REF REC START END GENS L LOCATION A COMMENTS
385 38 -1475 -1300 A Appenine U I, see map 15a (33); L
"Archeologicky Atlas Evropy A
Ceskoslovenska."
Ref (168-11) gives later time: end of 2nd
millenium.
385 21 -1475 -1250 N BalticBronze II U NE PL, Latvia, Lithuania, L
Belorussia, see map 15a (17);
"Archeologicky Atlas Evropy A
Ceskoslovenska."
Full name: Baltic Bronze Age II.
385 35 -1475 -1250 N Kiukais U S & W coast SF & Estonia, see map L
15a (30); "Archeologicky Atlas
Evropy A Ceskoslovenska."
Culture. Start date interpolated between
this record and (384-33). Apparent
expansion over (383-46). Syn. Kiukainen.
385 20 -1475 -1100 N Log Hut U {Area betw Ural & Dnepr RR incl L
Crimea, S SU} + area along Black
Sea coast W of Dnepr R. (See maps
14a (22), 15a (16); "Archeologicky
Atlas Evropy A Ceskoslovenska.")
*{384-30} + area along Black Sea*
*coast W of Dnepr R *
Start date interpolated between (384-30)
and this record. End date acc/to (386-34).
Syn. "Srubova" culture.
385 12 -1475 -1300 N N. Early Bronze U DK, NW D, S S, SE corner of N, see L
map 15a (9); "Archeologicky Atlas
Evropy A Ceskoslovenska."
Culture. Full name: Northern Early Bronze
Age.
385 39 -1475 -1300 N Polada U N I, S coast of F, see map 15a L
(34); "Archeologicky Atlas Evropy
A Ceskoslovenska."
Start date interpolated between (384-49)
and this record. Apparent expansion over
(384-49). Culture synonym: "Terramare"
acc/to authors.
224 5 -1470 # A Hittites A Aleppo C
From Halys R area, around Ankara, TR +
Khattusha in Khatti, AM (approx. from
Kizil Irmak R (R Halys) & the plain of
Konya in W to mts in Malatya region in E).
*{900-214}*
900 216 -1470 -1405 A Hittites A {Halys R area, around Ankara, TR + L
Khattusha in Khatti, AM (approx.
from Kizil Irmak R (R Halys) & the
plain of Konya in W to mts in
Malatya region in E). + Syria, N
of Aleppo & W of Euphrates R.} +
{Aleppo} *{900-215} + {224-5}*
Lose Syria to Mitanni in -1405.
21 6 -1450 # A Achaeans H Rhodos, Milet, Cos & Colophon, C
Melos, Samos.
From Greek mainland.
13 6 -1450 -1200 A MDMGC U Middle course of Danube & L
bordering Czech areas.
Full name: Middle Danube mound grave
culture. (The abbrev. MDMGC has been added
to the people synonyms list.)
220 4 -1430 # N Hurrians O Konya Plain (AM) (see Figure, p. A
816, ref 224)
From E TR,N Syria and possibly NW Iran +
NW Syria + AM (that part called Cappadocia
in Hellenistic times) + S part (Cilicia)
of AM. *{220-3}*
900 217 -1405 # A Hittites A {Aleppo} + {Syria, N of Aleppo & W T
of Euphrates R} *{224-5} + {311-
24}*
To Halys R area, around Ankara, TR +
Khattusha in Khatti, AM (approx. from
Kizil Irmak R (R Halys) & the plain of
Konya in W to mts in Malatya region in E).
+ Syria, N of Aleppo & W of Euphrates R. +
Aleppo - [Aleppo + Syria, N of Aleppo
& W of Euphrates R.] *{900-218}* Rest
conquered by Mitanni.
900 218 -1405 -1370 N Hittites A {Halys R area, around Ankara, TR + L
Khattusha in Khatti, AM (approx.
from Kizil Irmak R (R Halys) & the
plain of Konya in W to mts in
Malatya region in E). + Syria, N
of Aleppo & W of Euphrates R. +
Aleppo - [ Aleppo + Syria, N of
Aleppo
& W of Euphrates R. ]} *{900-
216} - * *[{224-5} + {311-24}]*
385 24 -1400 -1300 A Abashevo U Area nr & E of Moscow, betw Oka & L
Volga RR, & Kama R area, SU, see
map 15a (20,20a); "Archeologicky
Atlas Evropy A Ceskoslovenska."
179 15 -1400 -1100 A Barrow Graves U From Rhine R to Carpathian basin & L
(acc/to 116-1) from CSSR in N to
YU in S.
Use maps on p. 114/115 of article (ref)
116.
385 46 -1400 -1250 N Cinerary Urns U GB, Ireland, excl S England, see L
map 15a (40); "Archeologicky Atlas
Evropy A Ceskoslovenska."
Culture. End date interpolated between
this record and (386-22). Also includes
"Food Vessel" culture.
385 15 -1400 -1300 N Coslogeni U SE ROM & NE BG, see map 15a (13); L
"Archeologicky Atlas Evropy A
Ceskoslovenska."
Including Late Tei culture.
38 9 -1400 -1100 A Fatjanovo B E along Volga R & its tributaries, E
lower Oka, Sura, lower Vjatka,
lower Kama RR.
From C Russia (maps 12a(x) & 14a(26), CS
Atlas). *{172-37}*
385 7 -1400 -1100 N Glasinac U C YU, see map 15a (5); L
"Archeologicky Atlas Evropy A
Ceskoslovenska."
Culture. Labelled Glasinac I between 1400
and 1300 BC. End date acc/to (386-9) which
also lists an Illyrian region.
385 44 -1400 -1250 N Hilversum U N B, S NL, see map 15a (39); L
"Archeologicky Atlas Evropy A
Ceskoslovenska."
Culture.
900 219 -1400 # A Hittites A {Cyprus} *{222-6}* C
Acc/ to (222-6). From the Halys R area,
around Ankara, TR + Khattusha in Khatti,
AM (approx. from Kizil Irmak R (R Halys) &
the plain of Konya in W to mts in Malatya
region in E). + Syria, N of Aleppo & W of
Euphrates R. + Aleppo - [Aleppo
+ Syria, N of Aleppo & W of Euphrates R.].
*{900-218}*
222 6 -1400 -1200 A Hittites A Cyprus L
Souzerainty (suzerainty?) only.
385 25 -1400 -1250 N Late Jakov U Oka & Moksa RR area, see map 15a L
(21); "Archeologicky Atlas Evropy
A Ceskoslovenska."
Culture. End date interpolated between
this record and (386-36).
385 48 -1400 -1300 N MiddleBronzeAge U Iberia (except SE), W F (except L
Brittany), see map 15a (41);
"Archeologicky Atlas Evropy A
Ceskoslovenska."
Full culture name: Border groups of the
Middle Bronze Age.
385 8 -1400 -1250 N Mound Grave U C F, D, CS, W H, NE YU, see map 15 L
a (6a-g); "Archeologicky Atlas
Evropy A Ceskoslovenska."
Culture. End date interpolation between
this record and (386-21). Syn.
Huegelgraeber. Believed by (27-3) to have
been Proto-Celtic.
