REF REC START END GENS L LOCATION A COMMENTS
43 15 901 # N Vikings G Isle of Man, Scotland Q
From Dublin. Expelled by Irish.
205 12 907 # N Swedes G Constantinople A
From S via Russia.
149 28 910 997 N Croats S Istria, Bosnia, Duklja E
(Montenegro), Zahlumje (area
bordered by Dubrovnik, Dabar,
Luka, Popop, Velika, Dabrava) (YU)
(see map 399 for detailed
description).
Dabar, Luka, Popop, Velika, From YU in Adriatic hinterlands between
Dabrava) (YU) (see map 399 for Rasa R (Istria) in W and and Cetina R (S
detailed description. of split) in E. (Largely Dalmatia in YU.)
+ Area betw Save & Danube RR (up to at
least Ptuj in the E, acc/to (147-24)).
*{900-688}*
900 689 910 1970 N Croats S {YU in Adriatic hinterlands L
between Rasa R (Istria) in W and
and Cetina R (S of split) in E.
(Largely Dalmatia in YU.) + area
betw Save & Danube RR (up to at
least Ptuj in the E, acc/to (147-
24)).} + {Istria, Bosnia, Duklja
(Montenegro),
Zahlumje (area bordered by Start date to conform to (149-28). End
Dubrovnik, Dabar, Luka, Popop, date: still in Croatia. Presumably some
Velika, Dabrava) (YU).} *{900-687} amalgamation with other YU peoples
+ {149-28}* especially in locations included in (149-
28), but no hard evidence available.
154 10 911 932 N Danes G Normandy S
From DK. Leader was Rollo or Hrolf, unlear
whether from N or DK. Viking settlers came
from DK in the main, but also N and from
the Danelaw in GB acc/to Gwyn Jones:
History of the Vikings. Within very short
time became Normans.
900 623 911 # N Danes G Normandy S
From Danelaw, England. Leader was Rollo or
Hrolf, unlear whether from N or DK. Viking
settlers came from DK in the main, but
also N and from the Danelaw in GB acc/to
Gwyn Jones: History of the Vikings. Within
very short time became Normans.
Also acc/to (43-24).
901 67 911 1000 A Danes G Normandy I
Start date to conform to (154-10) & (900-
623); end date approximate. They
assimilated rapidly and became the
Normans, with language code I.
43 23 911 # N Norwegians G Normandy S
Leader was Rollo or Hrolf, unlear whether
from N or DK. Viking settlers came from DK
in the main, but also N and from the
Danelaw in GB acc/to Gwyn Jones: History
of the Vikings. Within very short time
became Normans. Norwegians came
mostly from Ireland and Scotland acc/to
Gwyn Jones. Far fewer Norwegians than
Danes.
149 24 913 # N Bulgarians S Constantinople A
From W boundary Tisza R; W Tisza R E to
Upper Pruth R on E side of Carpathian Mts;
along Pruth downstream to Leovo, E across
Bessarabia to Dnestr R. Downstream along
Dnestr to Black Sea. S border not stated
by author but probably not
quite up to modern S border of BG.
(Included Pliska, Preslav, Adrianople). +
Srem area (betw Sava & Danube RR). -
Pannonia E of Tisza R. *{900-660}*
43 17 913 917 N Vikings G IRL C
From Britain.
900 661 927 # N Bulgarians S Constantinople
From W boundary Tisza R; W Tisza R E to
Upper Pruth R on E side of Carpathian Mts;
along Pruth downstream to Leovo, E across
Bessarabia to Dnestr R. Downstream along
Dnestr to Black Sea. S border not stated
by author but probably not
quite up to modern S border of BG.
(Included Pliska, Preslav, Adrianople). +
Srem area (betw Sava & Danube RR). -
Pannonia E of Tisza R. *{900-660}*
149 23 934 959 N Magyars C Byzantine Emp.(Balkans) (up to A
Constantinople) (see Muir'sAtlas,
p. 14)
From Carpathian basin incl. modern H up to
its border with A, N into Slovakia, E to
Transylvania & S somewhat beyond Drave R.
(cf detailed map in ref. use colors coded
1&3) *{900-797}*
129 49 934 1091 N Pechenegi T Byzantine Balkans (modern BG & GR. A
See p.44 Putzger et al., Atlas.)
Repeated attacks from area betw Don &
lower Danube RR. *{900-393}*
329 5 936 947 A Germans G Middle Elbe R area, betw A
Brandenburg & Lake Mueritz, & E
toOder R & W to Elbe R, DDR.
From Saxony. Otto I's campaign & attempt
to colonize & convert Veleti, Heveller,
Reda (Settled Slavic tribes). Established
North March as a district of G. empire.
329 6 936 950 A Germans G Upper Elbe & Saale RR, area around A
Zeitz; W to Saale Rc DDR.
From Thuringia. Otto I's campaign &
attempt to colonize & convert settled
Slavs: Sorbs, Dalminci. Established March
of Zeitz as a district of G. empire.
30 27 940 # A Danes G {S Jutland (center at Hedeby; see E
Times Atlas p. 110, map 3)} *{30-
26}*
From Sjaelland, Skane, other areas of S +
Jutland and rest of DK other than
Sjaelland. - S Jutland (center at Hedeby;
see Times Atlas p. 110, map 3) *{900-629}*
Pushed out Swedes.
900 630 940 1970 N Danes G {Sjaelland, Skane, other areas of L
S + Jutland and rest of DK other
than Sjaelland. - S Jutland
(center at Hedeby; see Times Atlas
p. 110, map 3)} + {S Jutland
(center at Hedeby; see Times
Atlas, p. 110, map3)} *{900-629} +
{30-27}*
For consistency with (30-27) and continued
presence of Danes in DK.
329 14 940 946 A Germans G Lorraine & West Francia, W of A
Rhine R, Laon & Rheims, F.
From Thuringia. Campaign led by Otto I
resulted in area's inclusion in G. empire.
331 23 940 # N Venetians I Comacchio, S of Venice, I S
From Venice.
31 34 943 # N Varyagi G Baku, Berda on Kura R C
From Kiev Kaganate (?). May already have
become heavily Slavicized.
331 24 944 # N Venetians I Ravenna, S of Venice, I S
From Venice.
32 56 950 1240 A Brodniki S Don R area L
Start date by inference from text; end
date is Mongol assault.
232 60 950 1000 N Moors E Leon R
From Andalusia. Dates to correspond
approximately to Almanzor's reign.
329 12 951 961 N Germans G N I betw St. Moritz (CH) & Nice in C
theW, to Mantua & Brescia in the E.
From Thuringia. Otto led campaign that
succeeded in conquering Kingdom of Italy.
329 4 955 # A Germans G Lower Elbe R area, N of Lake A
Mueritz, extending N & E to Baltic
Sea, & W to Elbe R,
From Saxony. Otto I's campaign & attempt
to colonize & convert settled Slavs:
Obodrites, Polabians, Warnawi. Established
March of Billings as a district of G.
empire.
149 25 961 969 N Byzantines H Crete, Aleppo, Antioch (Syria) C
From Byzantium.
331 7 961 1084 N Byzantines H Antioch, Syria L
Area under Byzantine rule during this time.
331 4 964 # N Byzantines H Cyprus N
Successful Byzantine reconquest of Saracen
lands since 950. From Byzantium.
328 20 964 971 N Russians S Along Dnieper R & around Black Sea A
area into Bulgaria and N along
Volga R to Bolgar and S along
Volga R to Caspian Sea & W along
Caucasus Mts.
From Kiev. Syvatoslav's campaigns. Khazars
were 'destroyed.'
211 24 965 # N Russians S Kazan at great bend middle Volga R. A
From Principality of Kiev. Volga Bulgars
living there.
31 35 965 969 N Varyagi G Sarkel (p44, Putzger, Lendl, C
Wagner), (Itil; nr modern
Astrachan)
From Kiev Kaganate (?). May already have
become heavily Slavicized. End of Khazar
Empire.
900 198 971 976 N Byzantines H {Betw Isker R (BG), Balkans & C
Black Sea (capital Pliska, BG).
