
                                        R area, just
                                        W of Mosel R, around Foug, E F. +
                                        other areas}. See long record.
                                        *{900-581} + {166-18}*

900 504   507 #     N Visigoths       G E less Galicia                      M
                                                                                From the Pyrenees to Loire R, from
                                                                                Atlantic Ocean to Rhone R & from E of that
                                                                                R in the region reaching just to the Alps,
                                                                                comprising that area between the Durance
                                                                                and the Mediterranean Sea. *{17-45}*
                                                                                Acc/to (11-74), (53-46), (167-13).
                                                                                Exception of Galicia to conform to (11-
                                                                                75). Acc/to (11-74), by middle of 6th C
                                                                                Gothic language died out. 70-80K Visigoths
                                                                                entered E.

 12  28   508 512   A E. Heruli       G Dacia Ripensis RP                   Q
                                                                                Parts of E. Eruli, beaten by Lombards,
                                                                                mistreated by Gepids, resettled by Romans.
                                                                                They provided many mercenaries for the
                                                                                Roman armies. From S Moravia & Lower A W
                                                                                of March R up to Vienna. Also betw March
                                                                                and Eipel (Ipel) RR (in Slovakia;
                                                                                acc/to ref (12-26)). *{1-37}*

 30   6   508 #     A E. Heruli       G Vaestergoetland                     Q
                                                                                From S Moravia & Lower A W of March R up
                                                                                to Vienna. Also betw March and Eipel
                                                                                (Ipel) RR (in Slovakia; acc/to ref (12-
                                                                                26)). *{1-37}* Start date acc/to several
                                                                                other sources (e.g. (133-31)). Ref (133-
                                                                                31) says they were the majority of
                                                                                the E. Heruli.

133  32   508 #     N E. Heruli       G Moesia Inferior RP                  Q
                                                                                Part of people. From S Moravia & Lower A W
                                                                                of March R up to Vienna. Also betw March
                                                                                and Eipel (Ipel) RR (in Slovakia; acc/to
                                                                                ref (12-26)). *{1-37}*

148  10   508 510   N E. Heruli       G Tisza R area                        Q
                                                                                From S Moravia & Lower A W of March R up
                                                                                to Vienna. Also betw March and Eipel
                                                                                (Ipel) RR (in Slovakia; acc/to ref (12-
                                                                                26)). *{1-37}* Join Gepidae.

133  33   508 #     N Lombards        G L A (E Weinviertel) & S Morava &    E
                                        both sides of March R up to Danube
                                        R.
                                                                                From Rugiland = Lower A, N of Danube R,
                                                                                between Vienna Woods and Enns R. *{7-12}*
                                                                                Displaced the Heruli.

900 517   508 526   N Lombards        G {Rugiland = Lower A, N of Danube    L
                                        R, between Vienna Woods and Enns
                                        R.} + {L A (E Weinviertel) & S
                                        Morava & both sides of March R up
                                        to Danube R.} *{7-12} + {133-33}*
                                                                                For consistency with (133-33) & (5-15).

900 563   512 550   A E. Heruli       G {Dacia Ripensis RP} *{12-28}*       L
                                                                                For consistency with (12-28) & (12-30).

 40 114   525 602   N Antes           S Thracia & Moesia inf RP (The newly  A
                                        reorganized (284-305) Diocese
                                        Thracia. See ref 40, fig 22.).
                                                                                From the Lower Bug R (the one emptying
                                                                                into Black Sea). + From Desna R mouth &
                                                                                upper Donets R to upper Sluc & Goryn RR
                                                                                (near Rovno) & middle Dnestr R centered on
                                                                                middle Dnepr R. + W bank Dnestr R. *{900-
                                                                                45}*

  3   1   525 #     A Avars           M N of Caucasus Mts                   M
                                                                                Pushed there from C Asia by expansion of
                                                                                Turcic state.

900  80   525 558   A Avars           M Mouth of Danube R 'Scythian         Q
                                        Lands', + Black Sea N shore, W
                                        area, W of Dnepr R.
                                                                                Acc/to (3-3), (7-7). From W part of S
                                                                                Russian steppes. *{169-47}*

900  86   525 850   A Avar