21 3 -1400 # A Mycenaeans H Crete S
From Greek mainland (Mycenae and
surrounding areas). Added to original
population.
900 278 -1400 -1000 A Mysians P Rhyndakos & Makestos RV modern S
Adirnas Tschai & Susorlu Tschai
RV. (This is NW AM, see Mysia,
p.16, Putzger/Lendl/Wagner Atlas.)
+ Caicus (Bakir) RV
Acc/to (39-6). They came in waves from SE
Balkans. *{39-4}*
900 279 -1400 -800 A Mysians P {Rhyndakos & Makestos RV modern L
Adirnas Tschai & Susorlu Tschai
RV. (This is NW AM, see Mysia,
p.16, Putzger/Lendl/Wagner Atlas.)
+ Caicus (Bakir) RV} *{900-278}*
Acc/to (39-6) and (224-36). We assume that
they existed in all of Mysia, not just
Bakir RV.
385 16 -1400 -1300 N Nova U Transylvania & Moldavia, ROM & SU, L
see map
15a(14);"ArcheologickyAtlas Evropy
A Ceskoslovenska."
Including Late Monteoru & Costisa cultures.
385 10 -1400 -1300 N OlderBronzeAge U N D, NL, see map 15a (8); L
"Archeologicky Atlas Evropy A
Ceskoslovenska."
Culture. Gens includes "Ilmenau-Lueneburg"
and "older Soegel" groups. Full name:
Older Bronze Age.
901 97 -1400 -1300 A Paeones U {EC Macedonia (Mid-Vardar R plain) T
+ Beyond Vardar R thru plain to
Ludias R, then into Eordaea,
Lyncus & finally Pelagonia. Up
Vardar R to Stobi} -
{EC Macedonia (Mid-Vardar R To EC Macedonia (Mid-Vardar R plain).
plain)} *{901-98} - {47-23]* *{901-99}* Acc/to ref 47, same paragraph
as (47-24).
901 99 -1400 -1150 A Paeones U {EC Macedonia (Mid-Vardar R L
plain)} *{47-23}*
Start date to conform to (901-97). End
date to conform to (901-100). This record
inserted to assure continuance of the
Paeones. See (47-56).
385 14 -1400 -1100 N Pilin U Border region betw Slovakia & H L
betw Danube knee & Tisza R, see
map 15a (12); "Archeologicky Atlas
Evropy A Ceskoslovenska."
Culture. End date acc/to (386-7).
385 13 -1400 -1300 N Potisi U H & W R, E of Tisza R,see map 15a L
(11); "Archeologicky Atlas Evropy
A Ceskoslovenska."
Reference is to groups in Potisi,
Felsoeszoecs, Egyek.
385 4 -1400 -1300 N Raskopanica U C & S BG, see map 15a (2); L
"Archeologicky Atlas Evropy A
Ceskoslovenska."
Culture.
214 1 -1400 -1200 A Sherden U Sardinia M
Probably from Cyprus (acc/to ref 214) or
from Hermus region of AM E of Chios Is.
not from Sardinia (acc/to (225-8)).
385 37 -1400 -1300 N Thapsos U Sicily, see map 15a (32); L
"Archeologicky Atlas Evropy A
Ceskoslovenska."
Culture.
128 4 -1400 # A Thracians P GR A
From SE Balkans (mostly BG). *{900-289}*
385 27 -1400 -1300 N Turbino-Sejmin U Area betw Vologdar Perm, C SU,see L
map 15a (23); "Archeologicky Atlas
Evropy A Ceskoslovenska."
Culture.
385 30 -1400 -1300 N Uzmen U L Dvina R area, NE Belorussia, see L
map 15a (25a); "Archeologicky
Atlas Evropy A Ceskoslovenska."
Culture.
901 88 -1380 -1000 A Hurrians O {E TR,N Syria and possibly NW Iran IB
+ NW Syria + AM (that part called
Cappadociain Hellenistic times) +
S part (Cilicia) of AM} - {N of
Assyria, around Lake Van} *{220-
3} - {312-6}*
Acc/to Encyclopaedia Brittanica. Start
date to conform to (220-3); end date
acc/to E.
312 6 -1380 -585 A Hurrians O N of Assyria, around Lake Van L
Start date acc/to Ploetz p. 56; end date
conquest by Medes acc/to Ploetz p. 310.
Predominant ethnic group, states coalesced
into Urartu Kingdom.
224 8 -1370 # N Hittites A Damascus A
From Halys R area, around Ankara, TR +
Khattusha in Khatti, AM (approx. from
Kizil Irmak R (R Halys) & the plain of
Konya in W to mts in Malatya region in E).
+ Syria, N of Aleppo & W of Euphrates R. +
Aleppo - [Aleppo + Syria, N of
Aleppo & W of Euphrates R.]. *{900-218}*
217 2 -1370 # A Hittites A Mitanni betw Euphrates R at level C
of modern Birecik and
Mediterranean Sea.
From Halys R area, around Ankara, TR +
Khattusha in Khatti, AM (approx. from
Kizil Irmak R (R Halys) & the plain of
Konya in W to mts in Malatya region in E).
+ Syria, N of Aleppo & W of Euphrates R. +
Aleppo - [Aleppo + Syria, N of
Aleppo & W of Euphrates R.]. *{900-218}*
Came through E Anatolia not through Syria.
(Postgate: First Empires).
900 220 -1370 -1330 N Hittites A {Halys R area, around Ankara, TR + L
Khattusha in Khatti, AM (approx.
from Kizil Irmak R (R Halys) & the
plain of Konya in W to mts in
Malatya region in E). + Syria, N
of Aleppo & W of Euphrates R. +
Aleppo - [ Aleppo + Syria, N of
Aleppo
& W of Euphrates R. ] } + {Mitanni
betw Euphrates R at level of
modern Birecik and Mediterranean
Sea.} *{900-217} + {217-2}*
224 9 -1334 # N Assyrians E Mitanni betw Euphrates R at level C
of modern Birecik and
Mediterranean.
From Assyria (centered on Tigris R), Iraq.
*{900-64}*
900 66 -1334 -625 A Assyrians E {Mitanni betw Euphrates R at level L
of modern Birecik and
Mediterranean.} *{224-9}*
217 5 -1330 # A Hittites A SW AM (ancient Arzawa) C
From Halys R area, around Ankara, TR +
Khattusha in Khatti, AM (approx. from
Kizil Irmak R (R Halys) & the plain of
Konya in W to mts in Malatya region in E).
+ Syria, N of Aleppo & W of Euphrates R. +
Aleppo - [ Aleppo + Syria, N of
Aleppo & W of Euphrates R.] + Mitanni betw
Euphrates R at level of modern Birecik and
Mediterranean Sea. *{900-220}*
900 230 -1330 -1200 A Hittites A {Halys R area, around Ankara, TR + L
Khattusha in Khatti, AM (approx.
from Kizil Irmak R (R Halys) & the
plain of Konya in W to mts in
Malatya region in E). + Syria, N
of Aleppo & W of Euphrates R. +
Aleppo - [ Aleppo + Syria, N of
Aleppo
& W of Euphrates R. ] + Mitanni Conquered by Thracians from Thrace.
betw Euphrates R at level of
modern Birecik and Mediterranean
Sea.} + {SW AM (ancient Arzawa)}
*{900-220} + {217-5}*
107 6 -1300 -900 A Aegaeans U NW Balkans M
From Aegean region in 3 waves.