Sofia, Adrianople, LL Ochrid &
Prespa. (Map in Mathew: Atlas of
Medieval Europe, p.67, in blue.)}
*{149-27}*
From Byzantium. Under Emperor John
Tzimisces.
325 8 975 # N Byzantines H Syria A
From Byzantium. A 'temporary reconquest'.
900 715 978 1014 N Macedonians S Zadar to Black Sea & from Srem to C
Aegean. - {W of area settled by
Sagudati (51-120) which is Vardar
RV betw Saloniki & Vereja (Veroia,
Veria). + Vardar RV betw Saloniki
& Vereja (Veroia, Veria). + Betw
Crna & Treska RR betw LL Ohrid &
Prespan, & in N up to Titov Veles Acc/to (51-138). Start date of Macedonian
& Kiceva, YU. + Around Teba (Westbulgarian) Empire (51-138), end date
(Thebae Phthiae) and Demetrias is collapse of Czar Samuilo's Empire (ref
(ancient towns, Demetrias is 149, p.48). From W of area settled by
modern Volos (Bolos) on Gulf of Sagudati {51-120} which is Vardar RV betw
Volos (Pagasitikos Kolpos)) GR. Saloniki & Vereja (Veroia,
(See map 7/8 in Putzger.) + Mesta
R area in Rodope
Mts (BG & N GR). + Struma R area Veria). + Vardar RV betw Saloniki & Vereja
(BG & N GR). + E of Saloniki (Veroia, Veria). + Betw Crna & Treska RR
toward Struma R & Chalcidike, GR. betw LL Ohrid & Prespan, & in N up to
+ Polog(a) area, Macedonia (along Titov Veles & Kiceva, YU. + Around Teba
Upper Vardar R betw Tetovo & (Thebae Phthiae) and Demetrias (ancient
Gostivar) YU.} *(51-138) - {900- towns, Demetrias is modern Volos
714}*
(Bolos) on Gulf of Volos (Pagasitikos
Kolpos)) GR. (See map 7/8 in Putzger.) +
Mesta R area in Rodope Mts (BG & N GR). +
Struma R area (BG & N GR). + E of Saloniki
toward Struma R & Chalcidike, GR. +
Polog(a) area, Macedonia (along Upper
Vardar R betw Tetovo & Gostivar) YU. *{900-
714}*
900 714 978 1100 N Macedonians S {W of area settled by Sagudati (51- L
120) which is Vardar RV betw
Saloniki & Vereja (Veroia,
Veria).} + {Vardar RV betw
Saloniki & Vereja (Veroia,
Veria).} + {Betw Crna & Treska RR
betw LL Ohrid & Prespan, & in N up
to Titov Veles & Kiceva,
YU.} + {Around Teba (Thebae These result from fusion of earlier
Phthiae) and Demetrias (ancient separate tribes of Macedonian Slavs (we
towns, Demetrias is modern Volos record Draguviti, Sagudati, Velegiziti,
(Bolos) on Gulf of Volos Smoljani, Strumljani, Rinhini, Vojniti,
(Pagasitikos Kolpos)) GR. (See map Brsjaci, Jezeriti, Milinci (ref (118-9),
7/8 in Putzger.)} + {Mesta R area (118-10)). Ref 114 considers them
in Rodope Mts (BG & N GR).} + Macedoslavs
{Struma R area (BG
& N GR).} + {E of Saloniki toward and doesn't call them Macedonians until
Struma R & Chalcidike, GR.} 15th C. Start date is start of Macedonian
+{Polog(a) area, Macedonia (along (Westbulgarian) Empire (51-138); end date
Upper Vardar R betw Tetovo & first recorded assimilation (114-7).
Gostivar) YU.} *{900-704} + {900-
705} + * *{900-706} + {900-707} +
* *{900-708} + {900-709} + * *{900-
710} +
{51-125} *
43 10 980 991 N Norwegians G Southampton N
From N (?).
237 3 985 1000 N Arabs E Barcelona, Astorgay Leon, Santiago C
de Compostela, Burgos.
From E. C. Spain.
237 2 987 997 N Arabs E Coimbra, Viseu (P) C
From C. Iberia.
15 17 990 1016 A Danes G Thames R, Wessex A
Danish Vikings from DK. Called Vikings in
ref, but Gwyn Jones: History of the
Vikings identifies them as Danes. End date
also acc/to Gwyn Jones, pp. 371 & 205-8.
15 16 990 # A Danes G Lincoln, Stamsford & Leicester, S
Derby, Nottingham (England)
From DK. Additional immigrants.
205 8 990 1016 N Swedes G England A
From S. As members of Danish & Norwegian
Viking armies. Dates to conform to (15-17).
900 349 1000 1200 N Albanians Y Albania- {C Albania (in E
mountainous area)(See map 1 in ref
165.)} *(Albania) - {900-348}*
Acc/to ref 149, p.70. From C Albania (in
mountainous area.) (See map 1 in ref 165.)
*{900-348}*
900 350 1000 1300 N Albanians Y Albania L
For consistency with (900-349) and (123-
33). After 1300 AD split into Ghegs and
Tosks.
900 625 1000 1100 A Danes G {Dublin area} *{15-20}* I
By Irish. Acc/to (30-29). (Norwegian
Vikings)
901 152 1000 1970 N Finns F Area W of L Onega, N SU + L
Leningrad area & Karelian ASSR
Acc/to (346-5) and (213-20). 50-100K
people. The population figures from ref
213 (a generally more detailed reference
than 212) have been updated from 1970
census. Figures obtained from the
Encylcopaedia Brittanica. Start date
compromise between
(900-121) and (346-5), (213-20). Apparent
contraction over (900-121).
900 109 1000 1150 A Galindians B S of Smolensk, Moscow & Kaluga L
(see fig 50, xeroxed).
Acc/to (38-20).
359 2 1000 1200 N Germanics G W CH, N of L Geneva, & E to NW E
border Bodensee.
Very few Germanic place names near
Bodensee, but many along and N & NE of L
Geneva, evidenced by Germanic place names.
Not necessarily expansion from (359-1).
Could be migration from elsewhere.
51 134 1000 1100 A Illyrians Y Macedonia I
By Slavs. (This must be matched up later--
during the gens- consistency check--with
specific Illyrian tribes extant in this
area, and will then serve to provide end
dates for the location records of such
tribes.)
201 10 1000 # A Karelians F N of Savo, W to Nastola, S in E
Ingria & E to White Sea lands.
From SE SF around Kexholm (see Kaekisalmi,
NW corner of L Ladoga. ref 202, map 2.)
*{201-9}* Reference calls these Proto-
Karelians. These turn into Karelians.
169 10 1000 1500 A Kvaens F N Sweden M
Related to Karelians. Presumably came from
Karelia. Mentioned by author but info from
Geipel, and Coon: The Races of Europe, who
gives the date as (Northern) Middle Ages.
900 799 1000 1970 A Kvaens F {N Sweden} *{169-10}* L
Start date to conform to (169-10). End
date: still there.
900 111 1000 1200 A Lettigallians B W Dvina R L
*(Place description can be attributed to *
*(234-102).)*
901 214 1000 1200 A Lithuanians B Lithuania - {Area betw Nemunas R, E
Vilnius, & S to around Lida, S
Lithuania & N Belorussia.}
*(Lithuania) - {364-8}*
From area betw Nemunas R, Vilnius, & S to
around Lida, S Lithuania & N Belorussia.
*{364-8}*
900 116 1000 1200 A Lithuanians B Lithuania L
(Connecting (364-8) with (38-26).)
900 129 1000 1970 A Livonians F Latvian SSR: Rayon Ventspils L
Acc/to (169-1). 'Earlier' were located to
both sides of Daugava R. See (364-2).
51 136 1000 # A Macedonians H Yugoslav portion of Macedonia I
By Slavs.
13 64 1000 1100 A Merya F {Area between Kostroma, Rostov and I
Suzdal (NE of Moscow, see map ref
328)} *{900-790}*
Syn. Merja. By Slavs (Krivice).