313 1 -1300 -1100 A Aramaeans E Mountainous area E of Syria L
900 100 -1300 -1100 A Balts B {Shores of Baltic, Byelorussia L
greater Russia. Along Baltic up to
SW SF. To middle & upper Dnepr,
upper Volga, & Oka RR. See fig 10
xerox in ref 38. - [ C Russia
(maps 12a(x) & & 14a(26), CS
Atlas) + Along Belaja R as far as
S Ural Mts.
+ E along Volga R & its Acc/to (314-9).
tributaries, lower Oka, Sura,
lower Vjatka, lower Kama RR. ]}
*{900-97}*
201 3 -1300 -500 A Bronze Age U Along entire coast of SF L
Culture.
900 157 -1300 -1100 N Dorians H Epirus L
Acc/to (22-3). Predated to -1300 since
presumably they were there at least by
then.
40 6 -1300 -1250 A Eneti U Around Morava R, YU (See ref, Fig. L
12 for location.)
224 11 -1300 # A Hittites A Damascus A
From Halys R area, around Ankara, TR +
Khattusha in Khatti, AM (approx. from
Kizil Irmak R (R Halys) & the plain of
Konya in W to mts in Malatya region in E).
+ Syria, N of Aleppo & W of Euphrates R. +
Aleppo - [ Aleppo + Syria, N of
Aleppo & W of Euphrates R. ] + Mitanni
betw Euphrates R at level of modern
Birecik and Mediterranean Sea. + SW AM
(ancient Arzawa). *{900-230}*
48 23 -1300 -1200 A Horizon V U Oltenia & Banat, Mid & W Muntenia L
& SW Transilvania
Culture.
116 3 -1300 # A Incrusted Ware U N YU, Sirmia, S Backa, (W M
Vojvodina), Banat & SW ROM
Pushed by Huegelgraeber (Barrow Graves)
culture. From Transdanubian H up to Drava
R (see map on p. 16). *{131-5}*
313 19 -1300 -900 A Medes R E of Zagros Mts, & N of Caspian L
Sea.
Group of Iranians.
901 111 -1300 -1200 A N. Early Bronze U NW D (W of Elbe), NL, S N E
From DK, NW D, S S, SE corner of N, see
map 15a (9); "Archeologicky Atlas Evropy A
Ceskoslovenska." *{385-12}* Culture.
Inferred from (385-12) and (386-46).
386 46 -1300 -1100 N N. Early Bronze U NL, DK, N D & DDR, S S & N (= (385- L
12) + (901-111)), see map 16a (3);
"Archeologicky Atlas Evropy A
Ceskoslovenska."
Culture. Start date to conform to (901-
111). Full name: Northern Early Bronze Age.
48 5 -1300 -1200 A Nova U SE Transilvania, Dobrugea, L
Moldava, & NE Muntenia, ROM
Culture. Acc/to (385-16) & (386-15)
Dobrugea is not included.
40 1 -1300 -1250 A Philistines O Balkans (See ref, Fig 12 for L
location)
Start date: conservative estimate. End
date to conform to (40-2). Indo-European
people.
304 2 -1300 -400 A Siles. Urnfield U Area N and E of Prague, and areas L
along Morava and Becva RR, and
Holasovice and Katerinky, CS.
Full name: Silesian Phase Urnfield
Culture, but called Lausitz & recent
Urnfield cultures in Slovakia.
48 24 -1300 -1150 A Suciu de Sus U W Transilvania & Maramures L
Culture. End date acc/to Fig. 51, ref 48.
900 290 -1300 # A Thracians P {Pieria} *{47-55}* S
Inferred from (47-55). From SE Balkans
(mostly BG). *{900-289}*
47 55 -1300 -650 A Thracians P Pieria L
365 1 -1300 -700 A Urnfield U C & E Europe (see Map 2 p 172, L
hatched central area for outline),
& I (all) & Sicily.
Culture. End date acc/to Czech Atlas, map
17a. In N & W I this culture is called
Villanova. It eventually gave way to
Etruscan culture.
217 6 -1260 # A Hittites A Cyprus A
From Halys R area, around Ankara, TR +
Khattusha in Khatti, AM (approx. from
Kizil Irmak R (R Halys) & the plain of
Konya in W to mts in Malatya region in E).
+ Syria, N of Aleppo & W of Euphrates R. +
Aleppo - [ Aleppo + Syria, N of
Aleppo & W of Euphrates R. ] + Mitanni
betw Euphrates R at level of modern
Birecik and Mediterranean Sea. + SW AM
(ancient Arzawa). *{900-230}*
Reestablished military domination.
316 6 -1250 -1150 A Armenians O N Anatolia; incl:Troy and Bogazkoy. C
Occupied Troy and destroyed Hittite empire
with its capital city of Bogazkoy. From
Balkan Mtns.
900 56 -1250 -575 A Armenians O {N Anatolia; incl:Troy and L
Bogazkoy} *{316-6}*
Start and end dates to conform to (316-6)
and (900-57), respectively. Their
presence in Anatolia for this period is
not definite.
168 12 -1250 # A Ausonii I Liparic Is. Q
See (26-20). Not clear from where. They
may have come from Italian peninsula.
26 20 -1250 -900 A Ausonii I WC I, Map page 359 L
Start date to conform to (168-12).
386 44 -1250 -1100 N Baltic L.Bronze U Latvia, Lithuania, see map 16a L
(37); "Archeologicky Atlas Evropy
A Ceskoslovenska."
Full name: Baltic Late Bronze Age.
386 22 -1250 -1100 N Cinerary Urns U GB & Ireland, see map 16a (21); L
"Archeologicky Atlas Evropy A
Ceskoslovenska."
This culture includes Deverel-Rimbury
groups. Start date interpolated between
this record and (385-46). Apparent
expansion over (385-46).
158 3 -1250 -1150 A Daco-Mysians P C Balkans & N of E Balkans, S of L
Stara Planina.
40 9 -1250 -1200 A Eneti U N AM (See ref, Fig. 12 for M
location.)
From Around Morava R, YU (See ref, Fig. 12
for location.) *{40-6}* Referred to as
Paphlagonian Eneti.
386 24 -1250 -1100 N Late Hilversum U NL, see map 16a (24); L
"Archeologicky Atlas Evropy A
Ceskoslovenska."
Culture.
386 36 -1250 -1100 N Late Jakov U Area between Volga & Oka RR, SU, L
see map 16a (39); "Archeologicky
Atlas Evropy A Ceskoslovenska."
Culture. Start date interpolated between
this record and (385-25). Apparent
expansion over (385-25).
386 40 -1250 -1100 N Late Kiukais U S SF & Estonia, see map 16a (44); L
"Archeologicky Atlas Evropy A
Ceskoslovenska."
Culture.
386 20 -1250 -1100 N Late Rhone U Rhone R area, F, see map 16a (19); L
"Archeologicky Atlas Evropy A
Ceskoslovenska."