901 82 1000 # A Nenets O {N of E Europe & W Siberia. Tundra M
from mouth of N Dvina R to mouth
of Yenisey R on Kanin Penin, on
little Tundra (Malaya Zemlya) betw
Mezer & Pechora RR, on Great
Tundra (Bol'shay Zemlya) betw
Pechora R & Ural Mts, on Yamel
Penin, on
Ob R delta along Nadyn, lower Pur, From Taiga of W Siberia where S group of
lower Taz, lower Yenisey RR Vogul now live or even further S, but N of
islands, nr coast, specifically 57. *{41-8}* Date acc/to ref 41.
Kolguyev, Vayzach, Novaya Zemlya,
Belyy. Also forest region of
middle Ob R.} *{41-1}*
41 1 1000 1970 A Nenets O N of E Europe & W Siberia. Tundra L
from mouth of N Dvina R to mouth
of Yenisey R on Kanin Penin, on
little Tundra (Malaya Zemlya) betw
Mezer & Pechora RR, on Great
Tundra (Bol'shay Zemlya) betw
Pechora R & Ural Mts, on Yamel
Penin, on
Ob R delta along Nadyn, lower Pur, Syn Yurak, a tribe of N. Samoyeds, Uralic
lower Taz, lower Yenisey RR speakers. Start date to conform to (901-
islands, nr coast, specifically 82); end date still there. In 1960, 10-50
Kolguyev, Vayzach, Novaya Zemlya, K (upper bound seems high; E article on
Belyy. Also forest region of Uralic language mentions 24K) acc/to (213-
middle Ob R. 23).
900 723 1000 1945 A Poles S {Middle Vistula R (incl Warsaw), L
PL.} + {Middle Warta R around
Poznan, PL.} +{Upper Oder R around
Wroclaw, PL (see map ref 302).} +
{Middle or upper Odra R around
Glogow, PL.} + {W of Wisla R,
around Inowroclaw, PL (betw Wisla
and Notec
RR).} + {Upper Odra (Oder) R, betw Start date: Approximate date of start of
Nysa Klodzka & Upper Warta RR Polish people. Union of Polane, Vislane,
around Opole (Oppeln) PL.} *{900- Slenzane, Dadosane, Goplane, Opolini,
717} + {900-718} + * *{900-720} + Bobrane, Trebovane ((900-717), (900-718),
{900-721} + * *{302-32} + {900- (900-720), (900-721), (302-32), (900-722),
722} * (302-34), (371-4)). End date:
Relocation of boundaries after WW II.
900 110 1000 1100 A Semigallians B W Dvina R L
Acc/to (234-101).
900 643 1000 1100 A Swedes G {Old Ladoga (Staraya Ladoga at or I
nr Novaja Ladoga at S end of L.
Ladoga), Novgorod & Gnezdovo nr
Smolensk, Kiev (SU)} *{15-25}*
Acc/to (154-9) and other sources. By Slavs.
149 29 1000 # N Venetians I Coasts of Dalmatia & Istria S
From Venice.
900 133 1000 1500 A Vepses F From Seksna R (now betw Rybinsk L
Reservoir and L Beloje) in S to N
Dvina (Severnaja Dvina) R in N.
Acc/to (169-14), (213-21). Syn. Chudes.
Probably syn. with Cud. Already captured.
But note that Geipel states that Chudes
are Vepses plus Votes. We cannot
corroborate this.
149 27 1001 1018 N Byzantines H Betw Isker R (BG), Balkans & Black C
Sea (capital Pliska, BG). Sofia,
Adrianople, LL Ochrid & Prespa.
(Map in Mathew: Atlas of Medieval
Europe, p.67, in blue.)
From Byzantium. Under Emperor Basil II.
900 273 1001 1207 N Byzantines H {Betw Isker R (BG), Balkans & L
Black Sea (capital Pliska, BG).
Sofia, Adrianople, LL Ochrid &
Prespa. (Map in Mathew: Atlas of
Medieval Europe, p.67, in blue.)}
*{149-27}*
Dates from ref 51.
331 13 1016 # N Italians I Corsica C
From Pisa, I. Pisan raid/conquest of
Saracen lands since 950.
211 26 1018 # N Poles S Kiev A
From Middle Vistula R (incl Warsaw), PL. +
Middle Warta R around Poznan, PL. + Upper
Oder R around Wroclaw, PL (see map ref
302). + Middle or upper Odra R around
Glogow, PL. + W of Wisla R, around
Inowroclaw, PL (betw Wisla and Notec
RR). + Upper Odra (Oder) R, betw Nysa
Klodzka & Upper Warta RR around Opole
(Oppeln) PL. *{900-723}*
236 9 1022 # N Armenians O Sivas (AM) Q
From Armenia (part of people only).
900 201 1025 1143 A Byzantines H GR, BG, YU, Crete, Cyprus, AM, and L
part of I. (See ref 325, map on
p.113.)
Extent of Byzantine Empire during this
time period.
49 5 1027 1059 A Pechenegi T Nr Silistra (Dristra) in the S
Paristrion (Dobrugea).
20K settled. From area betw Don & lower
Danube RR. *{900-393}*
900 396 1027 1122 A Pechenegi T {Nr Silistra (Dristra) in the L
Paristrion (Dobrugea).} *{49-5}*
For consistency with (49-5) and (49-13).
Destroyed and dispersed by Kipchaks in
1091 acc/to (211-13). But rests subdued by
Byzantines in 1122 acc/to ref 129, p.370.
154 12 1029 1087 N Normans I S I, Sicily (see ref 331) C
From Normandy. End date to include
Syracuse acc/to (331-21).
901 69 1029 1194 A Normans I {S I, Sicily (see ref 331)} *{154- I
12}*
By indigenous population. Start date to
conform to (154-12); end date: conquest of
Sicily by Henry VI. Based on info in
Finley, Smith & Duggan: History of Sicily.
130 2 1040 1089 N Seldjuks T From L Aral & India to Upper E
Euphrates River & Syria, Armenia,
AM.
From L Aral & Lower Jaxartes (Syr-Darya) R
(Transoxania).
900 417 1040 1065 A Seldjuks T {From L Aral & India to Upper L
Euphrates River & Syria, Armenia,
AM.} *{130-2}*
For consistency with (130-2) & (325-12).
236 5 1040 1100 A Turkmens T E provinces of Byzantine Empire (E Q
AM).
From C Asia.
325 14 1043 # A Byzantines H E Sicily A
From Byzantium. A 'temporary reconquest'.
900 200 1043 1088 N Byzantines H {E Sicily} *{325-14}* L
Acc/to Ploetz. Lost to Normans.
236 8 1045 # N Seldjuks T Kars, L Van (AM) A
From L Aral & India to Upper Euphrates
River & Syria, Armenia, AM. *{900-417}*
53 56 1045 1149 N Spaniards I Ebro & Tejo RVV: Calahorra, C
Tortosa & Lerida. In W: Coria.
From N Christian area (Calahorra conquered
by Christians from Pamplona).
236 10 1047 1059 N Seldjuks T Erzerum, Ani, Kars, Melitene A
(Malayta), Sebaste (Sivas) [AM]
From L Aral & India to Upper Euphrates
River & Syria, Armenia, AM. *{900-417}*
331 15 1050 # N Italians I Sardinia C
From Pisa, I. Pisan raid/conquest of
Saracen lands since 950.
31 41 1050 1100 A Pechenegi T H Q
From area betw Don & lower Danube RR.
*{900-392}* Parts of invaders resettled in
eastern H, assimilated by Magyars.
900 751 1050 1970 A Slovaks S Slovakia L
Start date to conform to (900-750). End
date still present. We use a wider
geographic area than (900-750) but have at
the moment no specfic record of when
Slovaks expanded in mountain regions.
53 54 1050 1150 A Spaniards I Betw Douro & Tejo RR Q
(councils=districts of Salamanca,
Avila, Segovia, Cuellar,etc) & in
Ebro RV(councils of Zaragoza,
Daroca, Alcaniz, Calatayud, etc.)
Christians. From Christian north.
325 16 1052 # N Byzantines H Area betw Tigris & Euphrates RR, A
NE of Aleppo.
From Byzantium. A 'temporary reconquest'.
900 638 1052 1200 A Norwegians G {IRL: Dublin, Carlingford, at Linn I
Duachail in Louth, & in Linn Roio.
+ Trading post in Ireland:
Waterford, Cork, Limerick,
Wexford} *{900-637}*
Inferred acc/to Gwyn Jones: History of the
Vikings, p. 397.
325 15 1054 # N Byzantines H Area nr Ani, Caucasus Mts A
foothills.
From Byzantium. A 'temporary reconquest'.
328 5 1054 1242 N Chudes F Area around N (Severnaja) Dvina & L
Vaga RR, N SU.
Group of early 'Baltic Finns'.
328 23 1054 1242 N Kuri B W Latvia, betw Baltic Sea & Gulf L
of Riga.
Probably syn. with Curonians.
328 9 1054 1242 N Muroma F Area near Murom & Oka R, SU L
Probably ancestral Mordvins. East Finnic
group acc/to ref 234.
328 25 1054 1242 N Yatvagi S Area betw Grodno, Pinsk, & L
Berestae, W SU & E PL.
Eastern Slavic tribe according to
reference. Could these be Slavicized
Yatvingi (see (234-104)).
328 2 1054 1242 N Yugra U Area betw Pechora & Vychegda RR, W L
of Ural Mtns N SU.
236 7 1055 # N Seldjuks T Baghdad A
From L Aral & India to Upper Euphrates
River & Syria, Armenia, AM. *{900-417}*
49 9 1055 1064 N Uzi T {Betw Don & lower Danube RR} M
(given in reference as: Bug,
Sereth, Lower Danube RR.) *{900-
393}*
From area between Ural & Volga RR (given
in ref as: Patxinachia, Chaxaria, Alania
(transcribed from Greek). Former homeland
of Pechenegi.) *{49-7}* Probably coexisted
with the Pechenegi for a period of time.
900 398 1055 1100 A Uzi T {Betw Don & lower Danube RR} L
(given in reference as: Bug,
Sereth, Lower Danube RR.) *{49-9}*
For consistency with (49-9) and (49-11),
(49-12).
900 399 1060 # A Cumans T {Area between Ural & Volga RR} M
*{900-387}*
Acc/to (49-10). From N of Aral Sea.
900 404 1060 1070 A Cumans T {Area between Ural & Volga RR} L
*{900-399}*
For consistency with (900-399).
331 17 1063 # N Italians I Palermo, Sicily N
From Pisa, I.
325 12 1065 # N Seldjuks T Anatolia betw Halys R (Kizil E
Irmak) & L Van (TR). (See 112/
113, map 1, Times Historical
Atlas.)
From L Aral & India to Upper Euphrates
River & Syria, Armenia, AM. *{900-417}*
900 418 1065 1078 N Seldjuks T {From L Aral & India to Upper L
Euphrates River & Syria, Armenia,
AM.} + {Anatolia betw Halys R
(Kizil Irmak) & L Van (TR). (See
112/ 113, map 1, Times Historical
Atlas.)} *{900-417} + {325-12}*
For consistency with (325-12) & (236-12).
154 11 1066 # N Normans I England C
From Normandy. 4-7 K cavalry & infantry
(acc/to Encyclopaedia Brittanica).
901 68 1066 1300 A Normans I {England} *{154-11}* I
By Anglo-Saxons.
211 27 1068 # N Poles S Kiev A
From Middle Vistula R (incl Warsaw), PL. +
Middle Warta R around Poznan, PL. + Upper
Oder R around Wroclaw, PL (see map ref
302). + Middle or upper Odra R around
Glogow, PL. + W of Wisla R, around
Inowroclaw, PL (betw Wisla and Notec
RR). + Upper Odra (Oder) R, betw Nysa
Klodzka & Upper Warta RR around Opole
(Oppeln) PL. *{900-723}*
236 11 1069 # N Byzantines H Armenia A
Incl mercenaries such as SCA, Francs,
Slavs, Pechenegi, Turks (Cumans &
Oghuzes), Sicilians, Crusaders. From
Byzantium.
900 400 1070 # A Cumans T {Betw Don & lower Danube RR} *{900- E
392}*
Acc/to (49-10). From area between Ural &
Volga RR. *{900-399}*
900 403 1070 1150 A Cumans T {Area between Ural & Volga RR} + L
{Betw Don & lower Danube RR} *{900-
399} + {900-400}*
For consistency with (900-400) and (32-55).
31 42 1071 1072 A Cumans T E H (between Danube & Tisza RR) Q
From area betw Don & lower Danube RR.
*{900-400}* Date acc/to to Ploetz, p.375.
Parts of invaders resettled in eastern H,
assimilated by Magyars.
53 76 1072 1109 N Bretons K Sahagun Zone: Logrono, Santo R
Domingo de la Calzada, Najera,
Burgos, Castrojeriz, Carrion de
los Condes, Leon, Astorga,
Ponferrada, Lugo, Puerto Marin &
Santiago de Compostela.
From Brittany. Not many. Resettled by King
Alfonso VI.
900 402 1072 1200 A Cumans T {E H (between Danube & Tisza RR)} L
*{31-42}*
Acc/to (31-42). For consistency with (31-
42) and (900-401).
53 78 1072 1109 N English G Sahagun Zone: Logrono, Santo R
Domingo de la Calzada, Najera,
Burgos, Castrojeriz, Carrion de
los Condes, Leon, Astorga,
Ponferrada, Lugo, Puerto Marin &
Santiago de Compostela.
From GB. Not many. Resettled by King
Alfonso VI.
53 79 1072 1109 N French I Sahagun Zone: Logrono, Santo R
Domingo de la Calzada, Najera,
Burgos, Castrojeriz, Carrion de
los Condes, Leon, Astorga,
Ponferrada, Lugo, Puerto Marin &
Santiago de Compostela.
Resettled by King Alfonso VI from various
regions in F (Bourgogne, Gascony,
Normandy, Provence, Toulouse).
53 77 1072 1109 N Germans G Sahagun Zone: Logrono, Santo R
Domingo de la Calzada, Najera,
Burgos, Castrojeriz, Carrion de
los Condes, Leon, Astorga,
Ponferrada, Lugo, Puerto Marin &
Santiago de Compostela.
From D. Not many. Resettled by King
Alfonso VI.
53 83 1072 1109 N Lombards G Sahagun Zone: Logrono, Santo R
Domingo de la Calzada, Najera,
Burgos, Castrojeriz, Carrion de
los Condes, Leon, Astorga,
Ponferrada, Lugo, Puerto Marin &
Santiago de Compostela.
From Lombardy, I. Not many. Resettled by
King Alfonso VI. Perhaps by now they are
Italian speakers.
900 419 1078 1106 N Seldjuks T {From L Aral & India to Upper L
Euphrates River & Syria, Armenia,
AM. + Anatolia betw Halys R (Kizil
Irmak) & L Van (TR). (See 112/
113, map 1, Times Historical
Atlas.)} *{900-418}*
For consistency with (236-12) & (236-17).
236 13 1080 1100 A Armenians O Cilicia (Little Armenia =Taurus & Q
Antitaurus area of AM; SE AM).
From Armenia. Following conquest of
Armenia by Seljuk Turks.
901 150 1080 1222 N Armenians O {Cilicia (Little Armenia =Taurus & L
Antitaurus area of AM; SE AM).}
*{236-13}*
For consistency with (236-13) and (236-22).
326 3 1081 1085 N Normans I Durres (Albania) & Corfu, A
Kastoria, Larisa, & around
Preveza, GR.
Start date acc/to (149-31). From Brindisi,
SE coast I (see (326-2)).
232 47 1085 # N Spaniards I Toledo (E) C
From Kingdom of Leon.
232 48 1086 1089 N Almoravids E Nr Badajoz, Aledo A
From Morocco. Including many Negrid
soldiers from Nigeria.
331 22 1090 # N Normans I Malta C
Saracen lands since 950 successfully
conquered by Normans. Ref suggests from
Normandy, but more likely they came from
Sicily, conquered earlier.
232 49 1091 1099 N Almoravids E Seville, Granada, Badajoz Valencia C
(Moorish kingdoms of...).
From Morocco. Including many Negrid
soldiers from Nigeria.
149 30 1091 1102 N Hungarians C Croatia and coasts of Dalmatia, C
Istria, Bosnia, Duklja, Zahumlje.