Called "Late Rhone" culture; a type of
Funerary Urn Culture.
386 21 -1250 -1100 N Mound Grave U Betw Seine, Loire & Rhine RR, F, L
see map 16a (20); "Archeologicky
Atlas Evropy A Ceskoslovenska."
(Syn. Huegelgraeber). A type of "Funerary
Urn Culture." Start date interpolated
between this record and (385-8).
Contraction over (385-8) may be more
apparent than real. Cultures elswhere
renamed. In general succeeded by Funerary
Urns.
224 31 -1250 # N Mycenaeans H Iasus, Mueskebi (Halicarnassus S
peninsula), Miletus, Colophon (all
Aegean AM).
From Greek mainland (Mycenae and
surrounding areas).
40 2 -1250 -1150 A Philistines O Crete, Aegaean Is., N. Syria M
Palestine, Egypt, Cyprus, AM
From Balkans (See ref, Fig 12 for
location). *{40-1}* Cyprus & Crete added
to record based on (21-9); AM added to
record based on (21-8).
386 37 -1250 -950 N Pre-Kazan U Area around Kazan, Volga & Kama L
RR, SU, see map 16a (40);
"Archeologicky Atlas Evropy A
Ceskoslovenska."
Culture.
168 13 -1250 # A Siculi I E Sicily M
Not clear from where. They may have come
from Italian peninsula.
900 995 -1250 -500 A Siculi I {E Sicily} *{168-13}* L
Start date to conform to (168-13). End
date from (320-16). May have assumed the
name of Pre-IndoEuropean inhabitants (26-
10).
47 22 -1250 -1200 A Teucri U Thrace, Pelagonia to Ionian Sea as C
far S as Peneus R (in NW
Peloponnese)
From AM. (Herodotus' term for Trojans.)
386 14 -1250 -1100 N Troy U NW AM, Thrace & W coast Black Sea, L
see map 16a (13); "Archeologicky
Atlas Evropy A Ceskoslovenska."
This is the Troy VII culture. Start date
for consistency with (384-3). This appears
to be a relocation of (384-3). We are not
certain this is correct.
222 7 -1200 -1050 A Achaeans H Cyprus S
From Greek mainland. Refugees from
Mycaenean disasters. Acc/to (214-2), these
are the first Greek settlers on island.
224 32 -1200 -1000 A Aeolians H N of Hermus (Gediz) R up to S
Pitane, incl Cyme. (All in AM).
From Boeotia & Thessaly. (Displaced by
Dorian invasion).
386 13 -1200 -1100 N Babadag U W coast Black Sea, see map 16a L
(13); "Archeologicky Atlas Evropy
A Ceskoslovenska."
Located with the Babadag Culture is the
East Bulgarian group. The Middle Bulgarian
(Late Bronze Age) was located in the
Rhodope Mtns of GR & BG.
112 7 -1200 # A Balkan people U Aegaean & Anatolia M
From the Balkans.
386 31 -1200 -1100 N Belogrudov U SE Ukraine, see map 16a (32); L
"Archeologicky Atlas Evropy A
Ceskoslovenska."
Culture. Originated from Trziniec &
Komarov cultures acc/to (13-20).
900 312 -1200 -1100 A Chonii Y Albania L
For consistency with (157-7).
388 47 -1200 -600 N Colchis U E coast Black Sea, see map 18a L
(45); "Archeologicky Atlas Evropy
A Ceskoslovenska."
Culture. Start date acc/to (386-25).
900 298 -1200 -500 A Dalmatians Y Mouth of Krka R to mouth of Cetina L
R interior around Dinara Mts &
fertile fields of W Bosnia (Liva,
Duvno, Glamoc) (YU).
Dates are very approximate. Their sources
in (51-8) are in some doubt.
900 327 -1200 600 A Dardani Y SW Serbia, Kossovo & N Macedonia. L
(See vertically shaded area,
foldout map from ref 46, end of
book xeroxed).
Start date acc/to (46-13), but modified to
conform to (158-1); end date acc/to (114-
30). E part of Dardanian area with
substantial Thracian admixture. By 28 BC
completely lost their independence (to
Romans) and became mixed and assimilated
with succeeding populations.
214 3 -1200 -850 A Denyen U E Cilicia AM L
Unknown racial origin, possibly Sea
Peoples, Semiticized in speech. (Syn.
Danuniyim.)
901 117 -1200 -1100 N Deverel-Rimbury U {E Anglia up to Lincolnshire & M
chalk downs of Sussex & Wessex,
Cornwall} *{44-8}*
From across channel. Hybrid Tumulus-
Urnfield culture.
44 8 -1200 -1100 N Deverel-Rimbury U E Anglia up to Lincolnshire & L
chalk downs of Sussex & Wessex,
Cornwall
Hybrid Tumulus-Urnfield culture.
47 26 -1200 -1000 A Dorians H Thessaly Q
From (actually through) C Epirus.
48 25 -1200 -800 A Early Hallstatt U ROM L
Culture. Presumably not Celtic speakers.
They include various groups of which we
have Babadaz (386-13), Pecica (173-23), &
Suciu de Sus (48-24), coded U by us, and
may therefore duplicate information.
162 9 -1200 -400 A Eteocretans U E Crete nr Praesus L
An indigenous people, with their own
language.
386 2 -1200 -700 N Funerary Urns U Bohemia, CS & E Bavaria, D, see L
map 16a (2a-e); "Archeologicky
Atlas Evropy A Ceskoslovenska."
End date acc/to (387-2). Full culture
name: "Bohemian & E. Bavarian Funerary
Urn." Several group included within this
culture. Not clear how this relates to
Funerary Urn of (234-15).
131 9 -1200 -1100 A Gava U H E of Tisza R, & Transilvania M
(ROM), map 16a(7);"Archeologicky
Atlas Evropy A Ceskoslovenska."
Culture. From Voivodina (Batshka & Banat).
386 6 -1200 -800 N Gava U {H E of Tisza R, & Transilvania L
(ROM), map 16a(7);"Archeologicky
Atlas Evropy A Ceskoslovenska."}
*{131-9}*
Culture. End date given by text at (131-
9). Continued by record (387-9).
224 14 -1200 -700 A Hittites A SE AM L
States of Carchemish, Malatya, Tabal, &
Que. (See map on pg. 820 of ref 224.)
900 329 -1200 -1 A Iapodi Y Hinterland of Liburni, (see L
foldout map in ref 46). Region
bounded by Postojna (NE of
Trieste) to Krk Is in the west and
Lika region (Licko Polje; E of
Gospic) and NW Bosnia (Una RV) in
the east. N boundary: Sava RV
(includes city of
Siscia (modern Sisak)). Acc/to (158-8), (51-14), (165-43).
900 314 -1200 -1100 A Iapygi Y Albania L
For consistency with (900-315).
900 344 -1200 -300 A Illyrians Y {Betw Epirus & Cetina R & defined L
inland by Neretva R & the mouth of
its tributary, the Rama, & from
the area by the watershed of the
Neretva & Bosna RR. + From mouth
of Cetina to mouth of Krka R, incl
W & S Bosnia & Lika plain.} *{900-
341}*
Illyrians are found in this entire area.
We have named record of tribes for many
parts of it starting with 1200 BC for
some, but records for individual tribes do
not cover the entire area. This record
will need adjusting after locality
consistency check.
165 45 -1200 -200 A Illyrii Y W of L Scutari (see map 1). L
These are Illyrians in the narrowest sense.
224 33 -1200 -1000 A Ionians H Chios, Samos (Is) Phocaea S
Clazomenae, Erythrae, Teos,
Lebedus, Colophon, Ephesus, Piene,
Myus & Miletus (in AM).
From Athens.
900 145 -1200 -1000 N Ionians H Peloponnese Isthmus L
Acc/ to (160-11) and terminated by
subsequent Dorian invasion.
900 299 -1200 -300 A Istri Y Istria, YU L
Earlier date acc/to (123-12), but modified
to conform to (158-1). Latest date acc/to
(165-40).
221 1 -1200 # A Kaska U Bogazkoey, Alaca, Alisar (AM) A
(modern names, TR) (see maps in
ref 224 for locations)
Nomads of unknown language, troublesome to
Hittites. From N of Kattusha (mod.
Bgazkoey) AM. *{219-7)*
19 4 -1200 -750 A Knoviz U NC Bohemia (see outline on map 41, L
Czech Atlas)
Culture. Probably proto-Celtic. Dates
taken from Czech Atlas maps 41 & 42.
386 8 -1200 -1100 N Late ZBCGM U Danube R area, W of Olt R, YU, L
ROM, see map 16a (8);
"Archeologicky Atlas Evropy A
Ceskoslovenska."
Full culture name: "Zuto Brdno-Cirna-Girla
Mare" (Late)
901 113 -1200 -600 A Lausitz U C & E Europe from Silesia & S L
Brandenburg to Bug R, in S to NE
Bohemia, N Moravia, NW Slovakia.
Based on numerous records, incl. (27-4),
(152-8), and (388-8). Culture. Some
authors consider them pre-Celtic, others
pre-Illyrian.
900 301 -1200 # A Liburni Y YU coast from Opatija to mouth of E
Krka R (nr. Sibenik).
Implied by (158-6). From Istria.
900 302 -1200 -1 A Liburni Y {Istria, YU, S and E of Rasa R} + L
{YU coast from Opatija to mouth of
Krka R (nr. Sibenik).} *{900-300}
+ {900-301}*
Acc/to (158-6), (51-7). End date acc/to
(165-49).
221 13 -1200 -700 A Lydians A W slopes along Maeander R (AM) L
Language may be related to Hurrian (Indo-
Iranian) or to Palaic (Indo-Europeans).
Later references call it Anatolian and we
have coded it thus. No reference to
origins of these people.
386 10 -1200 -1100 N M. Bulgarian U Rhodope Mtn area, BG & GR, see map L
16a (10); "Archeologicky Atlas
Evropy A Ceskoslovenska."
Full culture name: "Middle Bulgarian Late
Bronze Age."
386 4 -1200 -1100 N M.DanubeInciner U H, N YU & S CS, see map 16a (5a- L
e); "Archeologicky Atlas Evropy A
Ceskoslovenska."
Several groups included within this
culture. Full name: Middle Danube
Incinerary Urn.
900 319 -1200 -1100 A Messapii Y Albania L
For consistency with (900-320).
313 10 -1200 -1165 A Mushki O Kashiari Mtns, SW of Lake Van, TR M
From Europe. May have been different wave
of Phrygians, but other scholars think
they came via E of Black Sea and joined
Phrygians after an attempt to thrust
southward to Mesopotamia was checked by
Assyrians in 1115 BC.
901 90 -1200 -1115 N Mushki O {Kashiari Mtns, SW of Lake Van, L
TR} *{313-10}*
Start date: to conform to (313-10); end
date: to conform to (313-12).
386 43 -1200 -1100 N N.LateBronzeAge U S N, DK, S S, N D, DDR, see map L
16a (3); "Archeologicky Atlas
Evropy A Ceskoslovenska."
Full culture name: "Northern Younger
Bronze Age periods III- IV."
23 6 -1200 -1000 A NW. Greeks H Macedonia S
Not known specifically from where. Most
likely from Pelagonia.
386 15 -1200 -1100 N Nova U Moldavia SU, E ROM except L
Dobrugea, see map 16a (14);
"Archeologicky Atlas Evropy A
Ceskoslovenska."
Culture. Plus other Romanian culture
"groups" of the end of the Bronze Age.
386 17 -1200 -700 N Pantalica U Sicily, see map 16a (16); L
"Archeologicky Atlas Evropy A
Ceskoslovenska."
This is a "group" rather than a culture.
End date acc/to (387-17).
386 3 -1200 -700 N Saalemuendungsg U Saale R mouth area, DDR, see map L
16a (4); "Archeologicky Atlas
Evropy A Ceskoslovenska."
Full culture name: "Saalemuendungsgruppe."
End date acc/to (387-4).
221 7 -1200 -800 A Tabalians A Area S of Halys R up to Taurus Mts. L
These were older Luvians that had survived
the Hittite collapse.
386 35 -1200 -950 N Textile Ceramic U N SU from Estonia to Vologda & L
Moscow, see map 16a (38);
"Archeologicky Atlas Evropy A
Ceskoslovenska."
Culture. End date interpolated between
this record and (387-40).
900 292 -1200 -800 A Thracians P {E Balkans, Carpathians (mostly L
ROM and Moldavian SSR, acc/to (387-
8).)} *{900-253}*
Acc/to (173-24), (173-25).
386 32 -1200 -1100 N Trzciniec U S & E Belorussia and N Ukraine, L
see map 16a (33); "Archeologicky
Atlas Evropy A Ceskoslovenska."
This culture includes Sosnick group. This
is a smaller area than earlier (13-5).
386 45 -1200 -700 N Unstrut U Unstrut R, DDR, see map 16a (4a); L
"Archeologicky Atlas Evropy A
Ceskoslovenska."
Culture. End date acc/to (387-4) where in
Czech Atlas area 4a is called "related
groups" (to Saalemuendungsgruppe).
157 8 -1200 -1100 A Urnfield U Albania L
Culture.
901 114 -1200 -700 A Urnfield U NL, C & S D (W of {365-1}), B, E L
F, Rhone R basin, &
Slovenia,Croatia, N Bosnia (mostly
from Czech Atlas, map 16a & 17a,
look for popelnicovyeh poli).
Acc/to (179-16), (181-4), (365-4), and
(365-6). Culture.
386 30 -1200 -600 N Vysock U N Ukraine, see map 16a (31); L
"Archeologicky Atlas Evropy A
Ceskoslovenska."
Culture. End date acc/to (388-34).
47 25 -1190 -1140 A Brygi P Upper Vardar R into Pelagonia & M
Lyncus. To N & C Albania & Epirus.
Another group went into C
Macedonia plain below Edessa, area
W of Axius R. (ref 47, map 1)
From H. They are related to, but probably
not identical with the Phrygians.