From Carpathian basin incl. modern H up to
its border with A, N into Slovakia, E to
Transylvania & S somewhat beyond Drave R.
(cf detailed map in ref. use colors coded
1&3). *{900-797}*
900 798 1091 1918 N Hungarians C {Croatia and coasts of Dalmatia, L
Istria, Bosnia, Duklja, Zahumlje.}
*{149-30}*
Hungarian suzerainty over Croatia. Start
date to conform to (149-30). End date:
independence of Croatia.
328 12 1093 # N Cumans T Kiev, W SU A
From area betw Don & lower Danube RR.
*{900-400}*
227 1 1096 1097 N French I Balkans W
1st crusade (majority from France).
236 15 1097 # N Byzantines H Nicaea (Iznik) TR C
Troops from Lombardy & D.
227 2 1098 1099 N French I {Antioch (the crusader state, not C
the city. See Putzger p.49)} +
{Edessa (the crusader state, not
the city. See Putzger p.49)} *{227-
5} + {901-64}*
From F. 1.2 to 1.5K cavalry & 12K
soldiers. Conquest of Edessa implied by
map of ref. 227, page 302.
227 5 1098 1268 N French I Antioch (the crusader state, not L
the city. See Putzger p.49)
Franks, as they were called, were a small
minority of population.
901 64 1098 1144 N French I Edessa (the crusader state, not L
the city. See Putzger p.49)
Franks, as they were called, were a small
minority of population acc/to ref 227 p.
302.
154 13 1098 # N Normans I Antioch C
From France. By 1099 1.2 to 1.5K cavalry &
12K soldiers acc/to (227-2).
9 20 1100 # A Anglo-Saxons G GB (excluding Scotland and Wales) L
Fused with Danes. Must exclude areas
settled by Celts.
50 1 1100 1300 A Germans G N Transilvania S
From D.
900 770 1100 # A Kajkavic S {Prekomurje a border area between Q
A, H, YU on other side of Mur R
(from YU point of view).} *{51-94}*
For consistency with (51-94). Identified
as Slovenian Kajkavic. Could these be
Caucasians? From Slovenia.
51 94 1100 1300 A Kajkavic S Prekomurje a border area between L
A, H, YU on other side of Mur R
(from YU point of view).
Identified as Slovenian Kajkavic. Could
these be Caucasians?
114 7 1100 1300 A Macedonians S BG I
This should take care of Macedonian
populations in (51-124) and (51-123). By
Bulgarian Slavs.
900 716 1100 1970 N Macedonians S {W of area settled by Sagudati (51- L
120) which is Vardar RV betw
Saloniki & Vereja (Veroia, Veria).
+ Vardar RV betw Saloniki & Vereja
(Veroia, Veria). + Betw Crna &
Treska RR betw LL Ohrid & Prespan,
& in N up to Titov Veles & Kiceva,
YU. + Around Teba (Thebae Phthiae) Start date for consistency with (114-7).
and Demetrias (ancient towns, End date: still in Macedonia, but some
Demetrias is modern Volos (Bolos) assimilation by Greeks and others
on Gulf of Volos (Pagasitikos undoubtedly took place, but we have
Kolpos)) GR. (See map 7/8 in specific records thereof.
Putzger.) + Mesta R area in Rodope
Mts (BG & N GR). + Struma R area
(BG & N
GR). + E of Saloniki toward Struma
R & Chalcidike, GR. + Polog(a)
area, Macedonia (along Upper
Vardar R betw Tetovo & Gostivar)
YU.} - {BG} *{900-714} - {114-7}*
232 59 1100 1150 A Moors E Galicia R
Dates correspond to Portugese reconquista.
From C & S P.
169 25 1100 1600 A Pecora O Pecora R, N SU L
Paleoasiatic (=Paleosiberian) group
(probably).
900 615 1100 1300 N Saxons G Hungary Q
From Saxony. Acc/to (50-3).
51 115 1100 1200 A Serbs S Morava R E
From Serbia, Bosnia, Neretva area,
Zahumlje, Travunija, Konavlje, Duklje,
Srbica (last 2 in Aegean Macedonia, rest
in YU). *{51-44}*
900 696 1100 1200 A Serbs S {Serbia, Bosnia, Neretva area, L
Zahumlje, Travunija, Konavlje,
Duklje, Srbica (last 2 in Aegean
Macedonia, rest in YU).} + {Morava
R} *{51-44} + {51-115}*
For consistency with (51-44) and (51-117).
51 137 1100 1200 A Slavs S GR I
By Hellenes. Facts established, but date
is questionable.
900 415 1100 1300 A Turkmens T {E provinces of Byzantine Empire L
(E AM).} *{236-5}*
For consistency with (236-5). End date is
a guess.
49 11 1100 # A Uzi T Macedonia R
From area betw Don & lower Danube RR
(given in reference as: Bug, Sereth, Lower
Danube RR.) *{900-398}* Part of tribe.
Pushed out by Cumans.
49 12 1100 # A Uzi T {Betw Don & lower Danube RR} T
(given in reference as: Bug,
Sereth, Lower Danube RR.) -
{Perislavija (SU)} *{900-398} -
{901-222}*
To Perislavija (SU). *{901-222}* Part of
tribe. Pushed out by Cumans.
901 222 1100 # A Uzi T Perislavija (SU). L
For consistency with (49-12).
901 57 1100 1400 A Vlachs I Transylvania, Wallachia, Moldavia Q
(ROM)
From Area of Greater BG empire (W BG & E
Serbia & E Macedonia). *{901-56}* Gradual
spread first to Transylvania, then
Wallachia, then Moldavia (acc/to
Encyclopaedia Brittanica). Start date for
consistency with (120-5); end date acc/to
E.
114 8 1100 1300 A Vlachs I {Area of Greater BG empire (W BG, I
E Serbia & E Macedonia)} *{901-54}*
By Bulgarian Slavs. Syn Valachi, earlier
called Daco-Romans.
901 58 1100 1881 A Vlachs I {Transylvania, Wallachia, Moldavia L
(ROM)} *{901-57}*
Start date to conform to (901-57); end
date foundation of ROM Kingdom. Listed as
Romanians thereafter. Locations given in
Encyclopaedia Brittanica, also (50-4).
210 5 1100 1200 A Yatvingi B Latvia L
234 104 1100 1200 A Yatvingi B Upper Niemen & Narev RR L
(SYN = Yatviagians).
234 103 1100 1200 A Zhmud B Niemen R mouth L
236 16 1101 1104 N French I N AM A
From F. These are Crusaders!
236 17 1106 1107 N Seldjuks T Malatya (anc. Melitene), C
Mayyafarikin, Mosul.
From L Aral & India to Upper Euphrates
River & Syria, Armenia, AM. + Anatolia
betw Halys R (Kizil Irmak) & L Van (TR).
(See 112/113, map 1, Times Historical
Atlas.) *{900-418}*
900 420 1106 1164 N Seldjuks T {From L Aral & India to Upper L
Euphrates River & Syria, Armenia,
AM. + Anatolia betw Halys R (Kizil
Irmak) & L Van (TR). (See 112/
113, map 1, Times Historical
Atlas.)
+ {Malatya (anc. Melitene), For consistency with (236-17) & (236-18).
Mayyafarikin, Mosul.} *{900-419} +
{236-17}*
210 4 1106 # N Slavs S Latvia A
From Polock, Byelorussia.
900 821 1110 1200 A Jews E N two-thirds of Spain Q
(Christian)(For detailed locations
see map p. 40 in Atlas of Jewish
World.)
From S two-thirds of Spain (Umayyad
Empire). *{900-819}* Dates inferred from
de Lange: Atlas of the Jewish World pp.
39/40.
900 822 1110 1497 N Jews E {N two-thirds of L
Spain(Christian)(For detailed
locations see map p. 40 in Atlas
of Jewish World.)} *{900-821}*
For consistency with (900-821) and (900-
823). Dates inferred from De Lange: Atlas
of the Jewish World pp. 41, 44. End date
is expulsion from P.
331 9 1115 # N Italians I Balearic Islands, Mediterranean A
Sea.