47 38 -1190 -1050 A Brygi P Epidamnos (N Albania) & Mati RV L
900 260 -1190 -492 A Brygi P {Upper Vardar R into Pelagonia & L
Lyncus. To N & C Albania & Epirus.
Another group went into C
Macedonia plain below Edessa, area
W of Axius R. (ref 47, map 1)} -
{Epidamnos (N Albania) & Mati
RV} - {N Albanian plains} *{47-
25} - {47-38}
- {900-261}* Acc/to (165-24). Subjugated by Persians,
they partly served in Xerxes' army.
900 261 -1190 -800 A Brygi P N Albanian plains L
Acc/to (47-61); pushed out by Dardani.
47 47 -1190 -1150 A Phrygians P C Albania, Epirus, W coastal plain E
of Macedonia.
From Pelagonia (part of Macedonia).
47 28 -1160 -1130 A Phrygians P Troad (area around Troy) S
From Balkans.
901 100 -1150 # A Paeones U {Betw Strymon & Axius RR} + {EC E
Macedonia (Mid-Vardar R plain)}
*{47-56} + {901-99}*
From EC Macedonia (Mid-Vardar R plain).
*{901-99}* Necessary to locate them up to
the Strymon R. Date acc/to (47-56).
47 56 -1150 -1080 A Paeones U Betw Strymon & Axius RR (= (901- L
99) + (901-100))
47 45 -1140 -1120 N Brygi P Mycenae S
From Upper Vardar R into Pelagonia &
Lyncus. To N & C Albania & Epirus. Another
group went into C Macedonia plain below
Edessa, area W of Axius R. (ref 47, map
1) - Epidamnos (N Albania) & Mati RV - N
Albanian plains. *{900-260}* Some
followed the Dorians down to Peloponnese.
900 160 -1120 # A Dorians H Isthmus, Argolis, Laconia (in Q
Peloponnese).
From C Epirus. Acc/to (47-44), from
Albania & Epirus under pressure from the
Brygi. Laconia is spelled Laconica in
Putzger-Lendl-Wagner Atlas.
313 12 -1115 # A Mushki O W to Halys R area W of Amanus M
Mtns, TR.
From Kashiari Mtns, SW of Lake Van, TR.
*{313-10}* Joined Phrygians.
223 2 -1114 # N Assyrians E Ancient Subartu: Up Tigris RV betw C
Mts Idni & Aia, Up Zab RV.
From Assyria (centered on Tigris R), Iraq.
*{900-64}*
223 3 -1113 # N Assyrians E W of L Van C
Inhabited by Nairi hill-folk. From Assyria
(centered on Tigris R), Iraq. *{900-64}*
313 2 -1112 # A Aramaeans E N of Aleppo, S of Amanus Mtns, TR M
From mountainous area E of Syria. *{313-1}*
313 5 -1100 -1080 A Aramaeans E Along Euphrates R, N Babylonia S
(Iraq).
From mountainous area E of Syria. *{313-1}*
900 51 -1100 -800 A Aramaeans E {Along Euphrates R, N Babylonia L
(Iraq).} *{313-5}*
221 6 -1100 # A Assyrians E Area of Halfeti on U Euphrates R C
Carried off 6K Phrygian captives to
Nisibis. From Assyria (centered on Tigris
R), Iraq. *{900-64}*
900 67 -1100 -625 A Assyrians E {Ancient Subartu: Up Tigris RV L
betw Mts Idni & Aia, Up Zab RV.} +
{W of L Van} + {Area of Halfeti on
U Euphrates R.} *{223-2} + {223-3}
+ {221-6}*
900 102 -1100 -800 A Balts B {N Ukraine & S Belorussia, see map L
17a (32); 'Archeologicky Atlas
Evropy A Ceskoslovenska'. + N
Ukraine & S Belorussia, see map
18a (35); 'Archeologicky Atlas
Evropy A Ceskoslovenska'. + Pripet
R, Dnepr R.} + {Moscow, Vitebsk,
Chernigov
See under Plain Pottery or Acc/to (38-3).
Jukhnovo group, fig 297, xerox. +
W Ukraine, Volhynia, Kiev.} *{900-
101} + {900-103}*
900 104 -1100 -1 A Balts B NE PL, Lithuania, Latvia, see map L
20a (15); 'Archeologicky Atlas
Evropy A Ceskoslovenska'. + W
Belorussia, see map 20a (16);
'Archeologicky Atlas Evropy A
Ceskoslovenska'.
Acc/to (38-3), (314-9), (389-14), (389-
15). Gens given by authors is simply
"Baltic Tribe Culture" so I have decided
to use "Balts" instead.
900 106 -1100 650 A Balts B {C Russia (maps 12a(x) & 14a(26), L
CS Atlas).} + other areas.
See long record. *{900-98} +
{900-100} + {900-99}* * + {38-9} -
{900-102} * * - {900-104} *
End date interpolated between this record
and (38-21).
13 20 -1100 -800 A Belogrudov U Volhynia, Podolia & Ukraine; L
forest steppes; center S of Kiev.
Culture. Originated from Trziniec &
Komarov cultures. Expansion from (386-31),
but no movement recorded. Not comment by
author that Belogrudov culture continues
in Zarubincy culture. Yet I have a 600-yr
gap at the moment from 800 to
200 BC.
157 7 -1100 -1000 A Chonii Y E I (probably Apulia) M
From Albania. *{900-312}*
900 313 -1100 -900 N Chonii Y {E I (probably Apulia)} *{157-7}* L
End date unknown.
162 11 -1100 # A Cretans H Cyprus M
From Crete.
160 7 -1100 # A Dorians H Mycenae C
From Peloponnese.
160 8 -1100 # A Dorians H Epidaurus C
From Peloponnese.
47 34 -1100 -1000 A Epirotes H Upper Haliacmon RV L
Group that spoke a Greek dialect.
900 315 -1100 -1000 A Iapygi Y Area of Apulia, S I, marked Daunii M
and Peucetii on map 3, ref 164.
Acc/to (157-5), (164-5) and other refs.
From Albania. *{900-314}*
900 320 -1100 -1000 A Messapii Y Area of Apulia, S I, marked M
Messapii on map 3, ref 164.
Acc/to (157-6), (51-23), (26-24). From
Albania. *{900-319}*
900 321 -1100 -1 A Messapii Y {Area of Apulia, S I, marked L
Messapii on map 3, ref 164.} *{900-
320}*
Acc/to (139-11). Also, acc/to (51-23) they
were grecized to a great degree.
901 112 -1100 -800 N N. Early Bronze U W N, PL (E of Oder R), SW NL E
From NL, DK, N D & DDR, S S & N. *{386-
46}* Culture. Inferred from (386-46) &
(387-3).
387 3 -1100 -600 N N. Early Bronze U S S, S N, D, DK, NL, DDR (= (386- L
46) + (901-112)), see map 17a (3);
"Archeologicky Atlas Evropy A
Ceskoslovenska."
Culture from "period V" acc/to authors.
Full name: Northern Early Bronze Age.
Start date to conform to (901-112). End
date acc/to (388-4).
25 1 -1100 # A Phoenicians E Gades (Cadiz) also Utica (now in S
Tunisia), Lixus (Larache in
Spanish Morocco).