From Pisa, I. Pisan raid/conquest of
Saracen lands since 950.
325 17 1118 # A Byzantines H Area along Kizil R, C TR A
From Byzantium. A 'temporary reconquest'.
339 1 1125 1226 A Germans G Betw Elbe & Oder RR E
From area to the W. Germans began moving
east as a result of population pressure &
quickly submerged the small West Slavs:
Wagrians. Abodrites, Sorbs, & Lusatians.
Military & predatory at first, it soon
developed into a vast movemant
of peasants, often called in by Slav
princes to develop their territories.
900 649 1125 1226 N Germans G {Betw Elbe & Oder RR} *{339-1}* L
Eastward colonization by Germans. Start
date corresponds to beginning of record
(339-1), to permit (340-1) to come from an
occupied area. End date ?
232 50 1142 1147 N Spaniards I Coria, Almeria C
From Leon.
325 18 1143 1200 A Byzantines H GR, BG, S YU, Crete, Cyprus, W TR, L
N & S coast TR. (See ref 325, map
on p.113.)
Extent of Byzantine Empire. Temporary stop
date furnished here until exact timing can
be determined.
339 2 1143 # A Germans G Wagria (area E of Kiel), N D N
From D. This conquest opened the Baltic to
the Germans.
339 4 1143 # N Germans G Luebeck FRG; Wismar, Rostock, S
Stralsund, Greifswald, Cammin,
Kolberg; all along Baltic coast,
DDR.
From D. Founded these German cities.
331 11 1143 # N Italians I Balearic Islands, Mediterranean C
Sea.
From Pisa, I. Pisan raid/conquest of
Saracen lands since 950.
232 51 1147 1195 N Almohads E Andalusia C
From sedentary tribes in Morocco.
53 84 1147 # N Italians I Almeria A
From Genoa, I. Together with Spaniards
(crusade in Spain, stimulated by the
second crusade).
326 5 1147 # N Normans I Islands of Corfu, Kefallinia, A
Zakinthos (islands W of GR) & thru
Gulf of Corinth to Korinthos,
Athens, & Monemvasia, GR.
From Sicily.
53 57 1147 # N Portuguese I Santarem, Lisbon (P) C
From N of Douro R.
32 55 1150 # A Cumans T Tama (Locality is Tmutokoran; see C
Putzger Atlas p.44) penins., S of
Sea of Azov.
From area betw Don & lower Danube RR.
*{900-400}*
900 405 1150 1500 A Cumans T {Area between Ural & Volga RR + L
Betw Don & lower Danube RR} +
{Tama (Locality is Tmutokoran; see
Putzger Atlas p.44) penins., S of
Sea of Azov.} *{900-403} + {32-55}*
For consistency with (32-55) and (50-6)
which has some Kipchaks at Astrachan in
1430.
31 43 1150 1175 A Mongols M Steppes N of China around Onon R L
nr Dulun-Boldag.
179 26 1150 1450 A Slavs S Mecklenburg, Pommerania Saxony, I
Thuringia, Lower & Middle Silesia.
By Germans.
332 2 1154 1155 N Germans G Parma, Bologna, Rome, & Ancona, A
Verona
From Roncaglia, nr Piacenza Lombardy, N I.
Frederick I's first Expedition route. No
info on ethnic composition of Frederick's
army.
204 4 1155 1293 N Swedes G Uusimaa, Finland proper (Varsinais Q
Suomi) (both regions in SF),
Ostrobothnia (region in F, see map
2 ref 202)
From S.
332 4 1158 1162 N Germans G Verona, I Roncaglia-Piacenza, A
Pavia, Milan, Dole, F.
From Besancon, on Saone R, F (see (332-
3)). Frederick I's second Italian
expedition route. No info on ethnic
composition of Frederick's army.
53 58 1158 1230 N Spaniards I Mid Guadiana R basin: Badajoz. In C
Aragon: upper R basin of Turia R
with Albarracin & Teruel,
Maestrazgo, Guadaloupe (tributary
of Ebro), Guadalaviar R basin.
By Christians (military orders) from N
region.
332 6 1163 1164 N Germans G Bozen, D, Bologna, I A
From Area nr Innsbruck, Bavaria, D. *{332-
5}* Frederick I's third Italian expedition
route. No info on ethnic composition of
Frederick's army.
236 18 1164 1169 N Seldjuks T Elbistan, Laranda (Karaman) C
Kayseri, Malatya, Ankara (TR).
From L Aral & India to Upper Euphrates
River & Syria, Armenia, AM. + Anatolia
betw Halys R (Kizil Irmak) & L Van (TR).
(See 112/113, map 1, Times Historical
Atlas.)
+ Malatya (anc. Melitene), Mayyafarikin,
Mosul. *{900-420}*
900 421 1164 1214 N Seldjuks T {From L Aral & India to Upper L
Euphrates River & Syria, Armenia,
AM. + Anatolia betw Halys R (Kizil
Irmak) & L Van (TR). (See 112/
113, map 1, Times Historical
Atlas.)
+ Malatya (anc. Melitene), For consistency with (236-18) & (236-20).
Mayyafarikin, Mosul.} + {Elbistan,
Laranda (Karaman) Kayseri,
Malatya, Ankara (TR).} *{900-420}
+ {236-18}*
901 127 1166 1171 N English G E and S Ireland C
from England. Anglo-Norman invasion of
Ireland. acc/to E.
901 141 1166 1300 A English G E and S Ireland L
start date tct 901-127, end date tct 901-
129.
332 8 1167 1168 N Germans G Brenner Pass A/I, Bozen (Bolzano, A
I), area E of Verona, I, Ancona,
Rome, Parma, Pavia, Dijon, F.
From Area S of Augsburg, Bavaria, D. *{332-
7}* Frederick I's fourth Italian
expedition route. No info on ethnic
composition of Frederick's army.
332 10 1174 1178 N Germans G Alessandria, Chiavenna (N of Lake A
Como), Milan, Anagni, Venice, all
I.
From Area around Dijon, F. *{332-9}*
Frederick I's fifth Italian expedition
route. No info on ethnic composition of
Frederick's army.
31 44 1175 1200 N Mongols M Central Asia (Mongolia) E
From Steppes N of China around Onon R nr
Dulun-Boldag. *{31-43}*
236 19 1176 # N Byzantines H Konya A
From Byzantium.
332 12 1183 1186 N Germans G Verona, Milan, I A
From Konstanz, NE of Zurich, CH. *{332-
11}* Frederick I's sixth Italian
expedition route. No info on ethnic
composition of Frederick's army.
326 7 1185 # N Normans I Durres (Albania), Ochrid (YU), A
Thessaloniki, Xanthi (GR)
From Brindisi, I.
326 8 1185 # N Normans I Corfu, Zakinthos Islands, & around N
S of GR to Aegean Sea & towards
Thessaloniki GR.
From Brindisi, I.
328 22 1185 # N Russians S N shore Sea of Azov A
From Novgorod-Seversky, on Desna R. Prince
Igor Syvatovich's campaign against the
Polovtsians. (Polovtsians = Kumans).
339 5 1186 1201 N Germans G Riga, Dorpat (Tartu), Reval S
(Talinn), SU.
From N D (from cities that later formed
the Hanseatic League). In a series of
expeditions intendeded to extend German
sway as far as Gulf of Finland.
Appreciable German colonisation limited to
these cities. German enclaves remained
important
element in Baltic states, right down to
20th century, but the bulk of the
peasantry retained their Finno-Ugrian
character (in Estonia). End date correct
for Riga acc/to (211-29).
900 653 1186 1201 N Germans G {Riga, Dorpat (Tartu), Reval L
(Talinn), SU.} *{339-5}*
For consistency with (339-5) & (340-13).
330 3 1190 1194 N Germans G Tagliacozzo, Lucera Gaeta, Naples, A
San Germano, Troia,Salerno, Melfi,
Taranto, Cosenza, Reggio, Messina,
Cefaln, Palermo, all I.
From D. An invasion of the Kingdom of
Sicily. We don't know ethnic composition
of the army.
227 13 1191 # N English G Cyprus C
From GB. 3rd Crusade. English/French.