From Phoenicia (around Tyre, Lebanon). Ref
(232-4) believes it unlikely that Gadir
was founded much before Utica. This is
contrary to widely quoted date of -1100
for founding of Gadir.
900 935 -1100 -1000 N Phoenicians E Utica (now in Tunisia) L
For consistency with (25-1) and (25-3).
900 938 -1100 -573 A Phoenicians E Lixus (Larache in Spanish Morocco) L
(see p. 22 in Putzger)
For consistency with (25-1). End date is
arbitrary name change to Carthaginians.
900 256 -1100 -800 A Phrygians P AM from ancient Keramon Agora, S Q
to ancient Sagalassus, betw modern
Eskisehir & Afyon Karahisar, E nr
ancient Gordion and modern Ankara,
Bogazkoey, Pazarli, Alisar, Alaca,
Kueltepe.
Acc/to (23-4), (39-5), (119-5), etc. From
Macedonia, Thrace + Macedonia, Thrace -
Macedonia, Thrace E of Vardar R but not
Propontic Thrace (E Thrace nr Hellespont),
Sea of Marmara (both coasts). *{901-153}*
900 258 -1100 -681 A Phrygians P {AM from ancient Keramon Agora, S L
to ancient Sagalassus, betw modern
Eskisehir & Afyon Karahisar, E nr
ancient Gordion and modern Ankara,
Bogazkoey, Pazarli, Alisar, Alaca,
Kueltepe} *{900-256}*
Acc/to (221-3), (221-4). Termination
acc/to (40-31), but note that (139-9) has
Phrygian spoken in C AM until 500 AD.
Start date acc/to (900-256).
38 11 -1100 # A Timbergrave R Black Sea coasts E
They were Proto-Scythians. From lower
Volga steppes (part of (900-227)). *{900-
227}*
901 101 -1080 # A Paeones U {Betw Strymon & Axius RR} - {EC T
Macedonia (Mid-Vardar R plain)}
*{47-56} - {901-99}*
To EC Macedonia (Mid-Vardar R plain). *{47-
32}* Implied because (47-56) has an end
date.
47 32 -1080 -700 A Paeones U Mid Vardar R plain (E C Macedonia) L
End date to conform to (901-102).
47 49 -1080 # A Phrygians P Macedonia, Thrace E of Vardar R T
but not Propontic Thrace (E Thrace
nr Hellespont), Sea of Marmara
(both coasts).
To Macedonia, Thrace - Macedonia, Thrace E
of Vardar R but not Propontic Thrace (E
Thrace nr Hellespont), Sea of Marmara
(both coasts). *{901-153}*
901 153 -1080 -600 A Phrygians P {Macedonia, Thrace} - {Macedonia, L
Thrace E of Vardar R but not
Propontic Thrace (E Thrace nr
Hellespont), Sea of Marmara (both
coasts).} *{900-255} - {47-49}*
Acc/to (47-49), (159-3), and (39-27).
313 3 -1060 # A Aramaeans E Kashiari Mtns, SW of Lake Van, TR S
From area along Euphrates R, N Babylonia
(Iraq). *{313-5}*
901 209 -1060 -900 A Aramaeans E {Kashiari Mtns, SW of Lake Van, L
TR} *{313-3}*
162 7 -1050 -950 A Dorians H Melos, Thera (Cyclades) S
From Peloponnese.
900 161 -1050 -950 A Dorians H Crete S
Synthesized from (22-5), (40-3), (162-10).
Also Atlas of Greek World p.66. From
Peloponnese.
900 175 -1050 # A Macedonians H C Haliacmon RV E
Acc/to (47-33), from N Pieria.
900 176 -1050 -800 A Macedonians H {N Pieria area} + {C Haliacmon RV} L
*{900-174} + {900-175}*
Acc/to (47-52), (47-88). Coexisted with
Phrygians at least between -900 to -800
acc/to (47-52).
900 322 -1050 -1000 A Parthini Y Shkumbi (= Shkumbin = Shkumbini) M
RV (C Albania). + In hinterland of
Durres (Albania) & in the
direction of L Shkodres.
From the North. Acc/to (47-40), and Durres
location attributed to (165-62).
900 323 -1050 -100 A Parthini Y {Shkumbi (= Shkumbin = Shkumbini) L
RV (C Albania). + In hinterland of
Durres (Albania) & in the
direction of L Shkodres.} *{900-
322}*
Acc/to (165-62), they were grecized to a
great degree.
47 39 -1050 -1000 A Taulantii Y Epidamnos (Durres) & Mati RV (N M
Albania).
From the North.
900 324 -1050 -300 A Taulantii Y {Epidamnos (Durres) & Mati RV (N L
Albania).} *{47-39}*
Acc/to (47-57), (47-71), (165-7). Although
Liburni occupied area from 900 to 626 BC
the Taulantii seem to have remained. End
date inferred from various citations in
the chronology of ref 165.
22 11 -1000 # A Aeolians H Lesbos, Anatolian coast M
Acc/to (22-8), from Thessaly and Boeotia.
Displaced by Dorian invasion.
901 207 -1000 -500 A Aeolians H {Lesbos, Anatolian coast} *{22-11}* L
224 18 -1000 -900 A Aramaeans E SE AM A
From Kashiari Mtns, SW of Lake Van, TR.
*{313-3}*
313 4 -1000 # A Aramaeans E Around & S of Damascus, Syria S
From area along Euphrates R, N Babylonia
(Iraq). *{313-5}*
900 52 -1000 -800 A Aramaeans E Syria L
(Reference in Ploetz.)
900 54 -1000 -200 A Ardiaei Y Neretva R mouth + Dalmatia, coast L
opp Hvar
Acc/to (51-10), (165-13).
900 987 -1000 # A Celts K Britain & Ireland Q
From the continent. Acc/to (27-1), (143-
3). The times of these entries are wild
guesses by me based on the text and other
sources. Will be corrected when other
references are used. Depends also on
whether Britons are believed to have
preceeded the Goidelics.
900 223 -1000 # A Cimmerians R {C Balkans See map 6, p.119 under Q
Basarabi & Bosut cultures.} *{108-
10}*
To allow for (108-10). From area betw
lower Danube & Caucasus Mts. *{37-3}*
108 10 -1000 -650 A Cimmerians R C Balkans See map 6, p.119 under L
Basarabi & Bosut cultures.
Sometimes called Thraco-Cimmerians but
author questions Thraco part. Upper limit
of early iron age.
46 16 -1000 # A Dardani Y AM Q
From SW Serbia, Kossovo & N Macedonia (See
vertically shaded area, foldout map, end
of book, xeroxed). *{900-327}* Part of
tribe.
900 325 -1000 -900 A Dardani Y {AM} *{46-16}* L
Necessitated by (46-16). No end date given.
26 13 -1000 -500 A Elymi U Tapani province, NW Sicily, Map p. L
359
End date acc/to (320-18). Probably pre-IE
people.
47 53 -1000 -700 A Eordi U Eordea (around Pateli) in Epirus, L
GR
Descendants of Bronze Age people of
unknown linguistic affinity.
26 15 -1000 -50 A Etruscans U W I betw Pisa & Rome,Map page 359 L
(better map in Putzger, p. 21,II)
End date from various sources.