227 6 1191 # N French I Cyprus C
From F. 3rd Crusade. English/French.
900 401 1200 1221 A Cumans T {E H (between Danube & Tisza RR)} I
*{31-42}*
Acc/to (31-42). By Magyars.
900 852 1200 1500 A Jews E {Mainland I} - [INTERSECTION OF E
({Pisa area, C & S I, Sicily} +
{Po RV, area E of Rome, S
Sardinia}) AND {Mainland I}] *{900-
850} - INTERSECTION OF * *{900-
849} AND {900-850} * (For detailed
locations see maps pp. 44, 38, 40
in Atlas
of Jewish World.) From INTERSECTION OF ({Pisa area, C & S I,
Sicily} + {Po RV, area E of Rome, S
Sardinia}) AND {Mainland I} * INTERSECTION
OF {900-849} AND {900-850} * Dates
inferred from de Lange: Atlas of the
Jewish World p. 44.
900 875 1200 1500 A Jews E E of Elbe R & up to Oder R (For E
detailed locations see map p. 44
in Atlas of Jewish World.)
From Much of D & A & CH (For detailed
locations see map p. 40 in Atlas of Jewish
World). *{900-893}* Dates inferred from de
Lange: Atlas of the Jewish World p. 44.
900 895 1200 1600 A Jews E PL, W Ukraine, Byelorussia, Q
Lithuania (For detailed locations
see map p. 50 in Atlas of Jewish
World.)
From Much of D & A & CH + Augusta
Treverorum (Trier) + Rhine & Moselle RVV -
Augusta Treverorum (Trier) + Main & U
Danube RVV *{900-894}* Dates inferred from
de Lange: Atlas of the Jewish World p. 50.
900 851 1200 1500 A Jews E ({Pisa area, C & S I, Sicily} + T
{Po RV, area E of Rome, S
Sardinia}) - [INTERSECTION OF
({Pisa area, C & S I, Sicily} +
{Po RV, area E of Rome, S
Sardinia}) AND {Mainland I}] *{900-
849} - INTERSECTION OF * *{900-
849} AND {900-850} * (For
detailed locations see maps pp. To INTERSECTION OF ({Pisa area, C & S I,
38, 40, 44 in Atlas of Jewish Sicily} + {Po RV, area E of Rome, S
World.) Sardinia}) AND {Mainland I} * INTERSECTION
OF {900-849} AND {900-850} * Dates
inferred from de Lange: Atlas of the
Jewish World p. 44.
900 897 1200 1500 A Jews E {Augusta Treverorum (Trier) + T
Rhine & Moselle RVV - Augusta
Treverorum (Trier) + Main & U
Danube RVV + Much of D & A & CH.} -
{Much of D & A & CH - (A, Silesia, To Much of D & A & CH (900-893) - (A,
Saxony) + E of Elbe R & up to Oder Silesia, Saxony). Dates inferred from de
R.} *{900-894} - {900-898}* (For Lange: Atlas of the Jewish World p. 44.
detailed locations see maps pp.
29, 30, 38, 40, 44 in Atlas of
Jewish World.)
900 850 1200 1500 A Jews E Mainland I (For detailed locations L
see map p. 44 in Atlas of Jewish
World.)
For consistency with (900-849), (900-851)
and (900-852).
900 898 1200 1500 A Jews E {Much of D & A & CH} - (A, L
Silesia, Saxony) + {E of Elbe R &
up to Oder R} *{900-893} - (A,
Silesia, * *Saxony) + {900-875} *
(For detailed locations see maps
pp. 40, 44 in Atlas of Jewish
World.)
For consistency with (900-875) and (900-
897).
900 917 1200 1495 A Jews E {PL, W Ukraine, Byelorussia, L
Lithuania (For detailed locations
see map p. 50 in Atlas of Jewish
World.)} *{900-895}*
Start date to conform to (900-895). End
date: expulsion of Jews from Lithuanian
Empire. Dates inferred from de Lange:
Atlas of the Jewish World p. 45.
900 113 1200 1618 A Latgallians B Polotsk & Disna R L
Acc/to (210-12). Probably syn. with
Lettigallians.
38 29 1200 1960 N Lettigallians B Latvia L
38 26 1200 1960 A Lithuanians B Lithuania L
900 395 1200 # A Pechenegi T {H} *{900-394}* I
By Magyars acc/to (31-41).
51 117 1200 1331 A Serbs S Macedonia C
From Serbia, Bosnia, Neretva area,
Zahumlje, Travunija, Konavlje, Duklje,
Srbica (last 2 in Aegean Macedonia, rest
in YU). + Morava R. *{900-696}*
900 697 1200 1331 A Serbs S {Serbia, Bosnia, Neretva area, L
Zahumlje, Travunija, Konavlje,
Duklje, Srbica (last 2 in Aegean
Macedonia, rest in YU). + Morava
R} + {Macedonia} *{900-696} + {51-
117}*
For consistency with (900-696), (51-117)
as well as (149-41).
210 6 1200 1300 A Slavs S Latvia area where Yatvings were C
located.
From PL and Russia.
900 680 1200 1970 N Sorbs S {Oberlausitz (DDR)} + L
{Niederlausitz (DDR; Westermann's
Atlas p.6-8).} *{33-34} + {148-6}*
(Syn. Wends (Wenden)). These (acc/to
Encyclopaedia Britannica, 15th ed., 1976,
vol.IX, p.357) split into Upper (High),
Lower, and E. Sorbian speakers by the 13th
C, centered at Bautzen, Cottbus, and
Muskau, respectively. They are the
putative descendants of the Milziane and
Lusizi in Oberlausitz & Niederlausitz,
respectively. Start date to conform to (33-
34) & (148-6). End date present today.
(200K people, ref E).
50 2 1200 1970 A Szeklers C Transilvania L
Changed language to F no later than start
date.
900 427 1200 1300 N Turks T {AM (minus Cilicia)} *{130-8}* Q
Acc/to ref 130. From East. With Mongol
armies.
130 8 1200 1970 N Turks T AM (minus Cilicia) L
149 53 1200 1209 A Venetians I Port cities along Greek coast (see S
map in Putzger, p. 49)
From Venice. Time span given is for the
settlement. They stayed until ca 1500 AD.
901 73 1200 1500 A Venetians I {Port cities along Greek coast L
(see map in Putzger, p. 49)} *{149-
53}*
Start date to conform to (149-53); end
date acc/to Putzger, p. 49.
178 13 1200 1300 N Walsers U Romanches (F?), Liechtenstein, Q
Vorarlberg (Kleines & Grosses
Walsertal) (A), Tessin (Ticino),
Lombardy, Trentino Mts (I), Val
d'Aosta (I), Bas-Valais (F).
From Canton Vallois. Not clear at this
time whether migrants were Italic or
Germanic speakers.
340 13 1201 1274 N Germans G N from Riga into Livonia, & E to C
Semgallen & SW to Courland; also W
to Saarenaa, off W coast Estonia.
From Riga, Dorpat (Tartu), Reval (Talinn),
SU. *{339-5}*
900 652 1201 1346 N Germans G {Riga, Dorpat (Tartu), Reval L
(Talinn), SU.} + {N from Riga into
Livonia, & E to Semgallen & SW to
Courland; also W to Saarenaa, off
W coast Estonia.} *{900-653} +
{340-13}*
For consistency with (340-13) & (340-16).
227 7 1202 # N French I Zara (modern Zadar, YU) C
From F. 4th Crusade. Mostly French.
901 74 1202 1214 N Venetians I {Coast of Albania nr Durres N
(Durazzo)} *{149-37}*
From Venice.
227 8 1203 # N French I Constantinople C
From F. 4th Crusade. Mostly French.
900 183 1204 1246 N Greeks H Skutari, Ochrid & Prilep, Maritza C
(Marica) R, Thessaloniki (GR),
Skoplje.
Acc/to (149-34), (51-140). Acc/to ref 149
are Greek, acc/to ref 51 they could
possibly be Slavs. From Epirus.
232 54 1209 # N French I Carcassone, Toulouse A
From N F.
236 20 1214 # N Seldjuks T Antalya, Sinope (AM) C
From L Aral & India to Upper Euphrates
River & Syria, Armenia, AM. + Anatolia
betw Halys R (Kizil Irmak) & L Van (TR).