164 14 -1000 -500 A Euganians U NE I, See Map 2 L
Start date acc/to (26-17).
900 316 -1000 -500 A Iapygi Y {Area of Apulia, S I, marked L
Daunii and Peucetii on map 3, ref
164.} *{900-315}*
Divided into subtribes Daunii and Peucetii
after 500 BC (acc/to (26-23) and 164, maps
2 and 3). Also acc/to (51-24).
23 5 -1000 # A Illyrians Y W Macedonia E
But not necessarily displacing prior
residents. Probably from Albania. At this
time tribes in Albania are already named,
whereas these are undifferentiated
Illyrians since no tribal names given.
163 2 -1000 -800 A Illyrians Y Epirus (NW GR, S of Albania) E
From Albania. At this time tribes in
Albania are already named, whereas these
are undifferentiated Illyrians since no
tribal names given.
900 342 -1000 -500 A Illyrians Y {Epirus (NW GR, S of Albania)} L
*{163-2}*
For consistency with (163-2). These are
Illyrians in a wider sense.
900 343 -1000 -800 A Illyrians Y {W Macedonia} *{23-5}* L
For consistency with (23-5).
900 147 -1000 # A Ionians H Cyclades, Samos & coasts of S
Ephesos and Milet less Melos,
Thera.
Acc/to (22-12), (162-8). From Peloponnese
and Saronic Gulf.
900 994 -1000 1970 A Irish K Ireland L
Start date to conform to (900-987). End
date, still although now largely English
speaking.
201 18 -1000 # A Karelians F Karelia, also S of L Ladoga M
From the Volga area. See fig 2 in ref 201.
(Date is correct. Can coexist with
Karelian culture.)
900 123 -1000 1540 A Karelians F Karelia, + W shore L Ladoga (map L
1, ref 202). + N SU, betw Gulf of
Finland & White Sea.
Acc/to (202-11), (328-17), (201-18).
26 7 -1000 -800 A Lepontii U W of Ticino R, N I (see map p. 359) L
Intermixed Ligurian & Indo-European.
Mentioned again much later (355-9) but at
location further north. Could they have
produced the Golasecca culture (388-21)?
164 1 -1000 -900 A Ligurians L Piemonte, Aosta, Liguria Lombardia L
ending at the Ticino R, in S up to
Magra R entering the Tyrrhenian
Sea. See map 1.
363 1 -1000 -750 N N. Germanics G NE Estonia, N of Kasari R S
From area N from Elbe R area around
Luebeck & Hamburg, D & into DK. +
Lower Weser R in W to lower Oder R in E,
in S up to a line from Bremen to S
Mecklenburg boundary. + S & C S, SW & W
SF. *{900-461}*
363 2 -1000 -750 N N. Germanics G Hiumma & Saaremad, & W coast Muhu, S
off the W coast Estonia in Baltic
Sea.
From area N from Elbe R area around
Luebeck & Hamburg, D & into DK. +
Lower Weser R in W to lower Oder R in E,
in S up to a line from Bremen to S
Mecklenburg boundary. + S & C S, SW & W
SF. *{900-461}*
363 3 -1000 -750 N N. Germanics G C Latvia, betw Gulf of Riga, Roja, S
& Daugava R; Kurzeme region.
From area N from Elbe R area around
Luebeck & Hamburg, D & into DK. +
Lower Weser R in W to lower Oder R in E,
in S up to a line from Bremen to S
Mecklenburg boundary. + S & C S, SW & W
SF. *{900-461}*
363 4 -1000 -750 N N. Germanics G Area betw Daugava & Gauja RR & E S
to around Issa R; Vidzeme region.
From area N from Elbe R area around
Luebeck & Hamburg, D & into DK. +
Lower Weser R in W to lower Oder R in E,
in S up to a line from Bremen to S
Mecklenburg boundary. + S & C S, SW & W
SF. *{900-461}*
363 5 -1000 -750 N N. Germanics G Latgale area, N of Dvina R S
From area N from Elbe R area around
Luebeck & Hamburg, D & into DK. +
Lower Weser R in W to lower Oder R in E,
in S up to a line from Bremen to S
Mecklenburg boundary. + S & C S, SW & W
SF. *{900-461}*
22 6 -1000 # A NW. Greeks H Boeotia, Thessaly Achaia, parts of M
Elis, Aetolia, Phokis.
From C Albania, C Epirus. *{47-16}*
900 143 -1000 -700 N NW. Greeks H {Boeotia, Thessaly Achaia, parts L
of Elis, Aetolia, Phokis.} *{22-6}*
Following (22-6). Did not leave at 700 BC,
but were incorporated into the general
Greek population.
165 64 -1000 -300 A Pelagones U Pelagonia(Prilepec in Macedonia) L
Start date: guess (ref says very old
tribe). End date: to conform to (165-65).
25 3 -1000 -900 A Phoenicians E Melita (Malta) also other cities S
in N. Africa: Hippo Diarrhytos
(Bizerte), Hippo Regius (nr Annaba
or Bone, Algeria), Hadrumetum
(Susa, Sousse).
From Phoenicia. Encyclopedia Brittanica
mentions them only between 8th and 6th c
BC.
228 2 -1000 # A Phoenicians E S & E Iberia, Ancient Tartessus S
(area of Lower Guadalquivir R).
From Phoenicia.
900 933 -1000 -600 A Phoenicians E {S & E Iberia, Ancient Tartessus L
(area of Lower Guadalquivir R).}
*{228-2}*
Start date to conform to (228-2). End
date: Carthaginian immigration (53-2).
Population called Carthaginian hereafter.
900 936 -1000 -814 A Phoenicians E Utica, also other cities in N. L
Africa: Hippo Diarrhytos
(Bizerte), Hippo Regius (nr Annaba
or Bone, Algeria), Hadrumetum
(Susa, Sousse).
For consistency with (25-3) and (25-2).
These Phoenicians become Carthaginians
hereafter.
26 18 -1000 -500 A Picentes U EC I (E of Tiber R & N of Perugia L
acc/to (320-6)), map p. 359
Syn. Picenians. End date acc/to (320-6). A
local group dating from Iron Age, acc/to
(320-6). Probably pre-IE.
164 7 -1000 -238 A Sardi I Sardinia L
End date establishment of RP Sardinia
(ultra conservative).
26 14 -1000 -500 A Sicani U W Sicily (except for province of L
Trapani), map p. 359
End date acc/to (320-17). Probably pre-IE
people.
169 11 -1000 -1 A Tavasts F SF L
164 4 -1000 -800 A Umbri-Sabelli I C & S I exc Apulia (See Map 1) L
Spelled Ombri in ref. They split up into
Umbri and Sabelli by 800 BC, which gives
rise to end date.
900 331 -1000 -200 A Veneti U NE continental I, from Adige R to L
Gail R toward Karawanken
(Karavanche) Mts. See map 1 in ref
164.
Acc/to (164-3), (26-8). End date acc/to
(139-10). May be Illyrian speakers, but
could be Keltic speakers.
The Ethnohistory Project /
msr@life.bio.sunysb.edu