(See 112/113, map 1, Times Historical
Atlas.)
+ Malatya (anc. Melitene), Mayyafarikin,
Mosul. + Elbistan, Laranda (Karaman)
Kayseri, Malatya, Ankara (TR). *{900-421}*
900 422 1214 1220 N Seldjuks T {From L Aral & India to Upper L
Euphrates River & Syria, Armenia,
AM. + Anatolia betw Halys R (Kizil
Irmak) & L Van (TR). (See 112/
113, map 1, Times Historical
Atlas.)
+ Malatya (anc. Melitene), For consistency with (236-20) & (236-21).
Mayyafarikin, Mosul. + Elbistan,
Laranda (Karaman) Kayseri,
Malatya, Ankara (TR).} + {Antalya,
Sinope (AM)} *{900-421} + {236-20}*
129 52 1218 1241 N Mongols M Qara-Qytai, Chorezm (Buchara, C
Samarkand, Gurgang) Kuman Empire
in S Russia, Persia. (See map
entitled 'Feldzuege und Reich
Dschingis- Chans' following p.376
in xerox.)
From Central Asia (Mongolia). *{31-44}*
211 28 1219 1237 N Danes G Estonia C
From DK.
236 21 1220 # N Seldjuks T Kalonoros (Alaiye = Alanya, S C
coast AM)
From L Aral & India to Upper Euphrates
River & Syria, Armenia, AM. + Anatolia
betw Halys R (Kizil Irmak) & L Van (TR).
(See 112/113, map 1, Times Historical
Atlas.)
+ Malatya (anc. Melitene), Mayyafarikin,
Mosul. + Elbistan, Laranda (Karaman)
Kayseri, Malatya, Ankara (TR). + Antalya,
Sinope (AM). *{900-422}*
900 423 1220 1305 A Seldjuks T {From L Aral & India to Upper L
Euphrates River & Syria, Armenia,
AM. + Anatolia betw Halys R (Kizil
Irmak) & L Van (TR). (See 112/
113, map 1, Times Historical
Atlas.)
+ Malatya (anc. Melitene), For consistency with (236-21) & ref 236
Mayyafarikin, Mosul. + Elbistan, chronology. End of Seldjuk Empire results
Laranda (Karaman) Kayseri, in fragmentation into Turkish kingdoms,
Malatya, Ankara (TR). + Antalya, rise of Osman Turks.
Sinope (AM)} + {Kalonoros (Alaiye
= Alanya, S coast AM)} *{900-422}
+ {236-21}*
900 406 1221 # N Cumans T E H Q
Acc/to (200-4). (Area restricted to E H
acc/to (172-46), (172-47), (172-48).) From
area between Ural & Volga RR + Betw Don &
lower Danube RR + Tama (Locality is
Tmutokoran; see Putzger Atlas p.44)
penins., S of Sea of Azov. *{900-405}*
Due to pressure of Mongols.
900 407 1221 # N Cumans T Thrace Q
Acc/to (200-4). From area between Ural &
Volga RR + Betw Don & lower Danube RR +
Tama (Locality is Tmutokoran; see Putzger
Atlas p. 44) penins., S of Sea of Azov.
*{900-405}* Due to pressure of Mongols.
900 408 1221 # N Cumans T AM Q
Acc/to (200-4). From area between Ural &
Volga RR + Betw Don & lower Danube RR +
Tama (Locality is Tmutokoran; see Putzger
Atlas p. 44) penins., S of Sea of Azov.
*{900-405}* Due to pressure of Mongols.
900 409 1221 1970 A Cumans T {E H} *{900-406}* L
Acc/to (172-46). Probably speak Hungarian
now. Text is not clear. Called Great
Kumans in Kom. Szolnok, Little Kumans in
area between Danube and Tisza RR.
200 1 1221 # N Mongols M Sea of Azov coast A
From Qara-Qytai, Chorezm (Buchara,
Samarkand, Gurgang) Kuman Empire in S
Russia, Persia. (See map entitled
'Feldzuege und Reich Dschingis- Chans'
following p.376 in xerox.) *{129-52}*
236 22 1222 # N Armenians O W Taurus area (AM) including T
Silifke.
To {Cilicia (Little Armenia =Taurus &
Antitaurus area of AM; SE AM).} - {W
Taurus area (AM) including Silifke.} *{236-
13} - {236-22}*
901 151 1222 1914 A Armenians O {Cilicia (Little Armenia =Taurus & L
Antitaurus area of AM; SE AM).} -
{W Taurus area (AM) including
Silifke.} *{236-13} - {236-22}*
Still there by 1914 (see Dominian--
Frontiers of Language and Nationality in
Europe).
200 5 1222 # N Mongols M Dnestr R banks A
From Qara-Qytai, Chorezm (Buchara,
Samarkand, Gurgang) Kuman Empire in S
Russia, Persia. (See map entitled
'Feldzuege und Reich Dschingis- Chans'
following p.376 in xerox.) *{129-52}*
32 58 1223 1245 N Mongols M Russian Empire (See map p.60, in C
Putzger, Lendl, Wagner.)
From Central Asia (Mongolia). *{31-44}*
32 59 1223 1350 A Mongols M W Russia (Ukraine & Byelorussia) L
32 60 1223 1350 A Mongols M E Russia (Muscovite Empire) L
Located within the separate Khanate of the
Golden Horde. Here the population was less
urbanised & partly nomadic, consequently,
Mongol rule lasted longer in Russia, (for
200 more years following Mongke's death in
1259): comment acc/to
(336-13).
340 1 1226 1232 A Germans G PL W of Vistula R minus Pomerellia E
(see map ref 340)
From Betw Elbe & Oder RR. *{900-649}*
Advance of Teutonic Knights.
900 650 1226 1232 N Germans G {Betw Elbe & Oder RR} + {PL W of L
Vistula R minus Pomerellia (see
map ref 340)} *{339-1} + {340-1}*
Eastward colonization by Germans. Start
date corresponds to beginning of record
(340-1); end date to conform to (340-6).
232 52 1229 1235 N Spaniards I Balearic Is, Valencia C
From Aragon (900-50). (See pg.126, ref232.)
149 35 1230 # N Bulgarians S N Albania, Macedonia & W Thrace. C
From W boundary Tisza R; W Tisza R E to
Upper Pruth R on E side of Carpathian Mts;
along Pruth downstream to Leovo, E across
Bessarabia to Dnestr R. Downstream along
Dnestr to Black Sea. S border not stated
by author but probably not quite
up to modern S border of BG. (Included
Pliska, Preslav, Adrianople). + Srem area
(betw Sava & Danube RR). - Pannonia E of
Tisza R. *{900-660}*
900 662 1230 1600 N Bulgarians S {W boundary Tisza R; W Tisza R E L
to Upper Pruth R on E side of
Carpathian Mts; along Pruth
downstream to Leovo, E across
Bessarabia to Dnestr R. Downstream
along Dnestr to Black Sea. S
border not stated by author but
probably not quite
up to modern S border of BG. Start date for consistency with (149-35).
(Included Pliska, Preslav, End date to conform to (114-20).
Adrianople). + Srem area (betw
Sava & Danube RR). - Pannonia E of
Tisza R} + {N Albania, Macedonia &
W Thrace} *{900-660} + {149-35}*
340 6 1232 1255 A Germans G (Old) Prussia, betw Vistula & E
Nemunas (Memel) RR
From Betw Elbe & Oder RR + PL W of Vistula
R minus Pomerellia (see map ref 340).
*{900-650}* Expansion by Teutonic Order.
900 651 1232 1329 N Germans G {Betw Elbe & Oder RR + PL W of L
Vistula R minus Pomerellia (see
map ref 340)} + {(Old) Prussia,
betw Vistula & Nemunas (Memel) RR}
*{900-650} + {340-6}*
Eastward colonization by Germans. Start
date corresponds to beginning of record
(340-6); end date acc/to (340-10).
53 60 1232 1236 N Portuguese I Lower Guadiana R & Algarve Moura, C
Faro.
From N of Tejo R.
53 61 1233 1263